初中英语语法系列-非谓语动词PPT课件.ppt

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1、,Good afternoon!,非谓语动词,非谓语动词的考点,一.总述,四.动名词的用法,二.分类,五.分词的用法,三.不定式的用法,动词,谓语动词,非谓语动词,还记得,动词第一讲时：我们将动词按形式,划分为两类,谓语动词就是能在句子中作谓语的动词（独立做谓语，或者构成复合谓语皆可）,谓语动词就是不能在句子中作谓语的动词,非谓语动词,动词不定式,动名词,现在分词,分词,过去分词,非谓语动词的特点：1.由动词构成2.在句子中不做谓语 废 话,基本形式：to+动词原形（有时可以不带to）。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化在句子中不能作谓语但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语

2、。,动词不定式,It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.与 of 连用的形容词常常用来形容“人”：good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless,polite,possibleIts very kind of you to help me.你能帮我，真好。Its clever of you to work out the maths problem.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.与 for 连用的形容词常常用来形容“物”：difficult，e

3、asy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。Its difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。,常考点注意：,动词不定式的句法功能,二：作表语动词不定式（短语）常用于系动词be的后面作表语。His work is to drive a car.My job is to feed animals.,动词不定式的句法功能,三：作宾语动词不定式（短语

4、）可以放在一些动词后面作宾语。这些动词很关键！在一些动词的后面，只允许接不定式作宾语：,后面只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：,三个希望两答应 hope，wish，want，agree，promise 两个要求莫拒绝 ask，demand，refuse 设法学会做决定 manage，learn，decide 不要假装在选择 pretend，choose 提供帮助的计划 offer，help，plan 预期失败要发生 expect，fail，happen 看似都接不定式 seem,四：不定式作宾语补足语1）不可省略to的：2）可省略to的：3）可以省可以不省的：,（1）动词后的宾补，不可以省略不定式符

5、号to的：tell/ask/want/would like/wish/like/invite/encourage/teach+sb.to do sth.I want you to go now.His parents wish her to be a teacher.,（2）动词后的宾补，需要省略不定式符号to的动词：一感 feel 二听 hear，listen to 三使 make，let，have The boy made the baby cry.四看 notice，observe，see，watch I saw him play football on the playground y

6、esterday.#注意：变为被动语态时，不定式短语从宾语补足语变为主语补足语，to还要重现到动词原形前。例：The boy made the baby cry.(主动语态省略to)The baby was made to cry by the boy.(被动语态：宾补变主补，to 要加回来),特殊短语：would rather+dohad better+do（3）.作宾补时，省略不定式符号to或不省略均可的动词：help sb.to do sth.&help sb.do sth.例：I often help my mother(to)do housework.,the food to liv

7、e _the bus to come here _the pen to write _the room to live _the knife to cut _the person to write _,on,on,with,in,with,about,五：不定式作定语,不定式作定语的基本条件,不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上必须具备以下条件之一：,1.主谓关系2.动（介）宾关系3.说明所修饰词的内容,多为抽象名词或序数词,He has a lot of work to do.,He is the right person to do it.,Its the best way to learn E

8、nglish.,主谓,动宾,说明内容,表原因（原因状语）：Im sorry to trouble you.2.表目的（目的状语）：I went to the library to learn English.,五：不定式作状语,动词不定式,表将来,表目的,表某一次具体的动作,表示将来：I have a lot of work to do.2.表示某一次具体的动作：I like dancing,but I dont like to dance today.3.表示目的：To learn English well,you must practise more.,先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分

9、。1To learn a foreign language is difficult.2 His wish is to be a driver.3Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.4The teacher told us to do morning exercises.5I have nothing to say.6They went to see their aunt.7Its easy to see their aunt.8I dont know what to do next.9I heard them make a noise.,1“to”是不定式符号还

10、是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。agree to，object to，close to,come to,lead to,refer to,equal to,familiar to,point to,thank to,devote to,next to,belong to,be(get)used to 习惯于,look forward to 渴望,pay attention to 注意,get down to 开始认真(做某事),devote oneself to 献身于2 带to 还是不带toI have no choice but to give in.I cannot do anyth

11、ing but give in.I saw him enter the classroom.（但是：He was seen to enter the classroom.）,不定式的常考点：,3、不定式的否定形式：not to do sth.例如：Tell him _ the window.A.to shut not B.not to shut C.to not shut D.not shut答案：B.tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为tell sb not to do sth.4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词 when,where,ho

