英汉翻译教程第一二章翻译的过程答案.ppt

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1、第二章 翻译的过程 Processes of Translation,第二章 翻译的过程2.1 正确理解 2.1.1 正确理解句子 2.1.2 正确理解段落与篇章2.2 流畅表达 2.2.1 关键词的表达 2.2.2 短语的表达 2.2.3 句子的表达 2.2.4 整体表达 2.3 认真审校第二章综合练习及参考译文,第二章重点,课堂互动1,课堂互动2,课堂互动3,课堂互动4,课堂互动5,课堂互动6,综合练习1,综合练习2,-end,3,翻译是在正确理解原文的基础上，用译入语文字创造性地再现原文思想内容的语言过程。第一步是理解，第二步是表达。,第二章翻译的过程Processes of Trans

2、lation,4,优美的译文必须经过下列翻译过程:,理解分析总体了解,表达转换重现原文,审校润色点睛出神,翻译的过程,小点结束,5,2.1 正确理解(Comprehension Reading),6,理解,篇章段落词句,词义的选择固定搭配、成语、短语、惯用词组歧义矛盾修辞 逻辑关系 夸张 重复 平行结构,理解的诸多方面如图所示：,7,2.1.1 正确理解句子,句子是表达一个完整思想的、具有一定语法特征的最基本的语言单位。翻译是不能只看半句话或开头几个词就动笔去译，要读完整个一句话，搞清句子结构，分析句子成分，句子传达的是什么意思，肯定什么，否定什么，提出什么问题，表达什么愿望或情感，是否隐含什

3、么，是否话中有话；还要看语言环境，根据一定的背景知识等。,8,例1：Having discovered an unknown island,they wintered upon it.(:Russians Eastward Expansion)【译文】他们发现了一个无名小岛后，便住了下来，在那里过冬。,9,例2：Eager to trust but determined to verify,many single women in an age of risky romance are hiring private detectives to check the background of t

4、heir suitors.(中国翻译，N0.5,1997)【译文】这个年月，就连谈情说爱都有暗礁。许多单身女子对向自己求婚者既急切地想以身相许，却又很想知道对方是否靠得住，于是就纷纷雇用私人侦探去查清对方的身世经历。,小节结束,10,2.1.2 正确理解段落与篇章,翻译首先要通读整个段落或全篇文章，先有个整体了解，知道说的是什么，要解决什么问题，关键在哪里，是什么结构，做到胸中有数。,11,例1：On Friday,October 19 of this year,when the afternoon sun was misty in an autumn sky,a part of Edgar

5、Snow returned forever to the campus of Beijing University;as a young man,he had taught in the department of journalism on these same grounds,at what was then called Yenching.(Louis W.Snow:Edgar Snows Return)【译文】今年10月19日，正好也是星期五。那是个秋日的下午，日色朦胧，埃德加 斯诺骨灰的一部分回到了北京大学校园并永远地安放在这里；他年轻时曾在这里的新闻系任教，当时北京大学还叫“燕京大

6、学”。,12,例2：It is hardly possible here to summarize his ideas.Suffice it to point out that they constitute a dependable response to the demands of a crisis which steadily increases the feelings of helplessness and hopelessness of the individual by asserting his primacy and supremacy and open up a pers

7、pective of restoring sanity and decency in public life.(M.N.Roy:Memoirs)【译文】此时此地，我们不可能概述他的思想。只要说明这一点就够了：人们由于主张个人第一、个人至上，这就日益增加了求助无门和失去希望的情绪，于是产生了危机，而他的思想就是对这种危机的出现所作出的可靠反应；同时，他的思想也在人们的生活中开创了恢复理性与公正的前景。,小节结束,13,1.Nor is the importance of trade likely to diminish for either China or the United States.

