《非谓语动词》课件(共12张PPT).ppt
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1、语法专项-非谓语动词,一、动词不定式(一)构成:1.肯定形式:to+v 2.否定形式:not to+v(二)句法功能:1.主语:eg:(1)To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us _ _ English.(2)It is necessary for them to practice more.=_ _ _ is necessary for them.不定式充当主语时,常常用it代(放到句首),而把真正的不定式放在后面。2.表语:eg:(3)My work is to clean the room every day.
2、=To clean the room every day is my work.(4)Your duty is to collect information.多数情况下,不定式作表语,可转换为作主语。,to,speak,To,practice,more,3.宾语:eg:(5)He likes to play basketball.(6)I want to go fishing with you on weekends.动词不定式只能作某些及物动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。want,refuse,wish,need,choose,hope,agree,try,begin,offer,would
3、 like to等动词后只能跟不定式作宾语。4.宾补:eg:(7)She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.(8)I heard her cry in the next room just now.在make,let,have,see,hear,watch等使役动词、感官动词后,不定式省略to。但在变为被动句时应加上to。tell,ask,want,allow,get,would,encourage后常跟不定式作宾补。5.定语:eg:(9)Have you anything to say?(10)I need a room to
4、 live in.,不定式作定语,位于中心词之后;若作定语的不定式为不及物动词,且与中心词之间有动宾关系,要在该动词后加上适当的介词(如例10)。6.状语:eg:(11)Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)(12)I went there to study English.(表目的)不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。(三)常见的一些与不带to的不定式连用的词组、句型:1.Why not+do?2.had better(not)do 3.would rather do 4.Could/Would/Will you please(not)do?(四)特殊疑问词+不定
5、式 不定式可以和疑问代词(who,whom,whose what,which,)、疑问副词(when,where,how,why)连用构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。,eg:(13)Please tell me what to do next.(14)I didnt know where to go.二、动名词(一)构成:v+-ing(二)句法功能:1.主语:eg:(15)Feeding animals is my job.=My job is feeding animals.(16)Eating too much is bad for your health.2.宾语:(1)
6、动词的宾语:(17)He likes dancing/singing.(2)介词的宾语:(18)Cookers are used for cooking.(19)Jim is good at painting.常见的带动名词作宾语的动词:finish,enjoy,mind,practice,have fun,have trouble/problem,spend,feel like,have a hard time,be used to,cant stand/help,3.表语:eg:(20)His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is
7、 his hobby.多数情况下,动名词作表语可转换成作主语。4.定语:eg:(21)She is in the reading room.(22)We should improve our teaching methods.动名词作定语只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。三、分词(一)构成:1.现在分词:v+-ing 2.过去分词:v+-ed(二)句法功能:1.定语:eg:(23)Do you know the girl standing under the tree?(24)Please hand in your written exercises.分词作定语,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词
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