淋巴细胞成熟与抗原受体基因的表达.ppt
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1、第13章 淋巴细胞成熟与抗 原受体基因的表达Lymphocyte Maturation&Antigen Receptor Expression,免疫细胞(immunocytes)凡参与免疫应答或与免疫应答有关的细胞包括:淋巴细胞单核巨噬细胞抗原递呈细胞粒细胞、肥大细胞、血小板等,淋巴细胞T淋巴细胞B淋巴细胞NK细胞免疫活性细胞(immunocompetent cell,ICC)T、B细胞均有特异性抗原受体,接受抗原刺激后能发生活化、增殖和分化,产生特异性免疫应答,故称免疫活性细胞,第一节 B细胞成熟过程 B cell maturation,骨髓内成熟 骨髓外成熟,B细胞因在骨髓(bone ma
2、rrow)或禽类法氏囊(bursa of Fabricius)中分化成熟而得名,简称B细胞,The discovery of B cell immunity,1957-Bruce Glick,Ohio State UniversityStudies on the function of the a lymphoid organ in the cloacal region of the chicken the bursa of Fabricius,Bursectomy no apparent effect,None of the bursectomised chickens made anti-
3、Salmonella antibodies,Bursa was the organ where antibody producing cells developed Antibody producing cells were thereafter called B cells,Origin of B cells and organ of B cell maturation,After birth,development continues in the bone marrow,B cell development starts in the foetal liver,起源:胎儿期胎肝和骨髓出生
4、后骨髓 两阶段:骨髓内成熟(抗原非依赖期)骨髓外成熟(抗原依赖期),一、骨髓内成熟过程,1、骨髓微环境和B细胞成熟2、B细胞成熟的分期3、未成熟自身反应性B细胞的阴性选择4、Ig基因重排,1、骨髓微环境和B细胞成熟,B细胞成熟四阶段祖B细胞(pro B cells)前B细胞(pre B cells)未成熟B细胞(immature B cells)成熟B细胞(mature B cells),1、骨髓微环境和B细胞成熟,骨髓基质细胞提供微环境,Early pro-B,Cytokines and cell-cell contacts at each stage of differentiation
5、are different,Late pro-B,Pre-B,Cytokines and cell-cell contacts at each stage of differentiation are different,Bone marrow stromal cell,Maturing B cells,B,B,Stromal cell,2、B细胞成熟的分期,四阶段:祖B细胞前B细胞未成熟B细胞成熟B细胞主要事件:Ig基因重排阴性选择,3、阴性选择(negative selection),发生于未成熟B细胞若mIgM与基质细胞上的多价自身抗原结合,发生交联而致未成熟B细胞凋亡(apoptosi
6、s)若mIgM与单价可溶性自身抗原结合,引起自身反应性B细胞无能(anergy)通过阴性选择的未成熟B细胞继续发育为成熟B细胞(表达mIgM和mIgD),Negative selection-Apoptosis,Immature B cell recognisesMULTIVALENTself Ag,Clonal deletion by apoptosis,Y,Y,Y,Y,Anergic B cell,IgD normal IgM low,Immature B cell recognisessoluble self AgNo cross-linking,IgM,IgD,IgD,IgD,Nega
7、tive selection-Anergy,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Y,Mature B cellexported to theperiphery,Y,Y,Immature B cell doesnt recognise anyself Ag,B,Negative selection-Mature B cells,Binding to self molecules in the bone marrow can lead to the death or inactivation of immature B cells,4、Ig基因重排(gene rearrangement),Ig的基因结构(胚系基因
8、)链基因-2号染色体 链基因-22号染色体 H链基因-14号染色体 轻链基因分为V、J、C三组基因片段重链基因分为V、D、J、C四组基因片段无功能,不表达,The numbers of functional gene segments for the V regions of human heavy and light chains,Ig的基因重排(Ig gene rearrangement)B细胞成熟过程中,Ig基因片段经重排后方能表达为功能性的Ig重链基因重排轻链基因重排等位排斥和同种型排斥,V,Germline,DH-JH joining,VH-DHJH joining,V,Germli
9、ne,VL-JL joining,Heavy chain rearrangement,VHDHJH-CH joining,VLJL-CLjoining,Light chain rearrangement,DJ,编码重链,VDJ(V基因),VDJC,Splicing of IgM and IgD RNA,Two types of mRNA can be made simultaneously in the cell by differential usage of alternative polyadenylation sites and splicing of the RNA,VJ(V基因)V
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- 淋巴细胞 成熟 抗原 受体 基因 表达
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