8、【译文】无论是中国还是美国，都不会缩小贸易的重要性。,课堂互动1：翻译句子（参考译文）,14,2.My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring.【译文】几乎是毫无意识地，我用手指抚摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，这新长的叶子和新开的花朵迎来了南方美好的春天。,课堂互动1：翻译句子（参考译文）,15,3.They say a person needs just three t

9、hings to be truly happy in this world.Someone to love,something to do and something to hope for.【译文】话说，人生幸福只需三条：有所爱，有所为，有所盼。,课堂互动1：翻译句子（参考译文）,16,4.He smiled at that,with a rueful curve of his lips,but his eyes were alight with an emotion she was afraid to identify.【译文】听了这话，她笑了，双唇合成一条曲线，露出一副悔恨的样子。但两眼

10、仍熠熠发光，脉脉含情。这种感情她不敢认同。,课堂互动1：翻译句子（参考译文）,17,课堂互动1：翻译句子（参考译文）,5Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank,and of having nothing to do:once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading,but it had no pictures or conversations in it,“and what is the use of a

11、 book,”thought Alice,“without pictures or conversation?”【译文】爱丽丝无所事事，跟姐姐一起闲坐岸边，开始感到厌倦了。姐姐正在看书，她瞥了一两眼，但是那书上并没有图画或对话。爱丽丝想，一本书中如果没有图画或是对话，那它又有什么用呢？,小节结束,18,2.2 流畅表达(Fluency in Expressing),表达就是准确地运用各种翻译技巧，以规范的汉语体现原文的内容，从而使所译的东西在内容和形式上成为有机的统一体。,19,例1：He came up to her,his red face,with its bloodshot eyes,

12、thrust forward,and gripped her arms.She cried in fear of him,struggled to be free.(D.H.Lawrence:Sons and Lovers)【译文】他走上前去，眼睛充满血丝，满脸通红地凑到她面前，一把抓住她的胳膊。她吓得叫了起来，挣扎着想脱身。,20,例2：Go back to Mississippi,go back to Alabama,go back to South Carolina,go back to Georgia,go back to Louisiana,go back to the slums

13、and ghettos of our Northern cities,knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed.Let us not wallow in the valley of despair.I say to you today,my friends,that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dream.It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dr

14、eam.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:“We hold these truths to be self-evident;that all men are created equal.”(Martin Luther King:I Have a Dream),21,【译文】让我们回到密西西比去，回到亚拉巴马去，回到南卡罗来纳去，回到佐治亚去，回到路易斯安娜去，回到我们北方城市中的贫民区和少数民族居住区去。要牢记，这种状况是能够，也必将改变

15、的。我们不要陷入绝望而不可自拔。朋友们，今天我对你们说，在此时此刻，我们虽然遭受种种困难和挫折，我仍然有一个梦想。这个梦想是深深扎根于美国的梦想中的。我梦想有一天，这个国家会站起来，真正实现其信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等。”,小节结束,22,翻译过程中要注意的问题：,关键词的表达 短语的表达 句子的表达 整体表达,23,2.2.1 关键词的表达,例1：He is a jovial giant,with a huge appetite for food,drink and women.(Brian Crozier:De Gaulle)【译文】他生性乐观，身材魁梧，贪食

16、贪杯又贪色。,24,例2：I wanted to be a man,and a man I am.【译文】我立志想做个真正的人；我现在终于成了一个真正的人。,25,例3：She was dancing gracefully in the room.【译文】她正在房间里跳舞，动作非常优雅。,小节结束,26,1.He excels others in every expect.【译文】他在各方面都优于他人。2.I get positively angry with the impertinence of it and the everlastingness.【译文】这么鲁莽无礼，没完没了，真让我生

17、气。,课堂互动2：翻译句子（参考译文）,27,课堂互动2：翻译句子（参考译文）,3China is a very big country with a very big population.【译文】中国幅员辽阔，人口众多。,28,课堂互动2：翻译句子（参考译文）,4The key to everything is patience.You get the chicken by hatching the egg not by smashing it.【译文】耐心是一切的关键。小鸡是从蛋里孵出来的，不是把蛋壳敲破取出来的。,29,课堂互动2：翻译句子（参考译文）,5Histories make

18、men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtle;natural philosophy deep;moral grave;logic and rhetoric able to contend.(Francis Bacon:Of Studies)【译文】读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑和修辞使人善辩，能够争论。（王佐良译）,小节结束,30,2.2.2 短语的表达,例1：He has paid the debt of nature.【译文】他已经死了。,31,例2：The explorers worked their

19、way up the mountain.【译文】勘探人员十分艰难地慢慢地爬上高山。,32,例3：Dance music began to play,Sarah was the only woman present,and she had her work cut out.(:The Second War)【译文】舞曲响起来了，萨拉是在场的惟一女性，她可真给“忙”坏了。,33,例4：My hand moved by mistake and I spilled my drink on my leg.【译文】我失手把饮料撒到了腿上。,34,例5：So we go about our petty ta

