非谓语动词语法专题训练.ppt

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1、,非谓语动词,高三英语总复习语法填空专题训练课件：非谓语动词,非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：,考点解密,现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：,考点1：作主语 表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用to do。考点2：作表语(1)动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling,surprising,exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事

2、物)”；像puzzled,surprised,excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。,考点3：作宾语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse,expect,promise,decide,offer,pretend等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,advise,consider,imagine,appreciate,escape,suggest等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(3)在表示“需要”的need,want和requ

3、ire等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。,(4)在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意to是介词的短语，如be/get used to,be accustomed to(习惯于),contribute to,devote oneself to/be devoted to,get down to,look forward to等。(6)含介词的固定句式：prevent/stop/keep sb./sth.from doing 阻止做,spend/wast

4、e time or money in doing 在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困难have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难there is no sense in doing做是没有理由/道理的(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。,考点4：作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种

5、状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。请注意复习以下6点：(1)在ask,invite,encourage,advise,forbid,remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。,(3)在make,let,have等使役动词和feel,smell,hear,see,watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动

6、关系，且表示动作持续进行。,(5)get sb.to do sth.=have sb.do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来);get/havedoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续);getdone=have sth.done请人做/遭受(被动)。(6)make oneself 后常用understood,heard,seen,known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。,考点5：作状语(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。

7、(2)不定式作状语只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如glad,sorry,surprised,frightened,delighted)之后，表示原因。(3)不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也还用于tooto,enough to,so/suchas to等固定结构中。-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。,(4)在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。(5)表示目的时只能用不定式，此时的不定式可以放在句首。(

8、6)在“连词(如when,while,if,though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点6：作定语(1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有要”；或修饰“the+序数词”。(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点7：特殊句式Why not do sth.?=Why dont you do sth.?何不做某事呢？had better(not)do sth.最好(不)做某事would r

9、ather(not)do sth.宁愿(不)做某事would do A rather than do B=would rather do A than do B=prefer to do A rather than do B=prefer doing A to doing B 宁做A事不做B事,考点8：独立结构(1)-ing形式的独立成分：judging by/from(根据判断),generally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来),frankly speaking(坦率地说)等。(2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(

10、和你说实话吧),to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。(3)用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，就而言)和given(考虑到)后接名词或that从句。,解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。,解题技巧,另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻

11、辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：,例1the proverb,“plucking up a crop 32(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.(2008年广东),实例剖析,分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而“plucking up a crop 32(help)it grow”是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是非谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to

12、help。,例2 While she was getting me _34_(settle)into a tiny but clean room(2007年广东),分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb.into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。,考点击破,一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(全国)2.Eugenes never

13、willing to alter any of his opinions.Its no use _(argue)with him.(上海)3.Please remain _(seat);the winner of the prize will be announced soon.(辽宁)4.Can I smoke here?Sorry.We dont allow _(smoke)here.(江苏),Walking,arguing,seated,smoking,5.It is difficult to imagine his _(accept)the decision without any c

14、onsideration.(陕西)6.I cant stand _(work)with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _(stop)talking while she works.(北京)7.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair).(陕西)8.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried _(live)alone,but she didnt l

15、ike it and moved back home.(湖南),accepting,to stop,working,to be repaired,living,9.Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh,yes.How often I have regretted _(not take)his advice!(安徽)10.If you think that treating a woman well means always _(get)her permission for things,think again.(湖南)11.At the beginning of cla

16、ss,the noise of desks _(open and close)could be heard outside the classroom.(全国)12.They are quiet,arent they?Yes.They are accustomed to _(not talk)at meals.(江苏),not taking,getting,being opened and closed,not talking,13.Isnt it time you got down to _(mark)the papers?(重庆)14.Mr.Reed made up his mind to

17、 devote all he had to _(set)up some schools for poor children.(上海)15.She looks forward every spring to _(walk)in the flower-lined garden.(上海)16.Having been ill in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time _(pass)the exam.(福建),marking,setting,walking,passing,17.According to a recent U.S.survey,childr

