英语修辞手法大全.ppt
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1、Figures of Speech,Figures Of SpeechIn English Stylistics,Simile,A figure of speech in which one thing is liken to another,in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image.It is an explicit comparison recognizable by the use of the word like or as.(A Dictionary of Literary Terms),Simile,w 1.Origin:La
2、tin,meaning like w 2.Comparative words:like,as w 3.Functions:describing shape,scenery;expressing emotions;explaining;vivid description,making easy to understand;creating interest.,Structure of a Simile,Tenor+comparative word+vehicleSubject+comparative word+referenceExample:My love is like a red red
3、roseTom is as tall as his brother(not a simile)Tom is as tall as a Maypole.(simile),Type One:like,Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.Marriage is like a beleaguered fortress:those who are without want to get in,and those within want to get out.,Type Two:as As firm as a rockAs mut
4、e as a fishAs strong as a horseAs brave as a lionAs obstinate as a cowAs white as snowAs black as ink/pitchAs changeable as the weatherAs wet as a drowned ratAs blind as a batAs fat as a pigAs proud as a peacockAs fresh as a rose,Type Three:what,Two Patterns:A is to B what C is to D.What C is to D,A
5、 is to B.,Type Three:what,Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.作家的笔犹如战士的枪。.,Type Three:what,What sculpture is to a block of marble,education is to the soul.教育之于心灵犹如雕刻之于大理石。What salt is to food,wit and humor are to conversation and li
6、terature,Type Four:than,A home without love is no more than a body without a soul.He had no more idea of money than a cow,Type Five:and,Love and cough can not be hid.爱情像咳嗽一样是掩盖不了的。Truth and roses have thorns about them.Kings and bears often worry their keepers.A word and stone let go cannot be recal
7、led.说出去的话就像抛出去的石子,是收不 回的。,Type Six:others,Who is to blame but her tyrant of a father.怪谁呢?只怪她那暴君般的父亲。A doctor must have the heart of a lion andthe hand of a lady.当一个医生必须有狮子般的胆量和仕女般的巧手。,Simile,O,my loves like a red,red rose,Thats newly sprung in June:O,my loves like the melody Thats sweetly played in
8、tune.Robert Burns,Simile,啊,我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰;六月里迎风初开;啊,我的爱人像一曲甜蜜的歌;唱得合拍又柔和。,The first line of the poem above,O,my loves like a red,red rose,is a simile.To communicate his feelings,the poet invites the reader to perceive in his sweetheart some of the properties of a rose.Properties this might include are
9、beauty,freshness,scentedness,specialness and rarity.Greenfly,thorns or blight,also common properties of roses,are likely to seem appropriate points of comparison,bearing in mind what we know of the context.,Metaphor,A figure of speech containing an implied comparison,in which a word or phrase ordina
10、rily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.(Websters New World Dictionary),Metaphor,A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another.The basic figure in poetry.A comparison is usually implicit;whereas in simile it is explicit.(A Dictionary of Literary Terms),Met
11、aphor,Metaphors are often easy to identify and take the form X is Y.Something or someone is being compared to something or someone else through a construction using the appropriate part of the verb to be(i.e.am,are,is,was,were,will be).,Metaphor,Education is not the filling of a pail,but the lightin
12、g of fire.教育不是将桶装满水,而是将火点燃。Money is a bottomless sea,in which honor,conscience,and truth may be drowned.金钱像无底的海洋,将荣耀、良知和真理淹没。Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose.,All the worlds a stage,And all men and women merely players;They have their
13、 exits and entrances,And one man in his time plays many parts,His acts being seven ages(Shakespeare,As you Like it)The first clause sets up the basic comparison.The tenor and vehicle invoked by the firstline are elaborated in the lines that follow.The metaphor makes possible for the literary writer
14、to explain things vividly in great detail.,Metaphor,The boy wolfed down the food the moment he grabbed it.Some books are to be tasted,others swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.(Of Studies,Bacon)She has a photographic memory for details.The mountainous waves swallowed up the shipA polic
15、eman waved me out of the snake of traffic.,Metonymy(借代),A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.(Websters New International Dictionary),Metonymy,Definition:one thing for another;associationwMetonymy is Greek for a change
16、of name Function:brief,vivid,interestingExample:What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave(from the cradle to the grave从生到死),A thousand mustaches can live together but not four breasts.千条汉子能共处,两个婆娘难相容。The pen is mightier than the sword.He keeps a good table.(待客周到,以丰盛的饮食招待客人)She has the ey
17、e for the fair and the beautiful.The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face.China won 4 golds and 5 silvers.We drove a Ford to Hyde Park.,Metonymy,This is the struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.It is a pity that there is more ignorance than knowledge in the country.She has retired
18、from the stage to teach.,The glories of our blood and state,Are shadows,not substantial things;There is no armour against fate;Death lays his icy hand on kings;Sceptre and CrownMust tumble downAnd in the dust be equal madeWith the poor crooked Scythe and Spade.(Shirley,The Glories of our Blood),In t
19、his poem,four metonyms are used:Sceptre,Crown,Scythe,and Spade.Sceptre and Crown are things that kings and queens carry and wear to represent their power and authority,and are therefore metonyms for kings and queens.Scythe and Spade are things used by peasants or farm workers,and are therefore meton
20、yms for peasants.What Shirley is trying to say is that death comes to all people,the noble and the humble alike.The idea would have been expressed much less effectively,if metonyms had not been used.,显贵王侯全会倒毖,与贱民并肩齐埋在尘土之中。在这首诗中诗人借皇冠(crown)和君主节杖(sceptre)来代替显贵王侯、君主贵族。借农民常用的工具大镰刀(scythe)和铁锹(spade)代表农民大
21、众。诗人运用借代这一修辞手段形象生动、简洁地表达了一种不可抗拒的自然规律:无论是至高无上的君主,还是卑微的劳苦大众在死神面前一律平等。,Parody,(Piece of)writing intended to amuse by imitating the style of writing used by somebody else.(Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English),Parody,Literary or musical composition imitating the characteristic style of
22、 some other work or of a writer or composer,but treating a serious subject on a nonsensical manner,as in ridicule.(Websters New World Dictionary),Parody,Definition:imitation of well-known sayingsFunction:humorous,ironical,interestingExample:,Parody,I have no outlook,but an uplook.My place in society
23、 was at the bottom.我没有人生观,但我有“上爬观”,我的地位在社会的最底层。,Parody,A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.难中的朋友是要躲避的朋友。这句话明显是仿A friend in need is a friend indeed.而来的。,Parody,It is said Jane has fallen in love with Jack.Yes,but she says she had hesitated for a longtime before she finally walked into love.据说简
24、与杰克坠入了情网。是的,不过她说她曾经犹豫了很长一段时间最后才步入情网。,Reagans conduct in the Governors office did at least demonstrate that his conservative bark often carried little bite when he tackledthe practical problems governing his state.(Time,April 28,1980)里根在州长任上的行为至少显示他在处理州里的实际问题时并不像他大叫大嚷的那些保守的调调厉害。bark often carried lit
25、tle bite 是根据谚语Hisbark is worse than his bite.(心地不如嘴恶)仿拟出来的。,“Twinkle,twinkle,little bat!How I wonder what youre at!”“You know the song,perhaps?”“Ive heard something like it,”said Alice.“It goes on,you know.”the Hatter continued,“in this wayUp above the world you fly.Like a tea tray in the sky.Twinkl
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