《话语分析》书评ppt.ppt
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1、What is discourse analysis?According to this book:the analysis of language in use.a pragmatic approach to DA The discourse analyst has to consider context.,The important definition,Discourse Analysis by Gillian Brown&George Yule,This book introduces the different approaches to discourse analysis.Thi
2、s book can help learners have a comprehensive view about this subject.The corpora included in this book covers recording,notice,letter,novel and newspaper articles.my view:It is not that difficult to understand because it deals with the basic concepts,the common approaches,but efforts are still need
3、ed in order to fully understand it.,General impression about the book,How to interpret discourse?Readers can base their interpretation of the writers intended meaning on:1 local interpretation and general features of context discussed in Chapter 2,2 the regularities of discourse structure outlined i
4、n Chapter 3 and 4,3 the regular features of information structure organization detailed in Chapter5,4 reference,coherence in Chapter6&7.,Chapter 1:introduction 2 functions of language:transactional(信息性)和interactional(互动性)transactional 用来表达命题和传达信息,interactional 用于建立和维持社会关系。the difference between spok
5、en discourse and the written one the difference between sentence and utterance,The structure of the book,Chapter 1 基本概念Chapter 2 话语分析中的语境1理解语境的基本方法:reference,presupposition,implicature and inference.2情境语境的特征:Hymes的分类:addressor and addressee,topic,setting,channel(如语言,击鼓,鸣号,摇旗),code(语码,如用了什么样的语言、方言或使用
6、了什么样的语体风格,message-form,(交际形式,如聊天、辩论、布道、十四行诗情书等)and event(事件)3可以帮助理解话语情境的两个原则:local interpretation principle(就近原则)analogy principle(类比原则)e.g.The baby cried.The mommy picked it up.Analogy principle:If the analyst has experienced a lot data of a particular kind,he will feel more confident in his interp
7、retation because he can make a comparison.,Chapter 3 话题与话语内容的表现1 In this chapter the author tries to explore some recent attempts to construct a theoretical notion of“topic”.2 Discourse topic is proposed by Keenan and Schieffelin.They think that there must be a single proposition(expressed as a phra
8、se or sentence)which represents the discourse topic of the whole of the fragment.3 Since attempting to define topic with focus on the content of a text is a difficult task,we could look at the form,concentrate on topic-shift to define topic,which,in fact are topic boundary markers.,Chapter 4 视角和话语结构
9、的表现1 Discourse is presented in line structure.The speaker has to choose a starting point.This starting point will influence the hearers latter understanding.2 Thematisation(主位化)refers to the linear organization of texts.3 Each simple sentence has a theme-the starting point of the structure and a rhe
10、me,everything else that follows in the sentence 4 Theme is usually the left-most constituent in the sentence.5 We find theme used sometimes to refer to the grammatical subjects of a series of sentences as in a remark by Katz.But theme is not the grammatical subject.6 Stagging(视角)often involves natur
11、al order(自然顺序)and point of view(视点)Natural order is for the presentation of a narrative sequence of events.,7 Natural order consists of time sequence(时间顺序)and perceptual salience.(感知顺序,一般到个别,整体到局部,由大到小)8 It is natural to put the event that happens first.If the writer does not abide by the this order
12、,he wants to create some special effects(如悬念)9 Staging can influence the choice of words used by the speaker or the writer.executed(表明一个法律程序)assassinated(非法和政治行为而报道)murdered(非法的犯罪行为而报道)Mary,Queen of Scots,was by the English Queen.,Chapter 5 信息结构focuses:consider how information is packaged within sma
13、ll structures information structure and its intonation realization(Hallidays account)The serious study of information structure within texts was instituted by scholars of the Prague School before the Second World War.Halliday adopted the Prague School view of information as consisting of two categor
14、ies:new information,which is information that the addressor believes is not known to the addressee,and given information which the addressor believes is known to the addressee.According to him,the speaker will order given information before new information.,He is particularly concerned with the info
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