高三语法总复习分词.ppt

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1、高三语法总复习,分词,分词要点,分词的形式现在分词与过去分词的区别分词的句法功能:表语、补语、定语、状语,分词的形式,现在分词和过去分词的区别,现在分词：主动 进行The news is exciting.The boy coming with us is Li Hua.I saw him talking with a foreigner.Being tired,the boy soon fell asleep.过去分词：被动 完成Im excited at the news.The boy introduced to us is Li Hua.Ive never heard the song

2、 sung before.Born into a poor family,he had only two years of school education.,现在分词和过去分词的区别,The book written by him is good.The book being written by him is good.The book to be written by him is sure to be good.（区分标志：by；分词后有无作宾语的名词）The boy writing a book is good.The boy having written many books is

3、 good.Being questioned by a police officer at the moment,he could not come to attend to you.Questioned by a police officer if he was the real owner of the car,he felt quite depressed.,一、分词的句法功能,分词可以在句中作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。,二、分词作表语的情况,现在分词作表语常表示主语的性质或所具有的特征，含有“令人”的意思；过去分词常表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到”的意思。,分词作表语的情况,

4、The book is rather boring.The day was so charming!It feels refreshing to take a bath after work.The door remained locked.He looked quite disappointed.He is not interested in research work.,分词作表语的情况,Excite interest please tire disappointsurprise move encourage frighten puzzle discourage,三、分词作定语的情况,现在

5、分词作定语现在分词作定语表示正在发生的动作或经常性的动作，而且是主动的。The sleeping child is my niece.When we got to the burning building,it was too late.They lived in a house facing the south.,三、分词作定语的情况,过去分词作定语过去分词作定语表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作或没有一定时间性的动作，通常是被动的。I have his written promise.They are problems left over by history.He is a man loved

6、 by all.,三、分词作定语的情况,3.分词作定语的位置单个的分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰词的前面；如果是分词短语，则放在所修饰词的后面。It is the most exciting news.We met a group of children returning from school.There appeared a woman dressed in green.,三、分词作定语的情况,4.注意：a developing/developed country fallen/falling leaves boiling/boiled water the book lying on th

7、e table the story happened yesterday is terrible.(that)the school built(being built,to be built)a puzzling question/puzzled motherthe surprised voice/expression/look a man seated there/a girl dressed in red,四、分词作状语的情况,现在分词作状语通常表示主语的另一个动作，与句子主语之间是主动关系，通常表示一个与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生的动作。可以作伴随、时间、原因或结果状语。2.过去分词作状

8、语常表示动作发生的背景或情况，与句子主语之间是被动关系。可以作原因、时间及条件状语。,四、分词作状语的情况,方式、伴随、附加说明状语I ran out of the room shouting.He stood there for an hour,watching the game.Filled for the moment with extraordinary strength,he raised himself completely.He came in,followed by his students.常和as if连用 He stopped as if remembering some

9、thing.,四、分词作状语的情况,时间状语Hearing the news,they jumped with joy.Be careful when crossing the street.Asked if he could answer the question,he kept silent.Seen from the hill,the town looks beautiful.when,while,once,until,unless+分词,四、分词作状语的情况,原因状语Being so poor in those days,they couldnt go to school.Not kn

10、owing her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.Influenced by his example,we did many good deeds.,四、分词作状语的情况,结果状语Her husband died,leaving her with 5 kids.They fired,killing one of our soldiers.条件状语Given more attention,these plants could have grown better.Kept in the refrigerator,the milk will sta

11、y fresh for a week.,四、分词作状语的情况,如果现在分词表示的动作先于谓语动词发生，则用现在分词的完成式。Having finished her work,she began to cook supper.Not having heard from his father for a long time,he decided to call him.,四、分词作状语的情况,generally/frankly/strictly speaking,considering,judging by/from,supposing,taking everything into account

12、,独立成分，用来解释整句话。当固定短语用。Generally speaking,houses in America are bigger than houses in this country.Judging from your accent,you must be from Scotland.Supposing we lose,what should we do?They had a heated discussion concerning certain linguistic problems.,四、分词作状语的情况,5 独立主格 构成 名（代）+分词（介短，不定式，形或副）也可 with

13、+名词+分词或其他 时间 The order given,we went out.条件 Weather permitting,we will go.原因 It being Sunday,we went out.There being no buses,we had to walk home.伴随 Book in hand,they came in.,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,动词不定式作宾语补足语在感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,find等后面可以用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示一个已经完成的动作，与句子宾语之间是主动的关系。,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语

14、,现在分词作宾语补足语在感官动词后面可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示一个正在发生的动作，与句子宾语之间是主动关系。I felt something moving across my feet.He heard someone knocking at the door.,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语表示与句子宾语之间是被动的关系。He watched the bed carried out of the room.She once heard the song sung in Japanese.,五、非谓语动词作宾语补足语,I have the car repaired.I have Tom repair the car.I have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.*I found Jane seated there.*dress station,非谓语动词,