部编本八下《诗经》.ppt

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1、12 诗经二首,R八年级语文下册,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

2、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

3、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,新课导入,学习目标,1.了解有关诗经的文学常识，有感情地朗读并背诵古诗，把握这两首诗的内容及其思想感情。（重点）,2.学习诗经中赋、比、兴的创作手法及其章法节奏的特点；分析诗歌的语言特色，体会诗歌的音韵美、意境美、含蓄美。（难点）,3.感受诗歌的艺术魅力，正确认识古代劳动人民对美好爱情的追求。（重点）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

4、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

5、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作品简介,诗经是我国最早的一部诗歌总集，收录了从西周到春秋时期的诗歌305篇。按照音乐的特点，分为“风”“雅”“颂”三个部分。“风”又叫“国风”，是各地的歌谣。计有“周南”“召南”等十五国风，共160篇，其中大部分为周代民歌，是诗经中的精华。,“雅”是西周王畿地

6、区的雅乐，共105篇，又分为“大雅”“小雅”。“大雅”31篇，用于诸侯朝会；“小雅”74篇，用于贵宾宴享。“颂”是统治阶级宗庙祭祀的舞曲歌辞，其中“周颂”31篇，“鲁颂”4篇，“商颂”5篇，共40篇。,体制,风（十五国风）雅（大雅、小雅）颂（周颂、鲁颂、商颂）,风土之音,朝廷之音,宗庙之音,表现手法,赋比兴,“赋者，敷陈其事而直言之者也。”,“比者，以彼物比此物也。”,“兴者，先言他物以引起所咏之词也。”,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

7、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路

8、,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,文体知识,古体诗：指的是唐代以前形成的较少格律限制的诗歌形式，有四言体、五言体、六言体和七言古代诗歌体等，大致押韵，不讲究平仄，句数不限。古体诗的发展轨迹：诗经楚辞汉赋汉乐府魏晋南北朝民歌建

9、安诗歌陶诗等文人五言诗唐代的古风、新乐府。,古体诗和近体诗,近体诗：隋唐出现的新诗体，有绝句和律诗两种。律诗通常为8句（超过8句的称为排律或长律），律诗分为首联、颔联、颈联和尾联。绝句为4句。根据每句字数，可分为五律、七律、五绝、七绝，讲究韵律平仄，律诗还讲究对仗。除排律外，句数都有限定。结构整齐、讲究押韵、规定平仄是近体诗的最大特点。,诗歌是最早出现的文学体裁，有着和其他体裁截然不同的特点。归结为五个方面：抒情性是诗歌的最基本特点；诗歌通过形象典型地反映生活；诗歌通过意境表达思想感情；古典诗歌具有精练和含蓄的特征；古代诗歌具有音乐美。,字词学习,雎鸠（）窈窕（）逑（）参差（）荇菜（）琴瑟（）

10、寤寐（）芼（）蒹葭（）溯洄（）萋萋（）晞（）湄（）跻（）坻（）涘（）沚（）,s,s,zh,jin ji,qi,x,xn,q,ch,j,yo tio,mo,s hu,j ji,cn c,w mi,mi,关 雎,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

11、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

12、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,朗读课文：,关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。求之不得，寤寐思服。,悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。参差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。,关关雎鸠，在河之洲。窈窕淑女，君子好逑。,关关雎鸠：雎鸠鸟不停地鸣叫。关关，拟声词。雎鸠，一种水鸟，一般认为就是鱼鹰。,洲：水中的陆地。,窈窕淑女：窈窕，指文静美好的样子。淑，

13、美、美好。,君子好逑：君子，当时对贵族男子的统称。好逑，好配偶。逑，配偶。,疏通文意：,这两句运用了比兴的写作手法，以成双成对的雎鸠来象征人间的爱情。以“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”为纲目，统摄全诗。,译文：雎鸠鸟不停地鸣叫，立在那河中沙洲上。文静美好的少女，是小伙子好的配偶。,参差荇菜，左右流之。窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。,参差：长短不齐。,荇菜：一种可食的水草。,流：捞取。,寤寐：这里意思是日日夜夜。寤，醒时。寐，睡时。,译文：水中长短不齐的荇菜，在船的左右两边捞取。文静美好的少女，日日夜夜想追求。,求之不得，寤寐思服。悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。,思服：思念。,悠：忧思的样子。,辗转反侧：形容心中有事，躺在床

