动物生理学6消化与吸收.ppt
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1、6.6 Absorption,吸收:消化管腔内经过消化后的营养物质、水和无机盐类等透过消化管粘膜上皮进入血液和淋巴的过程。6.6.1 吸收部位和途径 Absorption of nutrients,vitamins,electrolytes,and minerals occurs almost exclusively in the small intestine.The mucosa of small intestine is arranged in a series of annular fold that are lined by finger-like villi that increa
2、se the available absorptive surface to 300 times that of the equivalent flat surface area.In the small intestine,most absorption involves an active transport system through the brush border membrane.The exception are short chain fatty acids and other small liquid-soluble molecules that traverse the
3、apical membrane by simple diffusion.,吸收的部位,主要吸收部位:小肠粘膜,为什么说小肠是吸收的主要部位?,可被吸收的小分子物质时间保证吸收面积通透性小肠运动和绒毛舒缩,吸收的机制,被动转运主动转运,营养物质和水可以两条途径进入血液或淋巴:跨细胞途径:通过绒毛柱状上皮细胞的腔面膜进入细 胞,再通过细胞底-侧面膜;旁细胞途径:物质或水通过细胞间的紧密连接,进入 细胞间隙。,6.6.2 Absorption of major nutrients in small intestine 小肠每日可吸收数百克糖,100克以上的脂肪,50100克氨基酸,50100克无机盐
4、和68L水。需要时,上述吸收量可增加数倍。Water and electrolytes Approximately 8 litter of water daily are absorbed in the small intestine,about 1.3 litter in the colon.This water is absorbed mainly by osmosis.Electrolytes are absorbed more readily from duodenum and jejunum than from ileum.Monovalent ions like Na+,K+,Cl
5、,HCO3 are absorbed more rapidly than polyvalent ones,such as Ca+and Mn+,水、无机盐和维生素的吸收,水的吸收,Na+的吸收,扩散入细胞,Na+泵出粘膜细胞,伴随水的转运。,Ca2+的吸收,主要在十二指肠吸收。主动吸收,但也有被动过程参与。酸性环境、维生素D促进钙吸收。脂肪酸、胆汁酸与钙结合形成水溶性复合物阻碍钙吸收。,Fe2+的吸收,方式:Fe2+机制:主动吸收 维生素C、胃酸促进铁吸收,转铁蛋白(transferrin,Tf)铁蛋白(ferritin,Ft),CarbohydratesComplex polysacchar
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- 动物 生理学 消化 吸收
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