过去分词与过去式.ppt

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1、过去分词与过去式,制作：唐璇婷,不规则动词的过去式（初二）,不规则动词的过去式,1.把动词原形中的o改为a，变成过去式。过去分词不变如：becomebecame,comecame2把动词原形中的i改为a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang sitsat，swimswam sinksank，3把重读开音节中的i改为o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，shineshone，winwon，writewrote4动词原形中的e改为o，变成过去式。如：getgot forgetforgot5动词原形中的

2、eep改为ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept，sweepswept6.动词原形中的an改为oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood,不规则动词的过去式,7改动词原形中的aw ow为ew，变成过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词show除外，showshowed）8动词原形中的eak改为oke，变成过去式。如：breakbroke，speakspoke9动词原形中的ell改为old，变成过去式。如：sellsold，telltold10以ought和aught结尾，且读

3、音是:t的过去式。如：bringbrought，buybought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught11以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould,不规则动词的过去式,12在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式，并且发生音变。如：hearhi heardh:d，sayseisaidsed，meanmi:nmeantment，dreamdreamt dremt13动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：cutcut,hithit,hurthurt,letlet，mustmust，putput，readrea

4、dred，setset14.动词的过去式有两种形式。如：dreamdreamed/dreamt learnlearnt/learned shineshone/shined smellsmelt/smelled wakewoke/waked15不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如：am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have has had，hidehid，holdheld，laylaid，leaveleft，lielay，loselost，makemade，maymig

5、ht，runran，seesaw，smellsmelt，taketook，wakewoke，wearwore,过去分词,过去分词的结构（2）,2.with/without+宾语+过去分词表示伴随情况的独立结构With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.每件事都考虑到了，我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。With different methods used，different results are obtained.采用不同的方法，得到不同的结果。She went angrily a

6、way without a word spoken.她一个字也没说，就生气地走了。,过去分词的结构（3）【过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语】,(2)过去分词（短语）在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补足语，表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。如：I had my car repaired我把我的车修好了。（别人修的）I had my hair cut我理发了。（别人给我理的）We must get the television set repaired我们必须把电视机修好。（被别人修）He had his window broken to pieces.他的窗户给打破了。（被他人打破）,过去分词的结构

7、（1）,1.过去分词独立结构过去分词有时可有其独立主语，二者构成一种独立分词结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中，常用作状语，用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。如：He rushed into the room，his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗跑进屋来。(表伴随)This done，we went home.做完此事，我们就回家了。（表时间）All our savings gone，the couple started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了，这对夫妻就开始找工作。（表原因）That point settled，the speak

8、er went on to the next one.那个问题讲完了，演讲人继续讲下一个问题。（表时间）,过去分词用法（一）,(3)过去分词作条件、时间等状语时，不可用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg：Given more time，I can do it better(表条件)多给点时间，我会做得更好些。Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.(MET 90)(表示条件)如果多关心一些，这些树会长得更好。Heated,the metal expands(表示时间)加热后，这种金属会膨胀。Asked why he did it，

9、he said it was his duty(表示时间)问及为何要做此事时，他说这是他的职责。(4)过去分词作表语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg：The top of the mountain is covered with snow.山顶满是雪,过去分词用法（一）,一、虽然过去分词与现在分词一般被动式都有被动意义，但是过去分词只强调被动意思，表明动作已经完成，而现在分词一般被动式既有进行又有被动的意味。在下列各种用法中区别非常明显：(1)过去分词在构成完成时态，不定式完成式以及被动语态时，通常不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。(现在进行时的被动语态除外)eg：The door was

10、closed an hour ago 这门在一小时前就关闭了。They have finished their homework。他们已经做完了家庭作业(2)过去分词作前置定语时，不能用现在分词一般被动式代替。eg：That was an inspired suggestion 那是一条由某人提出的建议。同样现在分词一般被动式作为定语表示动作时，也不能用过去分词来代替。eg：The house being built is a big project.正在施工的那幢楼是一项大的工程。,过去分词用法（一）,(5)过去分词在构成have，get,want等动词后的复合宾语时，不能用现在分词一般被动

11、式。eg：Why dont you have the radio fixed?你为什么不把收音机拿去修一修?尤其是一些感官动词，如：see，hear，find等后构成复合宾语时，过去分词和现在分词一般被动式意思完全不同。eg:I heard this song being sung by my students in the next room.我听到隔壁房间的学生正在吟唱这首歌。(注：现在分词一般被动式表示正在进行的动作)I have never heard this song sung in English 我从来没有听到过用英语唱这首歌。(注：过去分词表示己完成的动作)(6)在下面一些比

12、较固定的分词独立结构中，通常多用过去分词。eg:all told总计 all things considered考虑了一切因素之后 this accomplished完成这项工程之后 this explantion given这样解释之后 all said and done毕竟,过去分词用法(二),二过去分词和现在分词完成被动式的区别：及物动词的过去分词没有完成式，但它有“完成”的含义，所以它可以代替现在分词完成被动式。eg:The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.=Weakened by

13、 successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.=Having been weakened by successive storms,the bridge was no longer safe.=这座桥接二连三地遭到暴风雨的袭击后，己经不安全了。但若强调分词表示的行为发生在后一个动词表示的行为之前时，可用现在分词完成被动式。eg:Having been warned about the bandits,he left his valuables at home。当警告有强盗出没时，他就把贵重物品留在家里。d,was often left ope