20、sks,hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.(Helen Keller:Three Days to See)【译文】我们就这样终日忙碌于鸡毛蒜皮的琐碎小事，几乎没有意识到我们对待生命的态度是消极冷漠的。,小节结束,35,1A man is in his best shape in the decade before age 25.His muscles are firmest,his resistance to colds and infections is highest,and his body is most efficie

21、nt in utilizing nutrients.【译文】男人在25岁前的10年中身体最棒、肌肉最结实、对感冒和传染病的抵御力最强、身体摄取营养的效率最高。,课堂互动3：翻译句子（参考译文）,36,2After singing,she sits on audiences hands.【译文】唱完歌，观众不给她鼓掌。3Every time he comes to New York,he wants to paint the town red.【译文】每次来纽约，他都要痛饮一番。,课堂互动3：翻译句子（参考译文）,37,4The game was rained off.【译文】比赛因雨暂停举行。

22、5In the moment of fire，telephone the message to 119.【译文】如有火情，请拨打火警电话119。,课堂互动3：翻译句子（参考译文）,小节结束,38,2.2.3 句子的表达,例1：His learning I admire,but his character I despise.【译文】他的学识我佩服，但他的人格我鄙视。,39,例2：The thought of returning filled me with fear.【译文】一想到还要返回，我心里就害怕。,40,例3：Ive been giving the thought some consi

23、deration.【译文】我一直在考虑这个问题。,41,例4：The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days,but never on the English language.【译文】现在，英国已不再是那个“日不落”帝国了，但是，英语却在广泛使用着。,42,例5：Environmental degradation and population growth,with consequent increase in demand for water,have contributed to a shortage of good quality

24、 fresh water.【译文】环境退化和人口增长，以及随之而来的对水的需求不断增加，这使得优质淡水的短缺变得更为严重。,小节结束,43,1.Everyone recognizes the importance of speaking English well.In school one of the chief things to learn and to practice may be the reading and writing of English,but in everyday life we convey our thoughts to other people by spea

25、king far more often than by writing.【译文】人人都知道讲一口流利的英语有多重要。在学校，我们学习和练习的主要内容之一是读写英语，殊不知在日常生活中我们与人交流思想时发现说比写的机会要多得多。,课堂互动4：翻译句子（参考译文）,44,2Imagination will often carry us to worlds that never were.But without it,we go nowhere.【译文】幻想常把我们带入虚无之乡，而缺乏想象又会使我们驻足不前。,课堂互动4：翻译句子（参考译文）,45,3There are only three typ

26、es of people:those who make things happen,those who watch things happen and those who say,“What happened?”【译文】世上只有三种人：实干者，旁观者，打探者。,课堂互动4：翻译句子（参考译文）,46,课堂互动4：翻译句子（参考译文）,4.The real art of conversation is not only to say the right thing in the right place,but to leave the wrong thing unsaid at the temp

27、ting moment.【译文】谈话的艺术不仅是善于分别场合，说话得当，而且要在忍不住的场合强忍下不得当的话。,47,课堂互动4：翻译句子（参考译文）,5.Kind hearts are the gardens;kind thoughts are the roots;kind words are the flowers;kind deeds are the fruits.【译文】仁慈的心肠是花园；高尚的情操是根基；友好的话语是花朵；慷慨的行为是硕果。,小节结束,48,2.2.4 整体表达,例1：All the summer world was bright and fresh.There wa

28、s a song in every heart;there was cheer in every face and a spring in every step.(Mark Twain:Adventures of Tom Sawyer)【译文】整个的夏季世界显得光明灿烂，生气勃勃。人人心里哼着小调，个个脸上都流露着喜色，走路步履充满活力。,49,例2：I have known very many of them,professionally and privately,and if I pleased,could relate divers histories,at which good-na

29、tured gentlemen might smile,and sentimental souls might weep.(Herman Melville:Bartleby,the Scrivener)【译文】由于职业和私人交往，我认识了不少这样的人。要是我兴致所至，就可讲出他们各自的故事经历，好心温厚者闻之，准会莞尔而笑；多愁善感的人儿听了，就会潸然泪下。,50,例3:To be,or not to be:that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageo

