定语从句及练习.ppt

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1、,定语从句 及练习,定语从句,概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子.,(Attributive clause),Mary is a beautiful girl.,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句,Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,1.The man is a worker.,2.The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子:,The man who

2、 is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,关系代词,关系副词,which,who,whom,whose,that,Where,when,why,当先行词是物时,用which 或that引导.,These are the trees which/that were planted last year.,当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.,This is the student who/that/whom I met yesterday.

3、,一。关系代词引导的定语从句,who,whom,whose,that用法区别.,who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,The man is a worker.,The man is speaking at the meeting.,分解,作主语,Whom 作定语从句的宾语,The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.,The woman is a teacher.,They wanted to visit the woman.,分解,作宾语,

4、whose 作定语从句的定语.,I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.,分解,I know the girl.,The girls mother is a teacher.,作定语,“whose n.”引导定语从句时，可换成“the n.of whom/which”或“of whom/which the n.”。He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.He lives in a big house faces the sea.He lives in a big house faces t

5、he sea.,the window of which,of which the window,that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.,The teacher that teaches us English is Miss Chai.The thief that the policeman caught is a ten-year-old boy.,当先行词是时间时,用when引导.,Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.,当先行词是原因时,用why引导.,Nobody knows the reason why he is o

6、ften late for school.,当先行词是地点时，用where引导,This is the city where I lived 10 years ago,二。关系副词引导的定语从句,各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？3.whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：I once lived in

7、 the house whose window faces south.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：This is the book(which)the teacher gave you yesterday.,难点链接,各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法5.that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is r

8、eading the newspaper over there?6.when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.8.why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often

9、late for school.,难点链接,Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book.The book is about Bill Gates._2.He is a teacher.The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man.He is smoking._4.Where is the picture?You bought it last week._,Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teacher wh

10、o/that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man who is smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,三。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,The school he once studied in is very famous.,(which/that),The school he once studied is very famous.,The school he once studied in is

11、very famous.,in which,which,This is the boy I played tennis with yesterday.,This is the boy I played tennis yesterday.,(whom/who/that),with whom,四。“代词或者数词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。代词有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等。数词有one等。,He loves his parents deeply,both of whom are very kind tohim.,We h

12、ave two spare rooms upstairs,neither of which has been much used in the past two years.我们楼上有两间空房，过去两年内都没怎么用。,In the basket there are quite many apples,some of which have gone bad.,There are forty students in our class in all,most of whom arefrom big cities.,Up to now,he has written ten stories,three

13、 of which areabout country life.,I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today.,五。关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。,I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today.,why,for which,关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when=on(in,at,，by，during)+which;where=in(at,on，from)+which;why=for which.如：I was in Beijing on

14、 the day he arrived.The office he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason we did it.,when(=on which),where(=in which),why(=for which),注意：from where为“介词关系副词”结构，它也可以引导定语从句。Tom hid himself behind the door，_ he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.,from where,巩固练习：American women usual

15、ly identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.（04上海）A.who B.as C.about which D.with whom 2.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.（04全国I）A for whichB at whichC in whichD on which3.There are altogether eleven books on the shelf,_ five are

16、 mine.（04全国IV）A on which B in which C of which D from which4.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.（04广西）A.of which B.during which C.from which D.for which,A,D,C,C,六。以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。,The way he answered the questions

17、 wassurprising.,(that/in which),七。注意 the same as/such as 的使用问题 当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用 that。在表示具体事物时，有时两者有一定的区别。一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。如：This is the same instrument that I used yesterday.这就是我昨天用过的那台仪器。This is the same instrument as I used yesterday.这台仪器跟我昨天用过的那台一样。在抽象概念上，同种类和同一事物

18、是没有绝对区别的，所以两个词可换用：I have the same opinion as/that you have.,当先行词前有 such,so,as 时，关系词应当用as。如：A wise man seldom talks about such things as he doesnt understand.He spoke in such easy English as everybody could understand.At this time of the day,all buses have to carry as many passengers as they can.It i

19、s so easy a book as every schoolboy can read.Lets discuss such things as we can talk of freely.,另需注意：This book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.（定语从句）This book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.（结果状语从句）,He is such a clever boy _ can solve all