14、上翻来覆去地不能入睡。,译文：追求没能如心愿，日夜牵挂在心头。长夜漫漫不到头，翻来覆去难成眠。,动作描写：“辗转反侧”，运用动作描写，突出其内心的不平静。形象逼真地表现了主人公深深的思念之情。,参差荇菜，左右采之。窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。,琴瑟友之：弹琴鼓瑟对她表示亲近。,译文：水中长短不齐的荇菜，在船的左右采摘。文静美好的少女，我弹奏着琴瑟和你亲近。,这两句设想姑娘已经答应自己的请求，便兴奋地弹琴、鼓瑟以亲近她。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

15、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

16、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,参差荇菜，左右芼之。窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之。,芼：挑选。,钟鼓乐之：敲击钟鼓使她快乐。乐，形容词的使动用法，使快乐。,译文：水中长短不齐的荇菜，在船的左右挑选。文静美好的少女，我敲击着钟鼓

17、使你快乐。,这四句反复叠唱：描写姑娘在水边一左一右采摘、捞取荇菜，就眼前之景起兴。,这两句设想与女子结婚时鼓乐齐鸣的欢乐场面，表现男子的强烈愿望。,诗人思想感情变化的过程：,渴望与追求,欢聚和成亲,忧思与烦恼,幻想,受挫,关雎,第一章：爱慕,第二章：思念,第三章：愿望,追求爱情,窈窕淑女,君子好逑,寤寐思服,辗转反侧,琴瑟友之,钟鼓乐之,结构梳理,联想到爱情真诚（起兴）,苦闷与焦灼（实写）,和谐与欢乐（虚写）,关雎写一个男子对女子的思念、追求的过程，写求之不得的焦虑和幻想求而得之的喜悦，反映了古代劳动人民对美好爱情的向往和执着的追求。,主旨概括,1.双声叠韵。用双声叠韵的联绵词来增强诗歌音调的

18、和谐美和描写人物的生动性。如“窈窕”，是叠韵；“参差”，是双声；“辗转”，既是双声又是叠韵。用各类词语修饰动作，如“辗转反侧”；摹拟形象，如“窈窕淑女”；描写景物，如“参差荇菜”，无不活泼逼真、声情并茂。,写法借鉴,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

19、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

20、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.偶句入韵。这种偶韵式支配着两千多年来我国古典诗歌谐韵的形式，而且全篇三次换韵，又有虚字脚“之”字不入韵，而以虚字的前一字为韵。这种在用韵方面的参差变化，极大地增强了诗歌的节奏感和音乐美。,3.起兴手法。起兴，作为诗经中经常使用的一种表现手法，就是触景生情，因事寄兴。一般用于一首诗的开头，先用一两句话写一下周围景物，以引起下面的诗句。比如这首诗写雎鸠鸣叫，让人联想到男女欢爱，引出

21、下文追求淑女的诗句。,蒹葭,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

22、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

23、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,朗读课文：,蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。溯洄从之，道阻且长。溯游从之，宛在水中央。,蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄。溯洄从之，道阻且跻。溯游从之，宛在水中坻。,蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘。溯洄从之，道阻且右。溯游从之，宛在水中沚。,蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。,蒹葭：芦苇。,白露为霜：白色的露水结成了霜。,所谓：所说的。,疏通文意：,苍苍：茂盛的样子。,伊人：那人，指所爱的人。,在水一方：在水的另一边，指对岸。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

24、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

25、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,译文：大片的芦苇青苍苍，清晨的露水变成霜。我所怀念的心上人啊，她就站在对岸河边上。,这几句营造了怎样的氛围？抒发