30、us fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them.(Shakespeare:Hamlet)【译文】生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题；默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清；这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？（朱生豪译）,51,例4It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it.It was a day

31、 compounded from silences of bees and flower and ocean and land,which were not silences at all,but motions,stirs,flutters,risings,each in its own time and motionless rhythm.【译文】绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，这日子是如此清新可爱；蜜蜂无语，春花不声，海波歌歇，大地声寂，这日子是如此平静安谧。然而，并非静谧，因为万物以其特有的节奏，或动、或摇、或震、或起、或伏，平衡协调。,52,例5：Rebeccas wit,clever

32、ness,and flippancy made her speedily the vogue in London among a certain class.You saw demure chariots at her door,out of which stepped very great people.You beheld her carriage in the Park,surrounded by dandies of note.The little box in the third tier of the Opera was crowed with heads constantly c

33、hanging;but it must be confessed that the ladies held aloof from her,and that their doors were shut to our little adventurer.(William Thackeray:Vanity Fair)【译文】利蓓人又聪明，小嘴又俏皮，喜欢油嘴滑舌地说笑话，在伦敦自有人捧她，立刻就成了这些人里面的尖儿。她门前常常停着一辆辆马车，行止十分掩密，里面走出来的全是大阔人。她常常在公园兜风，马车旁边挤满了有名的花花公子。她在歌剧院三层楼有个小包厢，里面总有一大堆人，而且每次不同。可说句实话所有

34、的太太们看她不是个正经货，从来不和她打交道。,小节结束,53,1School is not easy and it is not for the most part very much fun,but then,if you are very lucky,you may find a real teacher.Three real teachers in a lifetime are the very best of my luck.(英语世界，N0.5,1992)【译文】上学可不是件轻松的事，而且大部分也没什么趣味；不过要是你的造化好，也许会碰上个真正的好老师。我最大的幸运，就是一生中有过三

35、位这样的好老师。,课堂互动5：翻译句子（参考译文）,54,2.But what really is a clone?A clone is born from an embryo,which is genetically identical to the donor animal and is carried to term by a surrogate mother.The resulting newborn animal is essentially an identical twin of the donor“parent”with the same similarities and di

36、fferences of such twins in that species.Whatever the case,animal-cloning knowledge is growing rapidly and certainly holds applications we have not even imagines today.The ability to reprogram a cells DNA may be one of the most significant biological achievements of the 20th Century.【译文】可是，克隆动物究竟是怎么回

37、事？克隆动物来自基因与供体动物相同的一个胚胎，该胚胎由另一母体代孕至足月。由此而来的新生命本质上是供体“父母”的同卵双生，具有该动物孪生者之异同。无论事实如何，动物克隆技术发展迅速，其广阔的应用当今人难以想象。重组细胞的DNA也许是20世纪最重大的生物学成就之一。,课堂互动5：翻译句子（参考译文）,55,3My father had particularly large hands.Oil often was pounded into his palms,his fingers,filling every crease and fold.Buddy,as he was called,would

38、 scrub with soap,but the oil wouldnt give.His hands were covered with scars,healing cuts,and freshly blackened nails.The cuts were of the sort and size that would send me,and most likely you as well,to the emergency room for stitches;for Buddy,they were commonplace.【译文】我们都把父亲叫“大哥”。父亲的一双大手，真是大得出奇，常常沾

39、满了机油，甚至连掌纹、指甲缝里都是。父亲总是用肥皂使劲地搓洗双手机油可不容易洗掉。父亲的手伤痕累累，旧疤没掉，又添新伤，指甲常常是青的青，紫的紫。有时，父亲的手伤得很厉害，伤口大得吓人，要是换了我或者别人，肯定会跑到急诊室去缝针了，可父亲从来就不往心里去。,课堂互动5：翻译句子（参考译文）,56,4.He read over and over all the letters which he ever had from herletters of business relative to the little property which he had made her believe her

40、 husband had left to herbrief notes of invitationevery scrap of writing that she had ever sent to himhow cold,how kind,how hopeless,how selfish they were!(William Thackeray:Vanity Fair)【译文】他拿出她所有的信来反反复复地看。有的信上是关于怎么处置她那一小笔财产的问题（他仍旧骗她说是丈夫留给她的遗产）；有的是从前给他的请帖；只要是从她那里寄来的，有她笔迹的小纸片，他都拿出来看了又看。她的口气多么冷淡，多么和蔼，多

