电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一单元课件.ppt
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1、Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Electric Circuits,电路基本理论,current situation 现状,目前形势;现况 current status 当前状态;目前状况 current state 现行状态;初速电流状态 electric current 电流 direct current 直流;电直流电 alternating current(AC)交流电current density 电流密度;扩散(弥漫)流密度 eddy current 涡流;电学涡电流 tidal current 潮流 constant current 恒定电流 current
2、transformer n.电流变换器 leakage current 电泄漏电流 high current 电流过高;高强度电流 current control 电流控制;日常检查 welding current 焊接电流,currentadj:现在的;流通的;通用的;最近的n.(水,气,电)流;趋势;涌流,currentn.(水,气,电)流;趋势;涌流,1.a flow of electricity through a conductor the current was measured in amperes 2.a steady flow(usually from natural cau
3、ses)the raft floated downstream on the current 3.dominant course(suggestive of running water)of successive events or ideas the current of history,low voltage 低电压 output voltage 输出电压 voltage stability 电压稳定;电压稳定度 input voltage 输入电压;工作电压 dc voltage 直流电压;直羚压 rated voltage 化额定电压 voltage control 电压控制 volt
4、age regulator 稳压器;调压器 voltage source n.电压电源 supply voltage 电源电压;供给电压 voltage drop 电压降落 ac voltage 交流电压;交羚压 voltage transformer 电压互感器;电压变量器 constant voltage 恒定电压;定压 voltage regulation 稳压;电压调整;电压变动率 working voltage 工作电压;工诅压;操作电压 breakdown voltage 电击穿电压 medium voltage 中压 applied voltage 外加电压,Voltage n.
5、:电压,voltagen.the rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit;expressed in volts2.the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts,variableadj.变量的;可变的;易变的,多变的;变异的,生物 畸变的 n.数 变量;可变物,可变因素 比较级more variable 最高级most var
6、iable,chargen.费用;电荷;掌管;控告;命令;负载 vt.使充电;使承担;指责;装载;对索费;向冲去 vi.充电;控告;索价;向前冲;记在账上,control circuit 控制电路 integrated circuit 集成电路 circuit design 电路设计 circuit board 电路板;线路板 short circuit 短路;漏电 circuit breaker 电断路器 electric circuit 电路(等于circuit)interface circuit 接口电路 main circuit 主电路;主回路;昼路,circuitn.电子 电路,回路
7、;巡回;一圈;环道 vi.环行 vt.绕回环行,equivalent circuit 等效电路 electronic circuit 电子线路,电子电路 digital circuit 数字电路 circuit diagram 电路图;线路图 closed circuit 闭合线路,闭合电路 drive circuit 驱动电路;激励电路 magnetic circuit 磁路 analog circuit 模拟电路;类比电路,an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow,electronn.电
8、子an elementary particle with negative charge,positive chargeadj.积极的;数 正的,医化学 阳性的;确定的,肯定的;实际的,真实的;绝对的 n.正数;摄 正片 比较级more positive 最高级most positive negative chargeadj.数 负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的 n.否定;负数;摄 底片 vt.否定;拒绝,electromotive force 电磁 电动势,potential difference n.物 势差,物 位差,电位差,电势差,Work n.工作;物 功;产品;操作;职业;行为;工厂;
9、文学、音乐或艺术作品 vt.使工作;操作;经营;使缓慢前进 vi.工作;运作;起作用,power n.功率;力量;能力;政权;势力;数 幂 vt.激励;供以动力;使有力量 vi.快速前进 adj.借影响有权势人物以操纵权力的(physics)the rate of doing work;measured in watts(=joules/second),instantaneous power 电子 瞬时功率,resistor n.电 电阻器 an electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current,capacitor n.