26、了什么感情？,开头以“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”起兴，描绘了一幅露凝霜结的凄清的晚秋图。从物象与色泽上点明了时间和环境，为全诗渲染了凄清、惆怅的气氛，抒发了主人公孤寂彷徨、幽思百结的心绪。,溯洄从之，道阻且长。溯游从之，宛在水中央。,溯洄从之：逆流而上去追寻。溯洄，逆流而上。洄，逆流。从，跟随、追寻。,阻：艰险。,溯游：顺流而下。,宛：仿佛、好像。,“溯洄”“溯游”的连用，侧面刻画了主人公追求的一往情深与执著、内心的焦急与忧愁。,译文：逆流而上去追寻她，道路艰险又漫长。顺流而下去追寻她，她好像就站在水的中央。,蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄。,萋萋：茂盛的样子。,晞：干。,湄：岸边，水与草相

27、接的地方。,这四句表现了伊人难寻。,译文：芦苇长得非常茂盛，清晨露水没有干。我所怀念的心上人啊，她就站在河的岸边。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

28、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

29、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,溯洄从之，道阻且跻。溯游从之，宛在水中坻。,道阻且跻：路又险又高。阻，险。跻，高。,坻：水中的高地。,译文：逆流而上去追寻她，道路艰险又难攀登。顺流而下去追寻她，她好像站在水中的高地上。,这几句描写河水苍茫浩渺、飘忽不定，虽然伊人可望不可即，但主人公并没有因此放弃，仍执著追求，这两句强烈地表现了主人公的相思之情。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

30、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

31、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘。,采采：茂盛鲜明的样子。,未已：没有完，这里指还没有干。,译文：芦苇长得非常茂盛，清晨的露水还没有完。我所怀念的心上人啊，她就站

32、在河那边。,涘：水边。,溯洄从之，道阻且右。溯游从之，宛在水中沚。,右：向右迂曲。,沚：水中的小块陆地。,译文：逆流而上去追寻她，道路艰险又弯曲。顺流而下去追寻她，她好像站在水中的陆地上。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

33、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

34、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,“蒹葭苍苍”“蒹葭萋萋”“蒹葭采采”,重章叠句：采用重章叠句的手法，更显韵味绵长。一再“溯洄”“溯游”，几度寻踪求索，不避险阻，可谓情真意切。,蒹葭,反复咏叹,在水一方,伊人难求,结构梳理,伊人,溯洄从之道阻且长,溯游从之宛在水中央,在水之湄,溯洄从之道阻且跻,溯游从之宛在水中坻,在水之涘,溯洄从之道阻且右,溯游从之宛在水中沚,蒹葭是一首情景相生的爱情诗。通过对实际情景的描写和对想象、幻想的描述，淋漓尽致地

35、表达了主人公对伊人可望不可即的苦恼和惆怅。,主旨概括,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

36、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

37、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.反复咏叹，凸显感情。蒹葭三章采用重章叠句的形式，反复写“可望而不可即”的渴慕深情，但在重章复沓中景物有变化，感情也有发展，这样就显得富于变化而无呆滞之弊。诗篇语言质朴，接近于当时的口语，但于质朴中又有蕴味，使人深感其朴素之美。,写法借鉴,2.虚实结合，想象丰富。诗中实写蒹葭、小洲、河流等，而所谓“伊人”则是虚写。每章都是先写秋景，写路远难寻心上人，结尾却用“宛在”一转，似乎“她”就在前面，用想象描绘出了他对恋人的强烈思慕渴求之情。,古今异义,左右流之（古义：捞取 今义：流动）道阻且右（古义：艰险 今义：阻挡）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

38、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

39、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,左右流之,道阻且右,左右采

40、之,蒹葭采采,（名词，右边）,（动词，采摘）,（形容词，茂盛鲜明的样子）,一词多义,（动词，向右迂曲）,词类活用,左右流之（名词做状语，在左右两边）琴瑟友之（琴瑟，名词做动词，弹琴鼓瑟。）（友，名词做动词，向某人表示亲近）钟鼓乐之（使动用法，使快乐）,关雎和蒹葭二者的风格和表现手法有何不同？,深入探究,关雎一诗重在“叙事”，可以看出主人公从爱上“窈窕淑女”到追求她，追求不到又在幻想中得到她这样一条线索。蒹葭没有一个明确故事，只选一个场景。第二、三章是第一章的反复咏叹。凸显追寻的艰险和主人公的执著。蒹葭比关雎情感韵味更浓郁。,在艺术手法上，蒹葭比关雎“兴”的特点更突出。“蒹葭”“水”“伊人”交相

