神经科重症监护室感染的控制王宁.ppt
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1、神经科重症监护室感染的控制,首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科 王 宁,主要内容,NICU在神经科的地位NICU感染的面临的严峻形势NICU呼吸道感染的危险因素感染严重影响神经科患者预后NICU的病原学NICU呼吸道感染的诊断NICU呼吸道感染的治疗,重症监护室是神经科重要组成部分,神经科重症监护室(neurological intensive care unit,NICU)脑出血是神经科的急症、重症,具有较高的死亡率和致残率据估计约8 一10的急性卒中患者需要重症监护,B.Indredavik,F.Bakke,;S.A.Slrdahl,et al.Stroke,1998,29(5):895899,
2、NICU治疗显著提高长期生活质量,卒中5年后Nottingham健康量表(NHP)评分,一项随机、对照研究,220例患者分为NICU组及普通病房组,NHP评分,B.Indredavik,F.Bakke,;S.A.Slrdahl,et al.Stroke,1998,29(5):895899,NICU治疗显著提高长期生活质量,TABLE 1.The Mean/Median Scores and Proportion of Patients With a Score of 30 on FAI for Stroke Unit and General Wards Patients Assessed 5
3、Years After Stroke,*Percentages were calculated from patients alive after 5 years:in the stroke unit(SU)group,45 patients;in the general wards(GW)group,32 patients.,B.Indredavik,F.Bakke,;S.A.Slrdahl,et al.Stroke,1998,29(5):895899,NICU感染形势严峻,脑卒中患者感染发生率,Bruce Ovbiagele,MD,et al.Journal of Stroke and C
4、erebrovascular Diseases,2006;5(15):209-213,11家医院,663例缺血性脑卒中患者,住院期感染发生率,感染率%,11家医院间感染率不同,变化范围为肺炎:0-27%;泌尿系感染:5-22%,脑卒中相关性肺炎,脑卒中相关性肺炎(stroke associated pneumonia,SAP)是急性脑卒中后常见并发症,脑卒中患者有7-22%的因并发肺炎而使得病程变得复杂,Langhorne P,et al.Stroke 2000;31:1223-9.,SAP在NICU的发生率,1.Ruediger Hilker.MD,et al.Stroke,2003;34:
5、975-9812.Uwe Walter,et al.J Neurol(2007)254:13231329,124例NICU急性脑卒中患者,检测有病原的SAP发生率为,与既往已发表的文献中的普通ICU发生率相当1,236例NICU急性缺血性脑卒中患者SAP的发生率为,21%,21.6%2,The types and rates of ICU acquired infections per 100 patients admitted and per 1000 patient days,UTI:Urinary tract infection;PBSI:primary bloodstream infe
6、ction;STI:soft tissue infection,J.Infect.Dis.2007;60:8791,NICU呼吸道感染的危险因素,NICU患者发生SAP的危险因素,显著增加脑卒中相关性肺炎(SAP)发生RR值的危险因素,Ruediger Hilker.MD,et al.Stroke,2003;34:975-981,SAP的临床危险因素,R Dziewas,et al.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:852856.,NICU感染发生率较普通病房更高,钱树星,龙军,等.中华神经医学杂志,2006,10(5):1050-1052,总的感染发
7、生率%,Infection and Risk of Ischemic Stroke Differences Among Stroke Subtypes A.Paganini-Hill,E.Lozano,G.Fischberg,et al.,ResultsInfections,either total or specific,were not found more frequently in cases than controls.However,patients with a recent respiratory tract infection suffered more often from
8、 large-vessel atherothromboembolic or cardioembolic stroke than did patients without infection(48%vs 24%,P0.07).ConclusionsOur results suggest that respiratory tract infection may act as a trigger and increase the risk of large-vessel and/or cardioembolic ischemic stroke,especially in those without
9、vascular risk factors.,Stroke.2003;34:452-457,感染对NICU患者预后的影响,感染严重影响脑卒中患者预后,S.Aslanyana,C.J.Weir,et al.European Journal of Neurology,2004,11:4953,脑卒中感染患者第7天时亚组Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,SAP显著增加住院期间患者病死率,死亡率%,P0.05,RR:3.3,Ruediger Hilker.MD,et al.Stroke,2003;34:975-981,124例NICU急性脑卒中患者住院期间死亡率,SAP显著增加随访期间患者死亡率,P0
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- 关 键 词:
- 神经科 重症 监护 感染 控制
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