41、么自私，多么令人绝望!,课堂互动5：翻译句子（参考译文）,57,5.There are many things that we do in our own culture that we never ask questions about.We do things without thinking about them because we have always done them in the same way.When we are in another culture or with people from a different culture,we see that people

42、do things in many different ways.One of the first differences we notice is the forms of address that are used in the culture.The language that people use to address each other tells us many things about a culture.【译文】在自己的文化里我们所做的很多事从不需要问为什么，做事时也不需考虑什么，因为我们往往用同样的方式处理这些事情。而当我们处于另一种文化中或与来自另一种文化的人交往时，我们

43、就可以看出，人们做事的方式不尽相同。我们首先注意到的是不同文化的人相互称呼的方式不同。人们相互称呼时所使用的语言可反映出某一文化的丰富内涵。,课堂互动5：翻译句子（参考译文）,58,翻译的基本功：基本词汇、基本语法、基本知识（史地文哲、社会自然、风土人情等）。,小节结束,59,审校就是检查译文有无遗漏丢失、错译误译、前后矛盾、关系混乱、文体逻辑等方面的问题；同时还要润色文字，在译文的“传达”上下功夫，力求用词贴切，文从字顺，增强译语的可读性。,2.3 认真审校(Proofreading&Correction),60,审校三步骤：初校 复校 定稿,61,标点符号例如：An English pro

44、fessor wrote the words“woman without her man is nothing”on the blackboard and directed students to punctuate them correctly.The male students wrote:“Woman without her man,is nothing.”The female students wrote:“Woman!Without her,man is nothing.”【译文】一位英语教授在黑板上写了这么一句话“女人没有她男人就什么都不是。”然后让学生用正确标点符号标点出来。男同

45、学这样标点，“女人，没有她男人，就什么都不是。”女同学则这样标点，“女人！没有她，男人就什么都不是。”,62,还有一则外国笑话，说的是有一家理发店门口有这样一个广告：“What do you think I shave you for nothing,and give you a drink!”“本理发店刮胡子修面，不收钱，还给一杯酒喝，怎么样？”生意好起来后，理发师便偷加标点：“What！Do you think I shave you for nothing,and give you a drink?”“怎么？你认为我会给你免费刮脸修面，并且还给你一杯酒喝吗？”,63,Xiao Yan，a

46、 timid girl is arguing heatedly with the students about it.小燕(呼语)，有个腼腆的姑娘现在正热烈地和同学们辩论。Xiao Yan，a timid girl，is arguing heatedly with the students about it.小燕是个腼腆的姑娘，现在也正热烈地和同学们辩论。,64,Tommy Adrews says the boy is a silly donkey.汤米安德鲁斯说，这孩子是个大笨蛋。Tommy Adrews,says the boy,is a silly donkey.男孩子说，汤米安德鲁斯是

47、个大笨蛋。,Do you know her brother?你认识她的哥哥吗？Do you know her,Brother?哥哥，你认识她吗？,65,All Londoners who are born within the sound of Bow Bells are called cockneys.所有土生土长的伦敦人被称为是伦敦佬。All Londoners，who are born within the sound of Bow Bells,are called cockneys.所有的伦敦人都是土生土长的，他们都被称为是伦敦佬。,66,Be good boys你们要做好孩子啊！Be

48、 good,boys孩子们,要学乖一些！,Come now.Dont waste time勿误时间，现在就来。Come,now.Dont waste time.好的，来吧。不要浪费时间啦!,67,Where is my bookmark？我的书签在哪儿？Where is my book，Mark？玛克，我的书在哪儿？,If you want to be slim,dont eat fast.要想苗条，那就别吃得太快。If you want to be slim,dont eat.Fast!要想苗条，那就别吃饭，饿着吧！,小节结束,68,下面是一篇英语短文，有三种不同译文，分析比较并说明其翻译特

49、点：As regards health,I have nothing useful to say since I have little experience of illness.I eat and drink whatever I like,and sleep when I cannot keep awake.I never do anything whatever on the ground that it is good for health,though in actual fact the things I like doing are mostly wholesome.(to b

50、e continued),课堂互动6：课堂讨论,69,Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age.One of these is undue absorption in the past.It does not do to live in memories,in regrets for the good old days or in sadness about friends who are dead.Ones thoughts must be directed to the future,and