公共关系概论1、2章.ppt
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1、公共关系概论,An Introduction to Public Relations,第一章 公共关系的基本问题,第一节公共关系的涵义第二节公共关系的要素第三节公共关系的工作程序,第一节公共关系的涵义,一、公共关系的定义二、公共关系的职能,一、公共关系的定义,伯内斯的定义 In 1923,Edward Bernays described the function of his fledgling public relations counseling business as one of providing“information given to the public,persuasion
2、directed at the public to modify attitudes and actions,and efforts to integrate attitudes and actions of an institution with its publics and of publics with those of that institution.”,社会学辞典的定义 In 1944,the Dictionary of Sociology defined the field as“the body of the theory and technique utilized in
3、adjusting the relationships of a subject with its publics.These theories and techniques represent applications of sociology,social psychology,economics and political science,as well as of the special skills of journalists,artists,organizational experts,advertising men,etc.to the specific problems in
4、volved in this field of activity.”,1978年墨西哥世界公关大会的定义 Public relations practice is the art and social science of analyzing trends,predicting their consequences,counseling organization leaders and implementing planned programs of action which will serve both the organizations and the publics interest.
5、,英国公关协会的定义 Public relations is a deliberate,planned,and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publics.,公共关系:职业与实务的定义 Public relations is a management function that helps to define organizational objectives and philosophy and facilitate organi
6、zational change.Public relations practitioners communicate with all relevant internal and external publics in the effort to create consistency between organizational goals and societal expectations.Public relations practitioners develop,execute,and evaluate organizational programs that promote the e
7、xchange of influence and understanding among organizations constituent parts and publics.,美国公关学会的定义 The public relations profession in servicing the legitimate interests of clients or employers is dedicated fundamentally to the goals of better mutual understanding and cooperation among the diverse g
8、roups,institutions and elements of our modern society,国际公关协会的定义 Public relations is a management function,of a continuing and planned character,through which public and private organizations and institutions seek to win and retain the understanding,sympathy and support of those with whom they are or
9、 may be concernedby evaluating public opinion about themselves,in order to correlate as far as possible their own policies and procedures,to achieve by planned and widespread information more productive cooperation and more efficient fulfillment of their common interests.,有效公共关系的定义 Public relations
10、is the planned effort to influence opinion through good character and responsible performance,based upon mutually satisfactory two-way communications.Public relations is the management function that establishes and maintains mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the publics o
11、n whom its success or failure depends.,格鲁尼格的定义 Public relations is the management of communication/relationships between an organization and its publics for the purpose of building relationship of trust with those publics.,哈洛的定义:Public relations is a distinctive management function which helps estab
12、lish and maintain mutual lines of communications,understanding,acceptance,and cooperation between an organization and its publics;involves the management of problems or issues;helps management to keep informed on and responsive to public opinion;defines and emphasizes the responsibility of managemen
13、t to serve the public interest;helps management keep abreast of and effectively utilize change,serving as an early warning system to help anticipate trends;and uses research and sound and ethical communication techniques and its principal tools.,管理职能说,雷克斯哈罗博士:“公共关系是一种独特的管理职能。它帮助一个组织建立并保持与公众之间双向的交流、理
14、解、认可与合作;它参与处理各种问题与事件;它帮助管理部门及时了解民意,并对其做出反应;,它明确并强调管理部门为公众利益服务的责任;它作为社会变化趋势的监测系统,帮助管理部门保持与社会变动同步;它把健全、正当的传播技能和研究方法作为主要的工具。”,传播说,英国著名公关学者弗兰克杰夫金斯:“公共关系就是一个组织为了达到与它的公众之间相互了解的既定目标,而有计划地采用一切向内和向外的传播沟通方式的总和。”,居延安的公共关系学:“公共关系是一个社会组织为取得与其特定公众的双向沟通和精诚合作而进行的遵循一定行为规范和准则的传播活动。”,传播管理说,美国著名公关学者詹姆斯格鲁尼格早期认为:公共关系是一种管
15、理职能,管理组织与其公众之间的传播,目的是为了建立相互信任。,廖为建的公共关系学:“传播沟通是贯穿整个公共关系的一条基线,是现代公共关系理论的精髓。”“公共关系是一门以传播学和管理学为主要依托的传播管理学或组织传播学。”,关系说,格鲁尼格后期的定义:公共关系是一种管理职能,管理组织与其公众之间的关系,目的是为了建立相互信任。,有效公共关系(第八版):“公共关系是这样一种管理功能,它建立并维护一个组织和决定其成败的各类公众之间的互利互惠关系。”,协调说,哈尔伍德L蔡尔兹:公共关系的基本职能“是按照公共利益来协调和调整我们个人和企业的行为对社会具有重要意义的那些方面。”,蔡尔兹的基本观点是:公共关
16、系的基本作用是协调或调整公共利益中组织和个人的行为。也就是说,公共关系应在协调(或调整)组织与其内外关系方面发挥作用,目的是帮助各种组织适应它所处的环境。,公关圣经主编菲利普莱斯礼:“公关的定义非常多,这不足为奇,因为公关领域牵涉到社会各个方面的事务。但为了方便起见,我们将公关定义为协助一个组织和公众相互适应。”,咨询说,国际公共关系协会1978年8月发表的墨西哥宣言:“公共关系是一门艺术和社会科学。它分析趋势、预测发展结果,向机构领导人提出建议,实行有计划的行动方案,以服务本机构和公众的共同利益。”,形象说,熊源伟主编公共关系学:“公共关系是社会组织为了塑造组织形象,通过传播、沟通手段来影响
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