英语语言学课件Chapter15LanguageandtheBra.ppt
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1、Chapter 15,Language and the Brain,Neurolinguistics,The study of the relationship between language and the brainThe case of Phineas Gage:a huge metal rod had gone through the front part of Mr.Gages brain,his language abilities were unaffected,Parts of the Brain,Two nearly symmetrical halves,the right
2、 and left hemispheresCorpus callosum:a bundle of nerve fibers,connecting the two hemispherescortex:supports higher brain functions,including language;thin,folded sheet on surface of brain Brocas area:responsible for speech production(close to motor areas),Parts of the Brain,Wernickes Area:responsibl
3、e for speech comprehension(close to auditory areas)The motor cortex:controls the movement of the muscles for articulationThe arcuate fasciculus:a bundle of nerve fibers connecting Brocas area and Wernickes Area,The localization view,Specific aspects of language ability can be accorded specific locat
4、ions in the brainOther views-pathway metaphor-Freuds steam engine metaphor-Aristotle cold sponge metaphor,Tongue tips and slips,Tip-of the tongue:you know the word,but it just wont come to the surfaceSlip-of-the tongue:results in tangled expressionsSlip-of-the ear:errors in hearing,Aphasia,An impair
5、ment of language function due to localized cerebral damage which leads to difficulty in understanding and/or producing linguistic formsBrocas AphasiaIdentified 1861 by Paul Broca,a Parisian neurologist Also called motor aphasiaCharacterized by a substantially reduced amount of speech,distorted artic
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