非谓语动词、并列句、主从复合句重点归纳.ppt

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1、一、非谓语动词,非谓语动词,常见错误：一个句子中常出现2个谓语动 词，不符合句子的正确语法结构。解决办法：1、用逗号及连词连接两个简单句 2、应用非谓语动词形式,非谓语动词的分类,1、不定式（表主动、表将来）He decided to marry Mary.2、-ing形式 1）动名词（表一件事）I like learning English.2)现在分词（表主动或进行）We stood there,chatting.3、-ed形式（表被动或完成）The apple eaten by Tom is mine.,要点之一,当非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成式。及老师们平常所强调的

2、时间差.比如：Having finished my English homework,I go out to play with Mary.否则，就用一般式:Finishing my English homework,I feel relaxed.,要点之二（属语法规定，需记忆）,以下动词只能接不定式：ask sb to do sth;demand sb to do sth;plan to do sth;intend to do sth;mean to do sth;manage to do sth;do/try ones best to do sth;make an attempt to d

3、o sth;learn to do sth;wish to do sth;hope to do sth;desire to do sth;expect to do sth;long to do sth(希望去做)；want to do sth;would like to do sth;should like to do sth;would prefer to do sth;agree to do sth;promise to do sth;decide to do sth;,determine to do sth;choose to do sth;make a decision to do s

4、th;make up ones mind to do sth;offer to do sth;apply to do sth;help to do sth;fail to do sth;prepare to do sth;pretend to do sth;refuse to do sth;happen to do sth;afford to do sth,以下动词只能接动名词：,Allow doing sth;permit doing sth;consider doing sth;suggest doing sth;advise doing sth;keep(on)doing sth;fin

5、ish doing sth;imagine doing sth;practise doing sth;understand doing sth;appreciate doing sth;enjoy doing sth;miss doing sth;prevent doing sth;forbid doing sth;escape doing sth;include doing sth;,Include doing sth;forgive doing sth;pardon doing sth;excuse doing sth;dislike doing sth;discuss doing sth

6、;report doing sth;admit doing sth;mind doing sth;risk doing sth;cant stand doing sth;burst out doing;feel like doing sth;insist on doing sth;delay doing sth;put off doing sth;give up doing sth;be busy doing sth;be worth doing sth.,注意区别一下几组短语,Remember to do&remember doingForget to do&forget doing Reg

7、ret to do®ret doing Try to do&try doingGo on to do&go on doingMean to do&mean doingStop to do&stop doing Cant help to do&cant help doing,要点之三,“需要”主动表被动的情况Need doing Want doingRequire doing 也可以用不定式的被动式如：need to be doneThe flower needs watering.The flower needs to be watered.,要点之四,省略to 的情况：Make sb

8、do sthLet sb do sthHave sb do sth比较：Have the boy stand out of the classroom,he is so noisy.Dont have the boy standing out of the classroom,its so cold outside.另，hear sb do sth,&hear sb to be done see sb do sth,&see sb to be done watch sb do sth&watch sb to be done,要点之五,注意这组词的运用：1)Lost&MissingMy wall

9、et is lost/missing.This is the missing child.Lost in thought,I didnt realize what had happened.2)Faced&facingFaced with so many difficulties,I choose to Facing so many difficulties,I choose to,二、并列句,并列句,多见于基础写作部分。学生常见错误在于缺少用连词的习惯，该部分要认真记忆，名师P232页。,要点之一,平行结构固定句型not but.The man is not Tom but Jim.eith

10、er or；neither nor(就近原则)Either he or you are right.not only.but also.(就近原则)Not only men but also women were chosen.,would rather than.(接动词原型)PLA soldiers would rather die kneeling than live standing.rather than(就远原则)You rather than I are going to go camping.as well as(就远原则)Jim,as well as his parents,

11、is going to Beijing for holiday.,要点之二,固定结构：祈使句+or/and+简单句/陈述句（表结果）。比如：Turn left,and you will see the toilet.Shut up,or you will get beaten.,三、主从复合句,主从复合句的重要性,是高中语法板块中的重中之重。是高考的必考项目。考试中常出现在：语法、写作、口语考试第三部分等,主从复合句的分类,1、名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2、状语从句：时间状语从句、地点、原因、让步、条件、方式、比较、目的、结果状语从句等3、定语从句：限制性定语从句、非

12、限制性定语从句（同学们应相对应的找一个例句加以记忆、理解）,要点之一,在表示“是否”时，引导宾语从句可用if 或whether,但在介词后或者与or not 连用时只能用whether;引导表语从句、同位语从句或者位于句首的主语从句时候，只能用whether,不能用if.(技巧：什么时候都用whether,不会错的)Ask him whether he can come or not.I wonder whether/if I can get some money form you.,要点之二,that 引导名词性从句时候，没有任何意义，是一个纯连词；但that引导定语从句时候是关系代词，代表

13、先行词，在句子中担当成分，以后实在的意义。思考：Tom told me that he had eaten the apple that Mary bought from the market this morning.,要点之三,定语从句中只能用that,不用which 的几种情况：1、当先行词为all,little,few,much,any,anything,everything,nothing,none,the one时，或者先行词被all,little,few,much,any，no 修饰时。2、当先行词是序数词或者最高级时，或他们修饰的时候。3、当先行词同时包括人和物时候。如：Lux

14、un and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.,要点之四,非限制性定语从句中which 和as 的用法区别：1、which用于句中，as 用多于句首，有时句中。2、which 理解成“这”；as理解成“正如”3、as引导的定语从句表示周所周知的事情。As is known to all,China is a big country.4、as 常用于一些固定搭配中：as is often the case;as we expected;as often happens;as is known to all;as has been said before;as is mentioned above 等，要求大家记忆并运用。,