12、w,why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1)He doesnt know how to use the machine.(不定式作宾语)(2)How to use the machine is a question.(不定式作主语)(3)The question is when to go there.(不定式作表语),不定式的常考点：,5、不定式的特殊句型：1）tooto：太而不能He is too excited to speak.2）enough to do：足以做 The child is old enough to go t

13、o school.3）Why not+动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不?Why not take a holiday?4）so as(not)to do:表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.,不定式的常考点：,动名词动词的-ing形式用作动名词：由动词原形加-ing构成 它在句中起名词的作用 可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。,动 名 词,动名词的特点：,抽象 习惯性,His hobby is painting.,Im proud of being a Chinese.,习惯,抽象,Learning Eng

14、lish is very difficult.学英语非常困难。His job is driving a bus.他的工作是开车。I enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。I have got used to living in the country.我已经习惯了住农村。Take some sleeping tablets,and you will soon fall asleep.吃点安眠药，你很快就会入睡。,语态,时态,动名词的时态和语态,1）动名词作主语Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的运动。2）动名词作表语My favorite sport is swim

15、ming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。,动名词的句法功能（4点）,3）动名词作宾语Jim dislikes eating chocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。She cant help crying at a sad movie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。说明 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：admit,finish,forgive,give up,mind,practise,be good at,do well in,cant help,keep on,feel like,be used to,look forward to,prefer to,等。,动名词的句法功能,有些动词

16、只能接动名词作宾语,（动宾）如:appreciate,avoid,consider(考虑),enjoy,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practice,suggest(建议)还有些短语动词以一介词结尾,也只能接动名词作宾语(尤其是介词to易出错):（介宾）如:depend on,insist on,feel like,be used to(习惯于),look forward to,devote to,pay attention to.,动名词的句法功能,有些动词只能接动名词作宾语(31个)：放弃享受可原谅 give up，enjoy，excuse/pardon/f

17、orgive保持练习必完成 keep，practice，finish鼓励建议要考虑 encourage，advise/suggest，consider承认想象的感觉 admit，imagine，feel错过后悔要介意 miss，regret，mind不由自主去承受 cant help，stand理解冒险可避免 understand，risk，avoid开始着手要注意 get down to，pay attention to逃跑还要习惯于 escape，be(get)used to还有：be good at 擅长 do well in 在某方面干得好 keep on 继续做某事 feel lik

18、e 想做(某事)look forward to 盼望，期待，预期,4）动名词作定语She is in the reading room.(阅览室)We should improve our teaching methods.(教学方法),动名词的句法功能,1Its no use talking with him：Its no good speaking to them like that.2Theres some difficulty(in)doing 在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:trouble,problem,fun,pleasure,a good time,a h

19、ard time,动名词的常用句型,1下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义相同的，begin to do begin doing start to do start doingcontinue to do continue doing,动名词的常考点,2下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forget to do 忘记要做某事forget doing 忘记做了某事remember to do记住要做某事remember doing 记着做了某事mean to do 有意要做某事mean doing 意味着做了某事regret to do 对要做的事表示后悔regret doing

20、对做过去的事后悔cant help to do不能帮助做某事cant help doing 情不自禁做某事,try to do 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do 学着去做某事learn doing 学会做某事stop to do 停下来去做（另一件事）stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 接着做（另外一件事）go on doing 继续做某事used to do 过去做某事be（get）used to doing 习惯做某事,3 动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：His coming made us very h

21、appy.4 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：need doing,want doing,require doing例如：This room needs painting.这个房间需要粉刷。,还记得吗？实义动词 Need：1.need to do sth.需要做某事 I need to do my homework.我需要做我的作业。2.need doing sth.需要（被）做某事 The flower needs watering.花需要（被）浇水。,1 The story is interesting.Im interested in it.这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。2.This

22、is a moving film.这是一部动人的电影。3.The secretary worked late into the night,preparing a long speech for the president.秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。4.Given more time,Ill do it well.如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。When he passed the back of the street,he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。,Participle