41、辉映，浑然一体，用作比兴的事物与所要描绘的对象形成了一个完整的艺术世界。“朦胧”和“距离”正是这首诗的动人之处。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

42、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

43、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,课后习题参考答案,一 诗经多采用重章叠句的形式，即上下句或上下章基本相同，只是更换其中的几个字，造成回环往复的表达效果。选择本课中的一首诗，做具体分析。,诗经章法形式的重要特征就是重章叠句、反复咏唱，也就是一首诗由若干章构成，章与章之间字句基本相同，只对应的变换少数字词，反复咏唱，重章复唱的形式，又称为叠咏体，是民歌中常用的样式。,这一方面因为民歌所要表达的情感是单纯而深挚的，只有重要的反复咏唱才能充分抒情达意；另一方面是因为民歌是口头传唱的，这种形式便于记忆和传诵。如“蒹葭苍苍，

44、白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。溯洄从之，道阻且长。溯游从之，宛在水中央。蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄。溯洄从之，道阻且跻。溯游从之，宛在水中坻。”,二 诗经经常使用比、兴手法。比，即比喻；兴，指先说别的事物，引出所吟咏的对象。诵读这两首诗，看看哪些诗句使用了比、兴手法，并举例分析。,比、兴是诗经的两种表现手法。比：以此喻彼地打比方，使抽象的事理具体化。兴：就是由此及彼，由物及情，触景生情。如关雎中用“关关雎鸠，在河之洲”，借眼前景以兴起下文的“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”。同时关雎和鸣，也比喻男女求偶或男女间和谐恩爱。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

45、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

46、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,三 蒹葭一诗没有直接诉说主人公的思念之情，但其思念却绵远悠长；没有直接描

47、写“伊人”，但其身影却无处不在。说说这首诗是怎样达到这种效果的。,所谓“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”“蒹葭凄凄，白露未晞”“蒹葭采采，白露未已”，刻画的是一片秋水岸边凄清的秋天景色，描绘了一幅秋苇苍苍、,白露茫茫、寒霜浓重的清凉景色，暗衬出诗人此时此景的心情，又暗寓了诗人此时困于愁思苦想之中的凄惋心境，这样写把暮秋特有的景色与人物委婉惆怅的相思感情交铸在一起，未道一声思念而思念之情全然展现。“伊人”指诗人朝思暮想的意中人。眼前本来是秋景寂寂，秋水漫漫，什么也没有，可由于牵肠,挂肚的思念，他似乎遥遥望见意中人就在水的那一边，于是想去追寻她，以期欢聚。可她一会儿在岸边，一会在水中央，真是如同在幻景中、在梦

48、境中。诗人坚信这是真实的，不惜一切努力和艰辛去追寻她，可望而不可及，似真不真，似假不假，因而她兀自在水边徘徊往复，神魂不安。一幅朦胧的意境，一种痴迷的心情，使整个诗篇蒙上了一片迷惘与感伤的情调。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

49、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

50、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,四 诗经中的诗多是四字一句，两字一顿，各章还常常重复咏唱。朗读并背诵这两首诗，感受其节奏和韵律。,诗经的句式，以四言为主，四句独立成章，其间杂有二言至八言不等。二节拍的四言句带有很强的节奏感，是构成诗经整齐韵律的基本单位。,四字句节奏鲜明而略显短促，重章叠句和双声叠韵读来又显得回环往复，节奏舒卷徐缓。诗经重章叠句的复沓结构，不仅便于围绕同一旋律反复咏唱，而且在意义表达和修辞上，也具有很好的效果。,五