14、n.通常以为是锁着的那个房间，其实经常敞开着。,过去分词用法（二）,通常过去分词可作定语使用，而现在分词完成被动式却不能用作定语 eg:The computer centre,opened last year,is very popular among the students in this school.(MET 93)去年开办的计算机中心很受学生的欢迎。(过去分词既能表示被动又有完成的含义)The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

15、(NMET94)作为外语的英语教科书早在十六世纪就已经出版了。Most of the artists invited to the party were from south America(MET 90)应邀参加舞会的大多数艺术家都来自南美。过去分词可以用“连词过去分词”的结而现在分词的完成被动式却不能这样用。构作状语，其实质就是状语从句的省略，If bitten by a snake,you should send for help and dont walk 要是你被蛇咬了，你应当向别人求助而不要走。When shot in the leg,he continued to fire ba

16、ck with his gun.虽腿部己遭枪击，他人仍然继续开枪还击。The room,although supposed to be kept locked,was often left open.通常以为是锁着的那个房间，其实经常敞开着,一、过去分词作表语,The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山.【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.(1)The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.昨天茶杯被我小

17、妹打碎了.(是被动语态,表示动作)(2)The library is now closed.图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成,V-ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如 interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物.(3)The book is interesting and Im interested in it.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.,二、过去分词作定语,作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物

18、动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.1.过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2.过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.The meeting,attended by over five

19、 thousand people,welcomed the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.4.用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.The boy looked up with a pleased expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.,三、过去分词作状语,1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.(1)Written in a hurry,this article was not so good!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.【注意】written

20、为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写.值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbed in(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressed in(穿着);tired of(厌烦).(2)Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.(1)Given a

21、nother hour,I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I,即 I 被再给一个小时.)(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表被看,由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是我们,因为我们应主动看城市.)【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构

22、实际上属于独立主格结构.,(1)The signal given,the bus started.信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.(2)Her head held high,she went by.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.(1)Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿

23、透了.(caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)(2)_Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.(grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成连词+过去分词结构作状语.When given a medic

24、al examination,you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.4.过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.He stood there silently,moved to tears.=Moved to tears,he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.,四、过去分词作宾语补足语,(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to

25、,feel,notice,think等.(1)I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)2.表示致使意义的动词.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等.(1)Ill have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发.(2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday

26、.他昨天把牙拔了.【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如:He had his leg broken.他的腿断了.(自己的经历),五、with+宾语+过去分词结构,此结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.(1)The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied beh

27、ind his back.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)(2)With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)(3)With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)(4)_She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.(5)He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了

28、一会儿,过去分词的结构（3）【过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语】,3.过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语(1)过去分词（短语）在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语，这些词语有：have 让，使 keep 使处于某状态 get 使得see 看见 hear 听见 find 发现feel 感觉到 leave 使处于某状态 make 使want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意observe 观察 watch 注视 set 使处于某状态如：The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.看门人听见门上的链和拴被拉开了。The tenant fou

29、nd the house renovated.房客看到房子已整修过了。Its better to leave some things unsaid.有些事倒是不说的好。I dont want my name linked with him.我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起。,不规则动词过去式和过去分词,的构成,A.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同.,cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cutput-put-put let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hitshut-shut-shut hurt-hurt-hurtread-read-read lie-lied-

30、lied 说谎lay-laid-laid 放置，下蛋 lay-lain 躺下，位于，平放,B.过去式与过去分词完全相同,1.过去式和过去分词中含有ought,aught,读音是:tbright-brought-brought think-thought-thought buy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught2.动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。get-got-got sell-sold-sold tell-told-told3.动词原形中i为a,sit-sat-satspit-spat-spat,B.过去式与过去

31、分词完全相同,4.动词原形中i为o,win-won-won shine-shone/shined-shone/shined动词原形中an为oo,stand-stood-stoodunderstand-understood-understood动词原形中的ay为ai,say-said-said pay-paid-paid7.a）动词原形中的d为 t,send-sent-sent lend-lent-lentspend-spent-spent build-built-built b)动词原形最后一个字母改为t,smell-smelt-smelt lose-lost-lost c)动词原形后加一个字

32、母t,learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant d)动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e,然后在词尾加t.feel-felt-feltsleep-slept-sleptsweep-swept-swept keep-kept-kept,B.过去式与过去分词完全相同,其它meet-met-methave-had-hadhold-held-heldmake-made-madedig-dug-dughear-heard-heardfind-found-found hang-hung-hung,C.原型与过去分词相同,come-came-comerun-ran-runbecom

33、e-became-become,D.原形，过去式，和 过去分词完全不同,1.把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词begin-began-begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung 2.把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-knownthrow-threw-thrown fly-flew/flu:/-flown(和以上相似),以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾,a)把动词原形中i改为o变成过

34、去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen write-wrote-written(双写t)ride-rode-ridden(双写d)b)把动词原形中ea改为o,在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken c)把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式,在过去式后加n变成过去分词wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozenchoose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-fo

35、rgotten（双写t,加en）d)其它过去分词以en结尾的动词eat-ate-eaten beat-beat-beatenfall-fell-fallengive-gave-given see-saw-seen take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistakenhide-hid-hidden(双写d）E.没有过去分词的动词can-could may-might shall-should will-would,其它am,is-was-beenare-were-been do-did-done draw-drew-drawngo-went-gone show-showed-shownwear-wore-worn,