英语语法—状语从句.ppt

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1、状语从句,1、本讲内容：学习状语从句。2、学习要求：（1）掌握状语从句的种类。（2）学会引导状语从句的从属连词。3、学习指导：（1）本讲重点：状语从句的种类。（2）本讲难点：从属连词之间的区别。,4、典型例题解析：,状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。,1、时间状语从句：,引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,unti

2、l,as soon as,once等引导。如：,When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.It has been 15 years since he left.Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him.Once you have got used to it,you will like it.I waited till he had finished his work.,注意：（1）when,as,while when

3、即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：,When I was a boy,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）When the lesson was over,we began our writing.（从句动作在前）,as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。He hurried home,looking behind as he went.I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday

4、.He sang as he walked.,While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在 期间”，从句里的动作必须是 持续性的，它也强调主句和 从句动作的同时发生，往往 侧重主句和从句动作的对比。,如：While he was in London,he studied music.While we were watching TV,he was writing a composition.,while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：,He is tall while his brother is short.,当when,as,while表示“在一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用

5、。如：,While(When或As)we were discussing,Mr.Smith came in.,（2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当时候”和“在之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。如：,The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.,He almost knocked me down before he saw me.She had not been married many weeks when the man saw her and was struck

6、 by her beauty.I was walking in the street when I saw him.,(3)by the time,each time,every time,immediately,the moment,the instant,the minute,soon after,shortly after都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：,By the time he was fourteen,he had taught himself advanced mathematics.,Each time he came,he would call on me.You mus

7、t show him in immediately he comes.I recognized him the moment I saw him.,(4)till和until 如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到为止”。如：I worked till(until)he came back.,如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到 才”。如：,I didnt go to bed until(till)he came back.,放在句首表示强调时一般用 until。如：,Until he returns,nothing can be done.,(5)、Si

8、nce 引导的状语从句从句通常用一般过去时而主句通常用完成时态或完成进行时态Since I left school,I have only seen him once.It has been raining ever since I lost my job.“It since”句型中，主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时。Its eight years since he got married.他结婚八年了。,(6)、as soon as,hardly-when,no sooner-than,the moment等表示“一-就-”As soon as he came home,it began to

9、rain.The moment he came home,-He had hardly come home when it began to rain Hardly had he come home when it began to rain.No sooner had he come home than-,（7）时间状语从句中谓语动词 不能用任何一种将来时，只能用现在时和过去时表 示将来时。,2、地点状语从句：,通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：,Go back where you came from.Wherever you go,you must write to your

10、 parents.Where there is a will,there is a way.Where there is too much,the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.,3、原因状语从句：,通常由连词：because,as,since,now that引导。区别是:,because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原 因和理由，语气最强，why提 问的句子，一般都用because 回答。,He didnt come because he was ill.,since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱

11、。,Since you are here,you must do it.,as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引 导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。,You neednt go with me,as you are busy.As I was afraid,I hid myself.,now that意思与since相似，表示“既然”。,Now that you are in High School,you will probably spend more in reading.Now that all the guests have arrived,lets have our dinner

12、.,注意：在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或 since，如：It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.,because可以引导表语从句,而 as,since不可以，这时状语一 般都是it,this,that,Its because he is too lazy.,for也表示“因为”，但是并列 连词，它连接的不是状语从 句，语气比较强。,It must be morning,for the birds are singing.,4、目的状语从句：,通常由that,so that,in order th

13、at,sothat,lest,in case（以防、免得）等引导：,He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.She married him so that she might tend and comfort him.I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.,lest(以免，免得),for fear that I hid the book lest(=for fear that)he should see it.,目的状语从句中谓语

14、动词常含有may(might),can(could)should,will等情 态动词。,5、结果状语从句：,由that,so that,sothat,suchthat引导：It was very cold,so that the river froze.The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.There were so many people(=such a lot of people)in the room that we could not get in.He made such an ex

15、cellent speech that every one admired him.,6、条件状语从句:,由 if,unless,as long as(=so long as)(只要),in case(that)(如果，万一)等引导：,If plastics and rubber are burned,they give off poisonous gases.,Unless you work hard,you will fail,You can go out,as long as(so long as)you promise to be back before eleven.,In case

16、 I forget,please remind me about that.,注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。,7、方式状语从句：,由连词：as,as if,as though引导：The teacher told the students to do as he did.Leave it as it is.He heard a noise,as if someone was breathing.I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind

17、everything.,as if和as though意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。He treats me as if I were his own son.He walked as if he were drunk.,8、比较状语从句：,由连词asas,not so(as)as,than等引导：,I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area.,No one can be

18、 more fit for his office than he is.,He cant run so fast as she.,注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较 级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比 较状语从句内。如：,The more you study,the more you know.The harder we work,the happier we feel.,9、让步状语从句：,由though,although,as(虽然尽管),even if,even though,wh-ever,no matter-wh,whether引导.,whateverwhoeverwhich

19、everwheneverwhereverhowever,wh-ever,no matter whono matter whatno matter whichno matter whenno matter whereno matter how,no matter wh-,Though he is old,yet he is active.Although most of the people agreed,some were not willing to accepted.Proud as the nobles are,he is afraid to see me.We wouldnt lose

20、 heart even if we should fail ten times.,Whenever(=no matter when)you call on me,you are always welcome.Wherever(no matter where)you work,you can always find time to study.Take the one you like best,whichever(no matter which)it is.,No matter what I say or how I say it,he always thinks Im wrong.,Whet

21、her he comes or not,well discuss the problem this afternoon.,注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。,（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与but连用，但可以与yet,still等连用，用来加强语气。Though(Although)he was tired,yet(still)he went on working.,（3）as引导让步状语从句时从句部分 语序要部分倒装。如：,Young as

22、 he is,he can read and write in several foreign language.（表语提前）,Child as he was,he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Surrounded as we were by the enemy,we managed to march forward.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）,状语从句的“简化”现象,一、当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。If(it is)possible,he will help you out of the diffi

23、culty.You must attend the class unless(it is)inconvenient to you.,二、当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。,1.连词+形容词As(he was)young,he learned how to ride a bike.Whenever(she is)free,she often goes shopping.Work hard when(you are)young,or youll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。,2.连词+名词While(he was)a young boy,he was a

24、lways ready to help others.Although(he was)a farmer,now he is a famous director.,3.连词+现在分词As(she was)walking along the river bank,she was singing a pop song.Although(he is)doing his best in maths these days,he has still got no good marks.,4.连词+过去分词He wont go there with us unless(he is)invited.The co

25、ncert was a great success than(it was)expected.,5.连词+不定式He stood up as if(he were)to say something.He wouldnt solve the problem even if(he were)to take charge.,6.连词+介词短语She looked anxious as though(she was)in trouble.He had mastered the English language before(he was)in the USA.,When the meeting was over,all the people went out of the meeting-room.(=The meeting over,.),THANK YOU！,