初中英语构词法ppt课件.ppt

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1、英语构词法,英语构词法主要有三种：转化、合成与派生。,英语构词法种类,另外还有截短、缩合等。,2023/9/24,1.转化:是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。,water n.水-water vt.浇水,常见的转化形式两种：动词-名词名词-动词,2023/9/24,动词-名词 stop vt.停止-n.车站love vt.爱-n.爱watch vt.观看-n.手表record vt.录音-n.纪录,2023/9/24,名词-动词 hand n.手-vt.上交seat n.座位-vt.坐nurse n.护士-vt.护理time n.时间-vt.定时，测时,2023/9/24,ship n.船-vt

2、.用船装运 head n.头-v.前进transport n.运输-vt.运输,2023/9/24,副词-动词 down adv.向下-v.放下副词-名词nowhere adv.任何地方都不-n.无处，无名的地方,2023/9/24,形容词-名词 freezing adj.冰冻的-n.冰点 solid adj.固体的,坚实的-n.固体,数词-动词 second num.第二-v.赞成-n.秒,2023/9/24,2.合成:有两个或更多的词合成一个词。class 班级+room 房间=classroom 教室,warm+heart+ed=warmhearted 热心肠的good+looking=

3、good-looking 相貌好看的,2023/9/24,hard+working=hard-working 勤劳的peace-lovingstate-ownedwell-knownready-madesightseeing,2023/9/24,3.派生:是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。,happy-unhappydevelop-development,2023/9/24,前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis-错误的+understand v.理解-misunderstand v.误解,en+large adj.大的-enlarge v.扩

4、大,2023/9/24,后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。,care v.照料-careful adj.细心的work v.工作-worker n.工人,2023/9/24,常见的前缀,2023/9/24,(A)表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive,indirect(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappear im-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m 开头的词前)il-illegal ir-irreal,irregular,2023/9/24,(B

5、).表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misjudge,misdirect(误导)(C).表示向背的前缀:pro-(亲，支持)pro-Chinese,pro-American anti-（阻止，抗）antiwar,anti-Japanese war,2023/9/24,(D).表示程度、大小的前缀super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirtunder-underground,under-developsemi-(半，部分)semicircle,20

6、23/9/24,(E).表示时间的前缀 pre-prewar post-postwar fore-(前，预先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weather forecast,2023/9/24,(F).表示方位的前缀：sub-subway,submarine inter-international,trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)translate,2023/9/24,常见的后缀,2023/9/24,1.动词变名词：-ation satisfaction,education,realization-ment development,movement,disappoi

7、ntment,2023/9/24,-al arrival,refusal-ee trainee,employee-er teacher,worker-or visitor,sailor,2023/9/24,2.形容词变名词-ness happiness,carelessness-ity ability,possibility-ism Marxism,criticism,2023/9/24,3.名词变形容词：-y windy,rainy-ish foolish,childish-some handsome,troublesome-ous dangerous,humorous-ful helpfu

8、l,careful,peaceful,2023/9/24,3.名词、形容词变动词：-ify beautify,simplify-ize realize-en quicken,widen,2023/9/24,但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义：kingdom:“职位、状态”freedomboyhood:“身份，资格”childhoodfriendship:情态状态性质身份职业技巧技 能”leadership,hardshipspoonful：构成名词mouthful(满口,一口),handful(一把),2023/9/24,4.截短:是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。telephone-phone influenza-flu.流行性感冒,2023/9/24,5.缩合:是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。,smoke and fog-smog 烟雾Test of English as a foreign language TOEFL 托福International English language test system-IELTS 雅思,2023/9/24,