20、 the questions.This is such an interesting book _ interests all students.This is so difficult a question _ no one can work out.He is so popular a person _ we all like to talk with.I bought the same car _ he is driving.,as,as,as,as,as,八.非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句的区别 1.限定性定语从句 1)对先行词起限制、确定作用。与先行词有不可分割的联系。没有定语从句

21、，先行词的意义就不明确，不完整。2)关系代词及关系副词 which who(whom)whose that when where why as 3)先行词和定语从句之间没有逗号 4)关系代词作宾语时可以省略,2.非限定性定语从句 1)只对先行词作补充说明，与先行词只有松散的联系。没有定语从句，主句和先行词的意义仍然清楚。2)关系代词及关系副词 which who(whom)whose when where as 3)通常有逗号 4)关系代词作宾语时不能省略,eg.We dont like the room,which is cold.我们不喜欢那个房间，它很冷。This is a pretty

22、 flower,whose name I dont know.这是一种很美的花，我不知道它叫什么名字。,1.I have a sister who works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。,2.I have a sister,who works in a hospital.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,3.All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.,里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。,4.All the magazines here,which

23、have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.,所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思,（不只一位姐姐）,（只有一位姐姐）,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,（杂志只有一种）,Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.1.The famous basketball star,_is an American,came to China yesterday.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr bla

24、ck,with _she had a wonderful time.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian,_I visited last year,is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.6.The school,_I once studied,was built thirty years ago.7.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was tru

25、e.,who,whom,which,which,when,where,which,九。关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句,as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是,1.as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。,He married her,as/which was natural.,He is honest,as/which we can see.,2.as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义

26、。,As is known to all,China is a developing country.,He is from the south,as we can know from his accent.,John,as you know,is a famous writer.,Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times,which I dont believe.,注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：,Tom was late for school again and again,which ma

27、de histeacher very angry.,These tables are made of metal,which made them very heavy.,十.定语从句与同位语从句的区别 同位语从句是位于名词answer，belief，doubt，decision，explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，news，order，problem，promise，truth等后的句子，并对这些名词进行补充说明或解释；从句一般是一个完整的句子，引导词that只起引导作用，不作句子成分，且that不可省略；同位语从句不可用which引导。而定语从句通常

28、是一个不完整的句子，缺少主语或宾语等。The fact that she hasnt known the result of the examination is clear.The fact(that/which)she told me yesterday is very important.,十一.非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别 There are two buildings,stands nearly a hundred feet high.（04湖北）Athe larger Bthe larger of them Cthe larger one that Dthe larger of

29、which,要区别是并列句还是非限制性定语从句，关键是看两个句子之间是否有连词，若有表示并列关系的连词或分号破折号，那就是并列句；如果两句之间没有这些连接符号，那就是非限制性定语从句，此时就需考虑使用适当的关系代词或关系副词了。,D,巩固练习：The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%are sold abroad.（04辽宁）Aof which Bwhich of Cof them Dof that 2.I have many friends,some are businessmen.（05全国卷1）Ao

30、f them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom,A,D,题2也可以改为：some of whom are businessmen.如果在之前加上连词 and，就只能用 some of them，而且不能倒装。,Exercise 1,1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,which/that,whose,3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.,2.Yesterday Alice was weari

31、ng the new dress _ I gave her.,用关系代词填空,4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.,5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.,which/that,whom,6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.,which/that,7.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town.,8.All _ we can do is to stud

32、y hard.,9.The first one _ stands up is a little boy.,that,that,that,10.The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.11.The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from my sister.12.I hate people _ talk much but do little.13.The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who/that,which/that,who

33、/that,which/that,14.The man _ hair is white is his grandfather.15.Is there a student _ father is a business man?16.This is the house in _ we have lived for 10 years.17.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.,whose,whose,which,that,注意：1.关系代词做动词的宾语时可以省略,The woman(who/whom

34、/that)they want to visit is a teacher.The book(that/which)I bought yesterday is every interesting.,2.That不能直接用在介词后面The house in which we live was sold.,3.从句中谓语动词的数由先行词决定。The singer who-from China is very great.(come)The little trees which-around our school were planted last year.(be),下列情况只能用that,1.序

