形容词和副词的用法.ppt

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1、Unit 2 形容词和副词,形容词和副词,1概述；形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词类。形容词主要修饰名词和代词，副词主要修饰动词，形容词或其他副词，有时也可以修饰全句。2.形容词的句法功能，构成，在句子的作用，位置。3.副词的分类，构成，在句子中的作用，位置。,4.形容词和副词的原级，比较级，最高 级，无比较级的形容词和副词。5.倍数的表示法,一.形容词的构成,1.本身即为形容词的词（red,glad,nice,beautiful）2.由“名词y”构成sunsunny fogfogy windwindy rainrainy 3.加后缀构成（如-able,-ent,-en,-al）comfort

2、comfortable educationeducationalgold golden differ different,4.“名词ly”构成 friend-friendly kind-kindly5.复合形容词的构成方法，注；所谓复合形容词，即两个或两个以上的词构成一个词，最常见的构成方法有以下几种；,六、复合形容词的构成,六、复合形容词的构成,二.形容词的句法功能,1.作定语（修饰名词、代词）He is a good swimmer.2.作表语 Your advice is useful3.作宾补He found the door opened,4.作主语或宾语有些形容词前加定冠词（the

3、），就有了名词的性质，表示一类人或事物。如果做主语，表达具体概念，谓语动词用复数，表达抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。The old are respected here and thereThe beautiful is not always the good,5.作伴随状语Tired and hot,we had to stop to have a break.He returned to his hometown,safe and sound.,三.形容词的位置,（一）单个形容词的位置.形容词是用来修饰名词(可数与不可数，单数与复数)，常被放在名词前作定语。a red coat delicio

4、us food three interesting stories,(二)、形容词作定语后置的几种情况,1当形容词修饰不定代词one,no，any，some和every构成的复合词，如：something，anything，nothing，anyone,anybody,nobody等时。I have something important to tell you.There is something wrong with my computer.2当“形容词介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。The teacher asked me a question too difficult to a

5、nswer（介词短语）.They are the student easy to teach（不定式）.,3当两个意义相反的形容词用“both.and.，and，or或but连接在一起作定语时。The students were required to see a film both interesting and instructive.All the people on this island,young or old,are fond of music.4当long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。The door is two meters high.The r

6、oom is five meters wide.,（三）多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序,如有一个以上的形容词修饰名词，这些形容词的位置即由它们和被修饰名词的关系的密切程度来决定。一般说来，关系最密切的最靠近被修饰的名词（中心词），关系较远的离被修饰的名词也较远，但这个顺序也是有规则可循的，一般为；限定词(these，those.)数量形容(three)描绘性形容词(beautiful)大小、短,高低等形体性形容词(large，long，high)新旧(old)颜色(red)国籍(Chinese)材料(wood)用途(writing)被修饰名词(desk)。如,a beautiful white

7、Japanese military jeep a beautiful little red flower.a tall fat young man口诀；限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老。颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠。,四.形容词的用法,1.有些以a 开头的形容词只作表语，通常不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，afloat，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。The old man was alone in the house.【注】alive，alone，awake等可以用作后置

8、定语。He is the greatest poet alive.Tom was the only boy awake at that time.,以a开头的表语形容词大多不可直接用very来修饰。sound/fast asleep熟睡的 wide awake十分清醒 greatly ashamed非常羞愧的,2.下列形容词作表语时，主语通常是“事”而不是“人”，通常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语后置。(im)possible，(un)necessary，(im)probable，(in)convenient，important,如：It is not convenient to work

9、at the weekend.It is important for us to study English.It is unnecessary for you to go there,五.副词,副词的分类,2.副词的构成,本身就是副词，如now,rather,very,how等与形容词形式相同的副词，如，early,late,high,wide,deep等由“形容词ly”构成的副词 slow slowly badbadly quickquickly brave-bravely exactexactly,4、两种形式的副词 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加

10、后缀“ly”。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同，应加以分辨。close接近(指距离)closely仔细地，密切地 free免费freely自由地，自如地 deep深deeply深刻地，深入地 hard努力地hardly几乎不 wide宽阔widely广泛地 high高highly高度地 late晚、迟lately近来 near邻近nearly几乎 most最mostly主要地；绝大多数地 easy从容地easily容易地,并非以-ly结尾的都是副词dead死的deadly致命的 live活的-lively活泼的,3.副词的语法功能,作状语修饰动词Its raining heavily修饰形容

11、词You are quite rightIts a rather difficult job修饰名词，代词和数词。Nearly everybody came to the party,1.作定语，常位于所修饰词后面The meeting today is very important.The population here is very large.2.作表语，指主语的方向，方位等Is anybody in?My bedroom is upstairs.,4.副词的位置,1.时间副词，地点副词和一些方式副词放在句末，如果句中同时出现几个副词，顺序；方式地点时间He told it to me

12、 angrily at school yesterday.一些方式副词一般放于句末He closed the door quietly,.表示确切时间的副词常用于句首句末Tomorrow I will go to Beijing.I saw him yesterday.地点副词放于句末。He often come here2.频度副词一般放在行为动词前，助动词，系动词，情态动词后。She always goes to school at seven.He has never been to shanghai.,3.程度副词（enough除外一般放在被修饰的形容词，副词，动词前。This is

13、a very good bookI quite understand.She studies much harder.4.表示可能性的副词或表示真实性有多大的副词，通常不用于句末。（probably，possibly,certainly,definitely）They have probably gone there.,5.副词修饰全句时的位置,大多数修饰全句的副词可以置于句首，句中或句末，多用逗号和其他部分隔开。Indeed，I didnt know where she was.He had left,however,he still live in my heart.有些副词可以表明我们对自己正在说的话所持的态度，或起连接上下文的作用，置于句首 Actually,you are mistaken.Honestly,he is unfit for you.,Home work,Finish the paperRemember the words of unit 5 and unit 6,Thankyou,