23、,分词 由动词原形加-ing构成现在分词 动词过去分词 可以在句子中用作定语、状语、表语、和宾语补足语。,1）分词作定语The swimming boy is Tom.(主动)Look at the broken glass.(被动)2）分词作状语3）分词作表语The film is disappointing.(特征，性质)The boy was too frightened to move.(状态),分词的句法功能（4点）,4）分词作补语（主补，宾补）Do not keep us waiting for along time.(主动关系)Hell have his hair cut aft

24、erschool.(被动关系),分词的句法功能（4点）,语态,时态,现在分词的时态和语态,过去分词的时态和语态过去分词无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化。(done),被动、完成、感到的,主动、进行、令人的,done,doing,现在分词与过去分词区别,The swimming boy is Tom.(主动、进行）the room facing south（主动）The film is disappointing.（令人的),I have a radio made in China.（被动）,Look at the broken glass.（被动、完成）,The excited peo

25、ple shouted and cheered.（感到的）,1现在分词与过去分词的区别 Do you know the woman talking to Tom?=Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.=The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed countr

26、y.,3现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别The situation in our country is encouraging.(表语)The situation in our country is encouraging the people.(现在进行时)My job is looking after the little baby.(动名词)能回答how-question 的是现在分词，能回答what-question 的动名词，即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。例如：How is the situation in our cou

27、ntry?It is encouraging.What is your job?My job is looking after the little baby.,现在分词的时态和语态：,Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go there yesterday.,Not having received his fathers letter,he decided to make a call to him.,因为没收到他父亲的来信，他决定给他打个电话。,The building being built is our new libra

28、ry.,Not having been finished,the book cant be returnedat present.,注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,1、考查非谓语动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。【考例】Its very nice pictures for me.of you to draw B.for you to draw C.for you drawin

29、g D.of you drawing,【考点诠释】,1、考查非谓语动词用作主语【考例】Its very nice pictures for me.A.of you to draw B.for you to draw C.for you drawing D.of you drawing答案：A。解析考查Its+形容词+of/for sb.+to do sth.句中it为形式主语，to do是真正的主语，当形容词是表示品质意思时，应该用of sb，其他形容词用for sb，故此题答案为A。,【考点诠释】,2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】一Its a bit cold Would you mind

30、 my _all the windows?一Do as you like，pleaseAclose B will close Cclosing Dto close,【考点诠释】,2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】一Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一Do as you like，please07淄博市Aclose B will close Cclosing Dto close 答案C 解析动词mind意为“介意”，后跟动词时，应使用ing形式。,【考点诠释】,3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。The menu has so

31、many good things!I cant decide_.what to eathow to eatwhere to eatwhen to eat,【考点诠释】,3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。The menu has so many good things!I cant decide_.what to eathow to eatwhere to eatwhen to eat答案：A。解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不能决定吃什么。”故选A。,【考点诠释】,3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。-My dad bought me a new MP4,but I

32、dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.河南课改试验区 what to usewhich one to use how to use itwhen to use it,【考点诠释】,3、考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。-My dad bought me a new MP4,but I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.河南课改试验区 what to usewhich one to use how to use itwhen to use it答案：C。解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知

33、道如何使用。”故选C。,【考点诠释】,4、考查具体词的用法China will spend about 52 billion yuan _new airports and _old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(时期)07临沂市 Arepairing;building B to build；repair Cbuilding；repairing Dto repair；build,【考点诠释】,5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进

34、行，过去分词表完成和被动。【考例】Alice asked me_another bag for her.北京市课标卷A.get B.got C.to get D.getting,【考点诠释】,5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。【考例】Alice asked me_another bag for her.北京市课标卷A.get B.got C.to get D.getting答案：C。解析 ask sbto do sth表示让某人做某事，此句话的意思为:“爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”,【考

35、点诠释】,5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.长沙swim B.to swim C.Swimming D.swam,【考点诠释】,5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.长沙swim B.to swim C.Swimming D.swam答案：B。解析考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sbto do sth表示告诉某人做某事，tell后边要加不定式，否定形式是在t

36、o前面加not，根据题意，应选B。,【考点诠释】,5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸宁helpB.to helpC.helpedD.helps-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?-It makes us _proud.包头feel B.to feelC.felt D.feeling,【考点诠释】,5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语Betty is often seen _the old man with his ho

37、usework.咸宁helpB.to helpC.helpedD.helps答案：B。解析考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役动词和see,watch,notice,hear,listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不定式必须加to。故选B。,【考点诠释】,5、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?-It makes us _proud.包头