35、数词或最高级adj修饰先行词时,Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.,It is the first thing that we must do.,下列情况只能用that,2.all,everything,nobody,few,little,much，anything，nothing,none,the one等不定代词作先行词时,Everything that we saw in this film was true.All that can be done has been done.,3.先行词（指物的）前面有all,few,on

36、e of,little,no,all,every,等词修饰时Theres no difficulty that we cant overcome.Ive read all the books that can be borrowed here.,4.当先行词被the only,the very,the last,the next修饰时。This is the only thing that Father bought for me.,5.当先行词即指人又指物时。They talked about the person and the book that interested them.,6当主

37、句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?Which is the car that we took yesterday?What did you hear that made you so angry?,7.当主句以There be结构开头时，或关系代词在there be结构中作实义主语，先行项为物There is a seat in the corner that is still free.There are two tickets of the film that are for y

38、ou.,8.当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或关系词本身是从句的表语时China isnt the country that she used to be 50 years ago.He is no longer the man that he used to be.,9.当先行词是基数词时Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.Now you can see the two that are still alive.,只能用which，不用that 的情况：1.在非限制性定语从中。例如：The meeting w

39、as put off,which was exactly what we wanted.2.定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.,只能用whom，不用that 的情况：1.在非限制性定语从中。例如：Mr.Brown is my English teacher,whom I saw yesterday.2.定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是人时。例如：There are 54 students in my class,three of _come from US

40、.。,whom,只用who不用that 的情况,a.先行词是one,ones或anyone时One who does not work hard will never succeed.Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.,只用who不用that 的情况,b.先行词为those 或被those修饰，指人时Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.,c.当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行项都为人时The student that won t

41、he first prize is the monitor who works hard.,d.在非限制性定语从句中指人I met a friend of mine in the street,who had just come from America.,单项填空1.-Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes，hes our headmaster.A.he B.who C.which D.whom2.Is this the river _I can swim？A.which B.in which C.that D.the on

42、e3.This is the best hotel in the city _I know.A.where B.which C.that D.it,B,B,C,4.Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it 5.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agreeC.who agrees D.which

43、agree6.My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A.that B.it C.which D.who,A,C,A,7.The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A.whos B.whose C.that D.of which.8.The girl _is reading under the tree _my sister.A.which；is B.whom；was C.who；is D.who；was9.I love places _the people are really friendly

44、.A.that B.which C.where D.who,B,C,C,10.The story he told was very interesting.A what B which C who D whom11.I will never forget the days we spent together.A.those B.when C.that D.who12.I like the places its not cold in winter.A.which B.those C.where D.this,B,B,C,13.The book he lent to me is very use

45、ful.A.it B.which C.what D.whose14.This is the factory we visited yesterday.A.it B.where C.that D.one15.This is the only thing he gave me.A.which B.what C.that D.it,B,C,C,16.Do you know the musician hair is very long.17.I dont know the girl is standing under the tree.18.The old man I talked to just n

46、ow is a scientist.A who B whose C whom D that,B,A,C.D,A,D,句子翻译,1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.,This is the doctor who saved the boys life.,2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.,The man who is running is my uncle.,3.她是我在这个城市所认识的唯一的一个女人.,She is the only woman that I know in the city.,4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.,The woman who lives next door is a

47、teacher.,5.哪一本是你想看的书.,Which is the book(that)you want to read?,6。我的英语老师布朗先生去年来中国的,Mr Brown is my English teacher,who came china last year.,7.他说从未见过她有点不真实。,He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.,The house that they built it in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.I will never forge

48、t the poor boy who have no arms.We have done everything which can be done.He is the only man who I know in the city.I have been to the park which there are a lot of flowers.The park where the old people usually go to is called Zhongshan park.Jim asked that who won the match.Look!The tree where Jack

49、is climbing is quite tall.,改错（在学习定语从句时常会出现以下的错句）,has,that,that,where,which,which,过关落实1.Some preschool children go to a day care center，_ they learn simple games and songs.A.then B.there C.while D.where 解析：where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。答案：D2.He was educated at the local high school，_ he went on to Beijin

50、g University.A.after which B.after that C.in which D.in that 解析：after which引导定语从句，which指上面的句子He was educated at the local high school，表示“在当地高中受教 育后上了北京大学”。答案：A,3.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing.A.when B.whose C.which D.where 解析：先行词是ac