非常好的名词性从句.ppt

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1、名词性从句,NOUN CLAUSES,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。,名词性从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,同位语,I dont know about the man,

2、Mr.White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,Practice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。,1.At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.2.She wondered if the buses would still be running.3.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run

3、that far.4.She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.5.When we will start is not clear.6.I had no idea that you were her friend.,宾语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,引导名词性从句的关联词,名词性从句知识点考点,考点一，名词性从句的语序问题。考点二，it 作为形式主语或形式宾语的用法。考点三，考查 that 与 what 的区别。考点四，考查whether 与 if 以及与 that 的区别。

4、考点五，考查 疑问词+ever 引导的名词性从句 以及与 no matter+疑问词 的区别。考点六，考查名词性从句的 虚拟语气 问题。,在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。,The problem is what he has done to the little boy.,1.主语从句,在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。,主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。,that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己

5、的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。,What he wants to tell us is not clear.,他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。,Who will win the match is still unknown.,Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.,That he stole a bike was true.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。,Where and when he was born has

6、not been found.,When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：,1）It+be+名词+that从句2）It+be+形容词+that从句,3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句4）It+不及物动词+that 从句,It is known to us how he became a writer.,我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。,It is a

7、pity that its a shame that Its no wonder thatIt is suggested thatIts requested thatIts proposed that,Its desired that,注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：,It is necessary Its important,Its natural strange,etc.)that,2.宾语从句,名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。,引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可

8、以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。,1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句,由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。,He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.,We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.,注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desi

9、re,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+动词原形”。,I insist that she(should)do her work alone.,The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.,但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。,The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.,2)用who，who

10、m,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。,I want to know what he has told you.,She always thinks of how she can work well.,She will give whoever needs help a warm support.,3)用whether或if引导的宾语句,whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只

11、能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.,Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.,The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?,Everything depends on whether we have enough money.,I dont care about whether you have money or not.,介词后的宾语从句一般不用if引导，要用whe

12、ther。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。,I wonder whether he will come or not.,Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?,4)宾语从句中的时态呼应,宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；,I know that he studies English every day.,I know(that)he will study English next year.,We all know that h

13、e has studied English since 1998.,I know that he studied English last term.,如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动词只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；,We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.,The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。,The teacher told

14、 us that the sun rises in the east.,5)当主句是I/We think(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。,We dont believe that he will win the game.,I dont think he will do so.,6)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。,He has made it clear that he will not give in

15、.,doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。,We doubt whether/if he can win the game.,I dont doubt that he will win the game.,连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who,anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于

16、no matter who/what/which。,Whoever breaks the law should be punished.,6.whatever/whoever 的功用：Whatever/whoever可引导主语，宾语，表语从句，并在从句中做主语，宾语，表语。这种用法中，whatever/whoever 不含疑问意义。Whatever=anything that;whoever=anyone who,1.Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished.,Anyone who

17、,2.They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do.,anything that,疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,Whateveryoudo,you

18、mustdoitwell.nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.,No matter+疑问词可换成疑问词+ever,3.表语从句,在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。,引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if,because 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句,The fact is that we have lost the game.,Thats just what I wa

19、nt.,This is where our problem lies.,That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,It looks as if it is going to rain.,This is because he missed the train by one minute.,需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,4.同位语从句

20、,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。,同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,如 news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，,引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that,whether和连接副词when,where,why,how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。,I have no idea when she will be back.,The news that we won the game is exciting.,The thought came to hi

21、m that Mary had probably fallen ill.,名词从句与定语从句 的主要区别,成分上的区别：名词从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么 样的成分？,1.How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.2.I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job.3.The problem is who will be equal to the task.4.He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not.,主语,

22、宾语,表语,同位语,5.I visited the country which/that had been bombed by the US-led NATO(美国为首的北约)a month before6.I shall never forget the years when I lived in the countryside with the farmers,which has a great effect on my life.7.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm.,by which time man

23、y people have gone home.8.I had never seen such a good film as I watched last night.,结论一：名词从句充当句子的主要成分；定于从句充当句子的修饰成分。,2.引导词含义上的区别：引导词是否指向句中的某个成分？,1.That he came back made us very happy.2.Im sorry(that)Ive made a mistake.3.The fact is that his bark is worse than his bite.4.Word came that he would com

24、e to see us all.,5.He made another wonderful discovery,which I think isof great importance to science.6.Kennedy and Johnson,both of whom were murdered in their terms,once co-worked as president and vice-president 7.The Oscar is one of the film prizes that have not been offered to any Chinese actor o

25、r actress by far8.The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes that has not been offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far,9.The days are gone forever when we used foreign oil.10.As we all know,China is a developing country.11.This is the village where my father once lived for several years.12.

26、1980,when Chinese government began its reform,is an important year for China.,结论二：定语从句的引导词在语义上具有指代先行词的作用。名词从句的引导词不具备此功能。,3.关于that:that 在名词从句和定语从句中各起什么作用？,1.He pretended(that)he didnt see me.That she lost her necklace on the way home made her so worried.It is necessary that we should learn a second l

27、anguage.4.It is said that he works hard at English.,问题：that 作何成分？,The school that my sister studies at is far from here.The first request that he made was to ask for freedom.7.It was said that that was all that he said.8.Is this the house that you have bought yourself?,(which),(which),问题：that 作何成分？,