18、en spend up to 25 hours a week _(watch)TV.(上海)18.I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _(happen)again.(全国)19.Did you have trouble in_(find)the post office?(全国)20.Sandy could do nothing but _(admit)to his teacher that he was wrong.(上海),watching,happening,finding,admit,21.I smell s

19、omething _(burn)in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?(全国)22.Dont leave the water _(run)while you brush your teeth.(天津)23.It was so cold that they kept the fire _(burn)all night.(全国)24.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _(carry)out the next year.(全国),burning,running

20、,burning,carried,25.To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English _(speak)as much as we can.(江苏)26.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest)in his lectures.(江苏)27.Energy drinks are not allowed _(make)in Australia but are brought in from Ne

21、w Zealand.(上海)28.My advisor encouraged me _(take)a summer course to improve my writing skills.(北京),spoken,interested,to be made,to take,29.My parents have always made me _(feel)good about myself,even when I was twelve.(江苏)30.They knew her very well.They had seen her _(grow)up from childhood.(全国)31.T

22、he mother felt herself _(grow)cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.(上海)32.Paul doesnt have to be made _(learn).He always works hard.(全国),feel,grow,grow,to learn,33.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _(fill)my mind,I almost b

23、reak down.(福建)34.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _(finish),he gladly accepted it.(安徽)35.With a lot of difficult problems _(settle),the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(上海)36.The director had her assistant _(pick)up some hot dogs for the meeting.(全国),filling,fini

24、shed,to settle,pick,37.Did Peter fix the computer himself?He had it _(fix),because he doesnt know much about computers.(安徽)38.Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _(improve)in a short period.(福建)39.Helen had to shout to make herself _(hear)above the sound of

25、the music.(广西)40.Peter received a letter just now _(say)his grandma would come to see him soon.(四川),fixed,improved,heard,saying,41.As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _(move),and asked myself what I was going to do.(湖南)42._(walk)in the fields on a March afternoon,he could feel the war

26、mth of spring.(安徽)43._(wait)in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(福建)44._(blame)for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.(福建),moving,Walking,Having waited,Blamed,45.He hurried to the booking office only _(tell)

27、that all the tickets had been sold out.(陕西)46.European football is played in 80 countries,_(make)it the most popular sport in the world.(全国)47.You were silly not _(lock)your car.(湖南)48.I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good _(breathe).(宁夏),to be told,making,to have locked,

28、to breathe,49._(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.(湖南)50.When _(ask)why he went there,he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.(江西)51.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water)every day.(四川)52.When _(compare)different cultures,we o

29、ften pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(浙江),To complete,asked,watered,comparing,53.The last one _(arrive)pays the meal.Agree!(全国)54.The trees _(blow)in the storm have been moved off the road.(湖南)55.Can those _(seat)at the back of the classroom hear me?(福建)5

30、6.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _(form)in your mind instead of before your eyes.(广西),to arrive,blown,seated,forming,57.Its a long time since I saw my sister.(全国)Why not _(visit)her this weekend?58._(search)the website of the Fire Department in your city

31、,and you will learn a lot about firefighting.(湖南)59.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _(finish)for the day.(重庆)60._(give)the general state of health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(北京),visit,Search,finished,Given,二、语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。Freud was one of

32、the first scientists 1_（make）serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities 2_（base）in the brain that involve how we act,think,feel and reason.,to make,based,He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3_（search）for the causes of mental and emotional problems.He a

33、lso tried hypnosis(催眠).He wanted to see if 4_（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease 5_（trouble）minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.,to search,putting,troubled,Freud worked hard,although what he did might sound easy.His method involved 6_(sit)with his patients and 7_（listen）to them talk.He had them 8_（talk）about whatever they were thinking.All ideas,thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9_（express）.There could be no10_（hold）back because of fear or guilt.,sitting,listening,talk,be expressed,holding,再见,高三英语总复习语法填空专题训练课件：非谓语动词,