38、feel B.to feelC.felt D.feeling答案：A。解析 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在make,let,have等使役动词和see,watch,notice,hear,listen to，look at，feel等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。故选A。,【考点诠释】,6、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】Shopping with me?Sorry.I have a lot of clothes.（南昌）Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed,【考点诠释】,6、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】Shopping with me?Sor

39、ry.I have a lot of clothes.（南昌）Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed答案:A命题立意：本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。试题解析：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选A。,【考点诠释】,6、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】Shopping with me?Sorry.I have a lot of clothes.（南昌）Ato washBwashedCwashDto be washed答案:A命题立意：本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。试题解析：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就

40、用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选A。,【考点诠释】,7、考查非谓语动词用作状语【考例】-Linda,I am very thirsty.-Lets go to the nearest supermarket some drinks,OK?重庆buy B.bought C.to buy D.buyingIn order _the word a friendly place,one must show a friendly face.乐山makes B.makingC.to make D.make,【考点诠释】,7、考查非谓语动词用作状语【考例】-Linda,I am very thirsty.

41、-Lets go to the nearest supermarket some drinks,OK?重庆buy B.bought C.to buy D.buying答案：C。解析考查不定式作目的状语的用法。句意为：“咱们去最近的超级市场买些饮料。”In order _the word a friendly place,one must show a friendly face.乐山makes B.makingC.to makeD.make答案：C。解析考查动词不定式作目的状语的特殊结构。in order to do sth.表示“为了”的意思，不定式作目的状语。故选C。,【考点诠释】,7、考

42、查非谓语动词用作状语 一There goes the bell一Its time for class.Lets stop_.福州市A talk B to talk Ctalking Dnot talk,【考点诠释】,7、考查非谓语动词用作状语 一There goes the bell一Its time for class.Lets stop_.福州市A talk B to talk Ctalking Dnot talk答案C解析 动词stop后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即：stop to do sth，也可以接动词的一ing形式作定语，即：stop doing sth。前者表示停下来(开始)做后

43、面的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了，到了上课时间，应停止交谈”可知，应选C项。,【考点诠释】,7、考查非谓语动词用作状语 一There goes the bell一Its time for class.Lets stop_.福州市A talk B to talk Ctalking Dnot talk答案C解析 动词stop后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即：stop to do sth，也可以接动词的一ing形式作定语，即：stop doing sth。前者表示停下来(开始)做后面的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了，到了上课时间，应停止交谈”可知，应选C项。,【考点诠释】,

44、1.Wed better _off our mobile phones.The meeting will start in a minute.(2007)A.to turn B.turning C.turn D.turned 2.Its time for sports.Lets _ bowling,shall we?(2006)A.go B.to go C.going D.goes 3.Tom likes cars.He enjoys _model cars of all kinds.(2005)A.collects B.collecting C.to collect D.collected

45、4.The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers_ halfway.(2005)A.stop B.to stop C.stopping D.stopped 5.Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody _bad things.(2004)A.watch B.to watch C.watching D.watches,【真题】,6.Mr Zhu,youd better _too much meat.You are already over weight,said die d

46、octor.A.not to eat B.to eat C.not eat D.eat(2003)7.Dont always make Michael _this or that.He is already a big boy,dear,Mr Bush said to his wife.（2003）A.do B.to do C.does D.did 8.If the launch（发射)in 2005 is successful,China will be the third country _its astronauts into space after Russia and the US.

47、(2002)A.send B.sends C.sending D.to send 9.Yesterday morning I got up early_ be late for the exam.(2002)A.in order to B.in order to not C.so as not to D.so as to 10.The greedy inn-keeper once made the poor hero _twice a day.(2001)A.dance B.dances C.danced D.to dance,【真题】,11.Our headmaster asked us_

48、a report on how to protect wild animals.(08)A)write B)writing C)to writeD)wrote 12、The woman feels that she should let her son _his own decision this time.（09）A)makes B)make C)to make D)making13、Susan finally became a popular singer after he practiced _for years.（09）A)sing B)to sing C)singing D)sang14、Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _ the email.（10）A)write B)to write C)writing D)wrote15.Before going to the History Museum,our teacher told us _ the public rules.（10）A)obeyB)to obeyC)obeyingD)obeyed,【真题】,