28、结论三：名词从句中的 that 只起引导词的作用，无任何意义。定语从句中的that 在从句中充当主语或宾语，有时可以与 which 互换。,4.引导词的不同：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：,as,且 when,where 等不能与 in/on/at which 互换。,whether,if,what,how,5、名词从句与定语从句的一些对应关系：1.He has done what he can to help me.-He has done _ _ he can to help me.What I want to say has nothing to do wi

29、th it.-_ _ I want to say has nothing to do with it.,all that,All that,3.Whoever breaks the law is to be punished._ _ breaks the law is to be punished.4.He will give the dictionary to whoever needs if most.He will give the dictionary to _ _ needs it most.5.Well remember whomever we turned to for help

30、.Well remember _ _ we turned to for help.6.They will do whatever he wants them to do.They will do _ _he wants them to do.7.Ill read whichever book you give me.Ill read _ of the books _ you give me.,Anyone who,anyone who,Anyone(whom),anything that,any,that,6、其余问题：,1.误：I dont know if he comes back thi

31、s month.2.误：I have no idea what had happened when I was away.,正：I dont know if he will come back this month.,正：I have no idea what happened when I was away.,3.误：The reason is because he is ill.4.误：Who leaves last turns off the light.,正：The reason is that he is ill.,正：Whoever leaves last turns off th

32、e light.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no idea that you were here.,Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？,(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）,(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的要点有以下六个方面:,1.考查名词性从句的语序问题,高考

33、题例示：,1.The photographs will show you _（MET1989）A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like,例2.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.(NMET2000)A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is,例3.Can you make sure

34、_ the gold ring?(NMET1990)where Alice had put B.where did Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put,例4.He asked _ for the violin.(NMET1991)did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid,2.考查引导词that与what的区别,高考题例示：,1._we cant get seems better than _we have.(NME

35、T1996)A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what,2.No one can be sure _ in a million years.(MET1991)what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like,3._ you have done might do harm to other people.(MET 1987)That B.What C.Whether D.How,4._ you

36、 dont like him is none of my business.(上海1992)What B.Who C.That D.Whether,3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,高考题例示：,1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It,2.It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray.while B.if C.that D.for,3.I hat

37、e _when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET1998)it B.that C.this D.them,4.Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?(MET 1991)A.this B.that C.he D.it,4.考查whether与if 的区别,高考真题例示：,高考题例示：,1._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(NMET1996)If B.Whether C.That D.Where,2.What the docto

38、rs really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001)when B.how C.whether D.why,3._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.(MET1992)Whenever B.If C.Whether D.That,5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别,高考题例示：,例1.It is generally consid

39、ered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.(NMET1997)however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever,2._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who,3.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests.(上海1995)anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter

40、 who,6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题,高考题例示：,1.It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.(上海1993)A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master,1.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.A.who is he B.who he is C.who are they D.who it is 2._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and f

41、ewer students were interested in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that 3.-We havent heard from Jane for a long time.-_ has happened to her?A.Do you suppose that B.What do you suppose C.Do you think that D.What you think 4.I dont care _ she has no money.I care _ she is honest o

42、r not.if;when B.whether;that C.that;whether D.what;if,5.Word came _ the PLA man approached the child slowly and helped him to safety.A.since B.so that C.that D.why 6.The child is always lying,so none of us will believe _ he says.A.whatever B.no matter what C.how D.which 7.The fact troubles me so muc

43、h _ I have been unable to pass the driving test up to now.A.which B.because C.why D.that 8.See to _ the children dont catch cold.A.it what B.it that C.what D.that,A9.He,_ is playing an important part,is well-known to us all.A.that who B.those who C.who that D.who 10.It matters little _ a man dies,bu

44、t _ matters so much more is _ he lives.A.how;what;how B.how;it;how C.why;it;why D.which;what;that 11.Pointing to the house,he said,This is _ I used to live when I was young.A.when B.what C.that D.where 12.After ten years,he had changed a lot and looked different from _ he used to be.why B.which C.wh

45、at D.who,13.Father made a promise _ I passed the examination,he would buy me a bicycle.A.that B.if that C.whether D.that if 14.-What about the speech he made this afternoon?-_ he said so must be quite encouraging,I think.A.What B.That C./D.All 15.There are signs _ restaurants are becoming more popul

46、ar with families.in which B.which C.that D.whose,16.Because they usually receive the same score on standardized exams,there is often disagreement as to _ is the better student,Bob or Helen.A.who B.where C.when D.whose 17.Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that co

47、nnected Siberia and _ more than 10,000 years ago.A.this is Alaska B.Alaska is now C.is now Alaska D.what is now Alaska 18.The boy dived into the water and,after _ seemed to be a long time,he came up again.what B.that C.it D.which,19._ we can pass the coming examination will mainly depend on _ we lea

48、rn and _ we learn it.A.Whether;what;how B.That;whether;why C.If;how;that D.Why;that;how 20.Although most of them have no doubt _ he will pass the exam,I still wonder _ he has really got everything ready.A.whether;that B.that;whether C.that;that D.whether;whether key:1-5 DABCC 6-10 ADBDA 11-15 DCDBC

49、16-20 ADAAB,名词性从句试题集锦1.I ask her _ come with me.A.if she will B.if will she C.whether will she D.will she 2._ he said is true.A.What B.That C.Which D.Whether 3.Can you tell me _?A.who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is who C.who that gentleman is D.whom is that gentleman 4.He didnt know which roo

50、m _.A.they lived B.they lived in C.did they live D.did they live in 5.To get the job started,_ I need is some money.A.only what B.all what C.all that D.only that 6.I have no idea _ far the railway station is from here.A.what B.how C.its D.that,7.Can you tell me _ the railway station?A.how I can get