天然免疫应答和炎症-普及免疫与人类健康知识.ppt
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1、4 天 然 免 疫 应 答 和 炎 症,Innate Immune System,1、熟悉非特异性免疫系统的组成和功能;2、掌握特异性免疫和非特异性免疫功能的不同;3、了解非特异性免疫系统分子和细胞之间的相互作用;4、了解特异性免疫和非特异性免疫之间的相互关系;5、了解吞噬细胞的杀伤机理。,Table 1,Non-specific Immunity,Specific Immunity,Response is antigen-independent,Response is antigen-dependent,There is immediate maximal response,There is
2、 a lag time between exposure and maximal response,Not antigen-specific,Antigen-specific,Exposure results in no immunologic memory,Exposure results in immunologic memory,Mechanisms of protection against infection and disease are diverse.Primarily they can be divided into two major categories:Non-spec
3、ific or innate immunitySpecific or adaptive immunity.The differences between the two types of immunity are shown in Table 1.,免疫分为非特异性或天然免疫(Non-specific or innate immunity)特异性或获得性免疫(Specific or adaptive immunity),天然免疫(Innate Immunity),获得性免疫(Adaptive Immunity),抗原非依赖性(antigen-independent),立即(immediate)
4、达到最大反应,无抗原特异性,抗原依赖性(antigen-dependent),无免疫记忆,产生免疫记忆,抗原特异性,达到最大反应时间滞后(lag time),识别特有的模式分子(pattern),识别生物分子(Macromolecules),The differences between the two types of immunity,天然免疫(innate immunity),动物机体与生俱有的抵御微生物或者外来异物侵袭的能力。,屏障(Anatomical barriers):物理:皮肤黏膜,化学:体表分泌物 正常菌群(normal flora):数量:1011/g 功能,细胞(Cell
5、ular components):皮肤黏膜上皮细胞 吞噬细胞 NK细胞,可溶性分子(Secretory molecules):补体、细胞因子、酶等,Table 2.Physico-chemical barriers to infections,System/Organ,Active component,Effector Mechanism,Skin,Squamous cells;Sweat,Desquamation;flushing,organic acids,GI tract,Columnar cells,Peristalsis,low pH,bile acid,flushing,thioc
6、yanate,Lung,Tracheal cilia,Mucocialiary elevator,surfactant,Nasopharynx and eye,Mucus,saliva,tears,Flushing,lysozyme,Circulation and lymphoid organs,Phagocytic cellsNK cells and K-cellLAK,Phagocytosis and intracellular killing Direct and antibody dependent cytolysisIL2-activated cytolysis,Serum,Lact
7、oferrin and Transferrin,Iron binding,Interferons,Antiviral proteins,TNF-alpha,antiviral,phagocyte activation,Lysozyme,Peptidoglycan hydrolysis,Fibronectin,Opsonization and phagocytosis,Complement,Opsonization,enhanced phagocytosis,inflammation,Table 2.Physico-chemical barriers to infections,系统/器官,活性
8、成分,效应机制,皮肤,立方上皮细胞;汗液,脱屑、冲洗、有机酸,肠道,蠕动、低pH、胆汁酸、冲洗、硫氰酸盐,肺,气管上皮细胞纤毛,纤毛摆动、表面活性物质,鼻咽,眼睛,黏膜,唾液,眼泪,冲洗、溶菌酶,淋巴循环和淋巴器官,巨噬细胞NK 细胞,K-细胞LAK 细胞,吞噬、杀伤细胞毒IL2-介导的细胞毒,血清,乳铁蛋白、转运蛋白,结合铁,干扰素,抗病毒蛋白,TNF-alpha,抗病毒、吞噬,溶菌酶,水解肽聚糖,纤维结合素,调理、吞噬,补体,调理、吞噬、炎症,柱状上皮细胞,Attachment Of E.coli O157 To M Cells,4-1 可溶性天然免疫分子,天然免疫分子 识 别 对 象 效
9、 应 溶菌酶细菌胞壁的糖肽 消化细菌胞壁 甘露糖结合蛋白(MBP)富含甘露糖的糖 致敏微生物;蛋白及脂多糖 激活补体 C反应蛋白(CRP)细菌表面多糖及 致敏微生物;磷酯胆碱 激活补体 补体与细胞及微生物表 杀伤靶细胞;面的糖及蛋白质共 趋化炎症细胞等价结合 LPS结合蛋白(LBP)LPS 促进LPS与CD14结合 可溶性CD14 LPS 促进细胞与LPS结合,天然免疫细胞,肥大细胞 哨兵细胞巨噬细胞 常驻边防细胞中性粒细胞 野战细胞NK细胞 机动兵细胞树突细胞 工程兵细胞,组织中的肥大细胞含有大量致密细胞颗粒,4-2 肥大细胞,哨兵细胞,静息肥大细胞,激活后 5 分钟,激活后 60 分钟,T
10、hey are the earliest phagocytic cells to appear in the bacterial infection and are prominent constituent of pus.,(1)中性粒细胞(neutrophils)野战细胞,4-3 吞噬细胞(phagocytes),I 细胞,Two neutrophils in blood film,Neutrophil-electron micrograph.Note the two nuclear lobes and the azurophilic granules,Histopathology of
11、lymphadenopathy due to infection by HIV-1.Subcapsular sinus.The sinus contains increased numbers of neutrophils.,(2)巨噬细胞(macrophages)常住边防细胞,MacrophageDifferent names in different tissues Monocyte(blood)Kupffer cells(liver)Mesangial cells(kidney glomerulus)Microglia(brain)Alveolar macrophages(lung)Hi
12、stiocyte(connective tissue),Figure 2 Blood film showing a monocyte(left)and two neutrophils,Monocyte with ingested malaria parasite,(3)郎格汉斯细胞(Langerhans cells),上皮组织中的LC(1,普通光镜)(2,扫描电镜照片)。,Macrophage Attacking E.coli(SEM x8,800),Alveolar(Lung)Macrophage Attacking E.coli(SEM x10,000),抗体,补体,CD16(FcR II
13、I),CD11b/CD18,CD25,CD28,CD32(Fc R II),CD35(CR1),CD64(Fc R I),CD71,B7-2,IL-2,抗体,补体,抗体,运铁蛋白,吞 噬 细 胞 表 面 受 体,II 吞噬细胞的识别受体,巨噬细胞除表达直接识别受体外,还表达能够结合补体成分、MBP、LBP、IgG(Fc RI、Fc RII和Fc RIII)等分子的间接识别受体。,吞噬细胞的识别受体,直接识别受体(direct recognition receptors)间接识别受体(indirect recognition receptors),Adherence of bacteria vi
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