10、电 电容器 an electrical device characterized by its capacity to store an electric charge,source n.来源;水源;原始资料,inductor n.感应器;授职者;圣职授予的人 an electrical device(typically a conducting coil)that introduces inductance into a circuit,Section 1 Current and Voltage,Two variables u(t)and i(t)are the most basic con
11、cepts in an electric circuit,they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuit.,电压和电流是电路里的两个基本概念,他们描述了电路中的各种关系.,Section 1 Current and Voltage,We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental building blocks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electron
12、s,protons,and neutrons.,由基础物理我们知道,所有物质都是由原子组成的,而且每个原子包括电子、质子和中子。,Section 1 Current and Voltage,When a conducting wire is connected to a battery(a source of electromotive force),the charges are compelled to move;positive charges move in one direction while negative charges move in the opposite direct
13、ion.This motion of charges creates electric current.,当一个电池(电源)与导线相连时,电荷被迫运动。正电荷朝一个方向运动而负电荷向着相反的方向运动。电荷的运动产生可电流。,Section 1 Current and Voltage,Although we now know that current in metallic conductors is due to negatively charged electrons,we will follow the universally accepted convention that curren
14、t is the net flow of positive charges.,尽管现在我们知道金属导体中的电流是由带负电的电子产生的,我们依然遵循电流是正电荷的流动这个普遍公认的约定。,Section 1 Current and Voltage,Current direction and voltage polarity play a major role in determining the sign of power.It is therefore important that we pay attention to the relationship between current i a
15、nd voltage u in Fig.1-3(a).,电流方向和电压极性决定了功率符号。因此,需要关注图(1-3)a中电压u与电流i的关系。,Grammar Features,客观性(Objective)、准确性(accuracy)和精练(conciseness)。,(1)广泛使用被动语态,(2)广泛使用非谓语形式,(3)省略句使用频繁,(4)It句型和祈使句使用频繁,(5)复杂长句使用频繁,(6)后置形容词短语作定语多,语法特点,(1)广泛使用被动语态,Grammar Features,主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程,在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断;,中心是客观现象及事物本身,
16、而非动作的发出者,把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置,既能突出中心,又能吸引读者的注意。,(客观性),1)Electricity can be measured in amount and quality.,电可以用数量和质量来度量。,2)Instrument transformers are installed on the high-voltage equipment.,互感器安装在高压设备上,语法特点,Grammar Features,3)Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants.,电能是在发电站
17、或发电厂产生的,4)The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit.,这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程,以便读出期望的数值。,语法特点,Grammar Features,(2)广泛使用非谓语形式,非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词,形容词或副词作用,动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。,动名词,用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句,The signal should be filtered before it is amplified.,2)An
18、object becomes hot.It is placed in the sun.,Once being placed in the sun,an object becomes hot.,物体放置在太阳下会变热。,The signal should be filtered before being amplified.,放大信号前,应先对其进行滤波,(精炼),语法特点,Grammar Features,3)We must do various experiments before a new electronic product is designed.,Before designing
19、a new electronic product we must do various experiments.,在设计一个新的电子产品之前,我们必须做各种实验,语法特点,Grammar Features,用动名词短语做主语,1)Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.,改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法,2)Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.,传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动,语法特点,Gra
20、mmar Features,分词,过去分词短语替代从句中的被动语态 现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态,1)The power supply,which is shown in block-diagram in Fig.1,is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.,图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。,语法特点,Grammar Features,2)A three-phase
21、 circuit,as it was pointed out above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,A three-phase circuit,as pointed out above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.,正如上面所指出的那样,三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。,3)The transistor,which is working with correctly polarities,can work as an amp
22、lifier.,The transistor working with correctly polarities can work as an amplifier.,工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管,作用就像放大器。,语法特点,Grammar Features,不定式,用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能的从句或语句,(1)The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied.,The capacity of indi
23、vidual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.,单台发电机的容量越来越大,目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。,(2)What does a fuse do?It protects a circuit.,The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.,保险的作用就是保护电路。,语法特点,Grammar Features,(3)省略句使用频繁,省略成分:状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语;定语从句中的关系代词which和t
24、hat、从句中的助词等;还常用介词短语替代从句。,1)If it is possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,If possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.,2)As illustrated in Fig.1,there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.,As in Fig.1,there is a feedback elemen
25、t in the closed-loop system.,就像图1所示的那样,这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。,可能的话,这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。,(精炼),语法特点,Grammar Features,3)The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system which has two circuits in it.,The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system with two circuits in it.,这个装置
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