定语及定语从句.ppt

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1、Grammar,定 语,定义:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。充当定语的有:形容词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句。,形容词作定语：The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.)小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tom is a handsome boy.汤姆是个英俊的男孩。There is a good boy.,数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。The two boys are studen

2、ts.这两个男孩是学生。There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩。,代词或名词所有格作定语：His boy needs Toms pen.他的男孩需要汤姆的钢笔。His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆。,介词短语作定语：The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy in blue is Tom.穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。,名词作定语：The boy

3、needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。,副词作定语：The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是汤姆。,不定式作定语：The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是

4、汤姆。There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做。,分词(短语)作定语：The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的。There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩。,The Attributive Clause,定语从句,1.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。2.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。3.引导定语从句的连词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词:who

5、,whom,whose,that,which,as 关系副词:when,where,why,如果先行词是指人,用who,whom,whose,that引导定语从句。如果先行词是指物,用that,which,whose引导。,关系代词:,who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.,2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man

6、 to whom I nodded is Professor Li.,3.which 指物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder(which)he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?,注意:介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that。,4.that

7、 指人/物,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man(that)I told you about.,Is this the library from which you borrow books?from that,that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。,(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。I am sure she has something that

8、you can borrow.,(2)先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are not mine.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。This is the first book(that he has read.(4)先行词被the only,the very,the same修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.,在下列情况下只用which,不用that。1.引导非限定性定语从句。2.直接作介词的宾语。3.避免与that重复。Her

9、e he worked on a short film,which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world.,Many people were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.,This is the factory.I worked in the factory ten years ago.This is the factory where I worked

10、 ten years ago.The school is near a park.My son studies in this school.The school where my son studies is near a park.,关系副词where,We visited the house.Lusun once lived in the house.We visited the house where Lusun once lived.,Theyll never forget July 1.Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1.T

11、heyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.The days are gone forever.We used foreign oil during those days.The days when we used foreign oil are gone forever.,关系副词when,There was a time.The businessman lost heart at that time.There was a time when the businessman lost heart.,

12、When引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.,on which(=on the day),=,We still remembered the days when we travelled together.,The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.,when,in which(=in the days),=,where

13、引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。,This is the house where I lived two years ago.,in which(=in the house),=,Harvard is a world-famous university whereWang An got his Doctors degree.,The place _ we visited yesterday is a school for disabled children.,which/that,Harvard is a world-famous university.There Wang An got his Doctors degree,