预防静脉曲张出血—非选择性β受体阻滞剂的.ppt
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1、预防静脉曲张出血非选择性受体阻滞剂的使用,主要内容,作用机制,门静脉血流量减少,阻断2受体血管平滑肌受体占主导,内脏血管收缩,阻断1受体心率下降,心脏收缩力下降,门静脉压力降低,非选择性受体阻滞剂,临床疗效,许多临床研究表明非选择性beta受体阻滞剂预防肝硬化门脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张的病人初次及再次曲张静脉破裂出血有效。,1.Propranolol in the prevention of first upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal va
2、rices.NEJM 1987;317:856-861.2.Nadolol can prevent the first gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotics:a prospective,randomized study.HEPATOLOGY 1988;8:6-9.3.Nadolol for prophylaxis of gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.A randomized trial.J Hepatology 1988;7:118-125.4.The Italian Mult
3、icenter Project for Propranolol in Prevention of Bleeding.Propranolol prevents first gastrointestinal bleeding in non-ascitic cirrhotic patients.Final report of a multicenter randomized trial.J Hepatology 1989;9:75-83.5.Evolving consensus in portal hypertension report of the Baveno IV consensus work
4、shop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension.J Hepatol.2005;43:167176.,近几年的研究发现,预防静脉曲张发生无效“Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis”213 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension(minimal hepatic venous pressure gradient HVPG of 6 mm Hg)
5、,NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2005;353(21):2254-2261,Timolol(108),Placebo(105),结局事件为胃底食管静脉曲张或胃底食管静脉曲张破裂出血,胃镜及HVPG(肝静脉压力梯度)每年一次,中位随访时间为54.9月。结局事件发生率在timolol组及placebo组之间差异无统计学意义(39%和40%,P=0.89),腹水、肝性脑病、肝移植及死亡的发生率之间的差异也无统计学意义。治疗组严重不良反应发生率高于安慰剂组,临床疗效,预防微小静脉曲张发展有效“A placebo-controlled clinical trial o
6、f nadolol in the prophylaxis of growth of small esophageal varices in cirrhosis”161 patients with cirrhosis and small esophageal varices(F1 according to the classification of Beppu et al.)without previous bleeding were enrolled.,Gastroenterology,2004;127(2):476-484,nadolol(83),Placebo(78),Nadolo剂量调整
7、至降低心率25%,平均剂量为62 25mg/d。中位随访时间为36月。每年行内镜检查1次。结局事件为微小曲张静脉(F1)发展为大的曲张静脉(F2orF3)。Nadolol组及placebo组结局事件发生率差异有统计学意义(20%和51%,P 0.001)。食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血率前者也低于后者(P=0.02)。但生存率无差异。不良反应事件发生前者多于后者(9vs1,P=0.01),临床疗效(一级预防),预防肝硬化初次食管胃底静脉曲张破裂疗效低于套扎“Randomized study comparing banding and propranolol to prevent initial va
8、riceal hemorrhage in cirrhotics with high-risk esophageal varices”62位肝硬化高危型食管胃底静脉曲张无出血史的病人随机分为两组,Gastroenterology,2005;128(4):870-881,propranolol(31),EVL(31),propranolol剂量调整至降低心率 25%,EVL组每月行套扎直至曲张静脉消失。中位随访时间为15月。结局事件内镜证实的曲张静脉出血或严重并发症需终止治疗。结局事件发生率前者高于后者(6/31 vs 0/31;P=.0098),出血率前者也高于后者(4/31 vs0/31;P=
9、.0443)死亡率也是前者高于后者(4/31 vs 0/31;P=.0443;),临床疗效(一级预防),预防肝硬化初次食管静脉曲张破裂疗效低于套扎“Meta-analysis:endoscopic variceal ligation for primary prophylaxis of oesophageal variceal bleeding”,Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;2:526535AlimentPharmacolTher 2005;21:347361.,17项研究比较了beta受体阻滞剂于套扎预防初次出血中的疗效:表明后者优于前
10、者,生存率无差异。,临床疗效(二级预防),预防胃底曲张静脉再出血疗效低于内镜下注入粘连剂“Endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection versus beta-blocker for secondary prophylaxis of gastric variceal bleed:a randomised controlled trial”胃底食管静脉曲张病人消除食管静脉曲张或单独胃底静脉曲张病人有胃底静脉曲张出血史的随机分为2组。,Gut 2010;59:729735,beta-blocker(34),cyanoacrylate injection(33),中位随访时间
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- 关 键 词:
- 预防 静脉曲张 出血 选择性 受体 阻滞剂
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