英语修辞手法及练习.ppt

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1、写作修辞手法总结,1.simile metaphor2.synecdoche metonymy3.euphemism hyperbole4.ironysy nesthesia personification5.pun parody oxymoron,simile metaphor,1.明喻（simile）：是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现常用比喻词like,as,as if,as though等eg、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and

2、had passed me like a spirit.2.隐喻（metaphor）:这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物甲当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。eg、German guns and German planes rained down bombs,shells and bullets.,synecdoche metonymy,3.提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，提喻是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。换喻主要借助于密切的关系与联想，而提喻则是借助于部分相似。主要形式是局部代表全体，或以

3、全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。eg.The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth,but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.4.转喻(Metonymy):是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。转喻又称换喻，或借代。eg.He is fond of the bottle.,euphemism hyperbole,5.委婉,婉辞法(Euphemism):指用委

4、婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.eg.He is out visiting the necessary?6.夸张（hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。eg.My blood froze.,ironysy nesthesia personification,7.讽刺（irony）:用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。eg.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.8.通感（synesthesi

5、a）:sinsi:i是指在某个感官所产生的感觉转到另一个感官的心理感受。eg.Taste the music of Mozart.9.拟人（personification）:这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。eg.My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.,Pun Parody Oxymoron,10.双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。eg.Napoleon was

6、 astonished.”Either you are mad,or I am,”he declared.“Both，sir!”cried the Swede proudly.11.仿拟(rody);这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.eg.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.12.反意法,逆喻(Oxymoron):这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.eg.No light,but rather darkness visible.,alliterat

7、ion climax onomatopoeia,13.头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。eg.How and why he had come to Princeton,New Jersey is a story of struggle,success,and sadness.14.渐进法,层进法(Climax)这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.eg.Iam sorry,I am so sorry,I am so extreme

8、ly sorry.15、拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。eg.She banged the door after her.,exercise,1.Well,of course,I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.(irony)2.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997.(euphemism)3.Rome was not built in a day,nor in a year.(parody)4.hey s

9、hare the same roof.(synecdoche)5.He is a pig.(metaphor),.,6.She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(from“Watching Ants”)。(persnification)7.The noise was loud enough to,wake the dead.(hyperbole)8.If we dont hang together,we shall hang separately.(pun.)9.What had been experienced in the

10、 past was always looming in memory like a picture.(simile)10.The pen is mightier than the sword.(metonymy),.,11.chop,chop,we will miss the bus.(onomatopoeia)12.Eye had not seen nor ear heard,and nothing had touched his heart of stone.(climax)13.Bye,Bye,Balanced Budget(Alliteration)14.a surprised silence(Transferred Epithet)15.a bitter-sweet memories(oxymoron),