初中英语语法-形容词、副词.ppt

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1、形容词、副词,初中英语语法,稻田一中 李培军,形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。例如：long,empty,cheap,hungry,etc.,什么叫形容词?,形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分,形容词,形容词的用法,1.He is a good student.2.She is a beautiful girl.3.I have a clever pet dog.,形容词作定语,1)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时顺序：直接放名词或代词前面,2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序：口诀:冠代数形大,新色国材名注释：冠-冠词；代-代词；数-数词；形-形状、性质；大-大小、长短；

2、新-新旧;色-颜色；国-国家、产地；材-材料、用途；名-名词 an old big brown wooden box 一个旧而大的棕色木箱子 two tall young Japanese girls 两位高个、年轻的日本姑娘,例题1)Tony is going camping with _ boys.A.little two other B.two little other C.two other little D.little other two2)One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace.A.old Chinese stoneB

3、.Chinese old stone C.old stone Chinese D.Chinese stone old,答案点拨：C 由限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)-性质-名词的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。,答案点拨:A.几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。,当形容词修饰由something/somebody,anything/anybody,nothing/nobody,everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.,1.Is there any

4、thing interesting in todays newspaper?2.I have something important to tell you.,3.)修饰不定代词时常后置“不+形”,1.Sam is hungry,hed like to eat _delicious.A.some B.any C.something D.somewhere 2.Dont worry.There is _ about your illness.A.serious something B.anything serious C.nothing serious D.some thing3.There i

5、s _ in todays newspaper.Its boring.A.something new B.interesting new C.nothing new D.new nothing 4.-Who can help us?-_.well do it ourselves A.Everyone else B.Else everyone C.Nobody else D.Else nobody要点：不定代词修饰形容词，位置为“不形”,C,C,C,C,The trees turn green in spring.We are alone on the island.,只能作表语，不能作定语的形

6、容词。你能说出几个？,alone afraid awake asleep alive able,形容词作表语,所谓表语形容词即指只用于连系动词后作表语，而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。这类形容词常见的有：某些以a-开头的形容词：afraid 害怕的 alive 活着的 alone 单独的asleep 睡着的 awake 醒着的 Dont be afraid.别怕。Now the baby is asleep.现在孩子睡着了。He was alone in the house.他独自一人在家里。,1.She was _(luck)to lose her money when she went s

7、hopping last weekend.04西宁 2.This kind of skirt looks _ and sells_.04天津A.nice;well B.nice;good C.well;well D.good;nice,unlucky,A,3.What do you think of the story written by Mark Twain?It is _.I like it.04昆明 A.boring B.bored C.interested D.interesting,D,4.Your answer sounds _.A.correct B.correctly C.c

8、orrectness D.correcting5.They watched a movie and felt quite _.A.sad B.sadly C.sadness D.sady,A,A,某些动词如make，paint，keep，find，like，want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语有的已构成固定词组。,形容词作宾语补足语,1.He made us happy.2.You must keep the classroom clean 你应保持教室清洁。,形容词的构成,形容词的构成,forgetforgetful

9、 helphelpful wonderwonderful useuseful carecareful beautybeautiful thankthankful colour-colourful,1、+ful,2、ed,exciteexcited worryworried surprisesurprised closeclosedinterestinterested frightenfrightened,3、+ing,interestinteresting exciteexciting surprisesurprising followfollowing,sunsunny snowsnowy

10、windwindy rain-rainy cloudcloudy healthhealthy,4、+y 所有表示天气状况的的形容词,wool-woolen wood-wooden,5、+en,6、+ern(东西南北),east-eastern west-western south-southern north-northern,friendly,daily,weekly,silly lively,lonely,lovely,7.由“名词+ly”构成,8.复合形容词,an eight-year-old boy,一个八岁的男孩,一段10分钟的步行路程,a ten-minute walk,a ten

11、 minutes walk,放七天假,have a seven-day holiday,have a seven days holiday,have seven days off,形容词的比较级和最高级构成和用法,形容词的比较等级构成，有三个等级：原级；比较级；最高级。,形容词的比较级和最高级构成,规则变化,taller harder larger wider,tallest hardest largest widest,bigger hotter fatter wetter,biggest hottest fattest wettest,happier drier earlier,happi

12、est driest earliest,narrower cleverer,narrowest cleverest,more difficult more popularmore slowly,most difficult most popularmost slowly,少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est,better,best,worse,worst,less,more,most,farther/further,older/elder,least,farthest/furthest,oldest/eldest,不规则变化,注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内

13、容为了避免重复，我们常常用that,those来代替前面的词。例如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs.,形容词原级的常用句型,Tom is as tall as Mike.,1、as+形容词原形+as,There are as many students in our school as yours.,否定 not as+形容词原形+as“和 不一样”或 not so+形容词原形+as“不及不如

14、,Tom is not as tall as Mike.,This truck is big enough to carry 5 tons.,2、so+形容词原级+that丛句 such+名词that丛句,He is so big that he cant enter the room bythe door.,3、too+原级+to do sth.,He is too young to join the army.,4、形容词原级+enough to do sth.,1、两者之间的比较，句中有明显的标志词than Tom is taller than John2、Which/Who is+比较

15、级,A or B?Which is easier,maths or English?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短语：much(的多)、a lot(的多)、even(更)、still（更）、a bit/alittle(一点儿)This city is much more beautiful than that oneToday is even hotter than yesterday.,形容词比较级的常用句型,注意：very不能修饰比较级。More可构成比较级，但不能修饰比较级,4、is the+比较级+of the two.Tom is the taller of the two boys.5

16、、数量+比较级 than He is three years older than his brother.6、比较级+and+比较级，“越来越”Now it is hotter and hotter.现在越来越热7、The+比较级，the+比较级“越，就越”The more,the better.越多越好。The more you eat,the fatter you will become.你吃得越多，你就越容易变胖,1.one of the+最高级+名词复数,形容词最高级的常用句型,2.最高级+of(in)(三者及以上范围的),3.This is/was the最高级+名词+that定语

17、从句,Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.,This is the worst film that I have seen these years.,Of all the movie stars,I think Zhang Ziyi is the best.,5.、the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/ofThe Yellow River is the second longest river in China,4、Which/Who is the+最高级,A,B or C?Which is the biggest,the moo

18、n,the earth or the sun?,注意：用the+形容词最高级形式+in 接单数名词 用the+形容词最高级形式+of 接复数名词或表示复数的代词。Who is the tallest in the class?Who is the tallest of the students。,使用形容词比较级时,1、可用“比较级形式+than any other+单数名词来表达最高级的意思 He is taller than any other student in the school。,注意,2.形容词比较级前一般不加the。但可用the+比较级形式+of the two来表达两者之间

19、的比较。He is the better of the two.Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.Mary was the more beautiful of the two.Of the two boys Mike is the taller one.,注意区别下列两个句子：加拿大和澳大利亚，哪个国家更大?Which is the larger country,Canada or Australian?Which is larger,Canada or Australian?,注意,使用形容词最高级时,1.可用“one of+the最高级形式+名词复数”

20、表示“是最 之一者。one of the most beautiful cities is shanghai 上海是最美的城市之一。,注意：,2.最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。Which is the first most useful invention?哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？3.如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the。Yesterday was my busiest day.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。,2、不规则变化,7、the+比较级，the+比较级 表“越就越”The more you study,the more you know.你学得越多，就懂得越多 你读得越多，你的英语就会越好。_you read,_ your English will be.8、比较级+and+同一比较级,表“越来越”越来越重 越来越热越来越重要,heavier and heavier,hotter and hotter,more and more important,The more,the better,