物理专业英语讲解.ppt
《物理专业英语讲解.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《物理专业英语讲解.ppt(107页珍藏版)》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、英语分类,公共英语(Ordinary English、Common English、General English)专业英语(Specialized English、Professional English、English for Special Science and Technology),2.Exams Classroom participation:20%;paper:40%Final exam:40%,1.Contents,3.Suggestions for You,教学基本要求,1、能顺利阅读物理学有关专业的原版教科书、参考书及其他参考资料,能掌握其中心大意,抓住主要事实和有关细节
2、。2、对其中重要的论著和文献等材料能正确理解、抓住要点,并对其内容进行分析、推理、判断和综合概括3、能写作简单的专业语句,能正确无误地写作论文的英文摘要。4、阅读是侧重,基本上结合阅读实践来讲解,Dynamics is the study of forces and their effects on the motions of bodies.The cause of acceleration is a force exerted by some external agent or environment.The fundamental properties of force and the
3、relationship between force and acceleration are given by Newtons three laws of motion.The first of these laws describes the natural state of motion of a free body on which no external forces are acting,whereas the other two laws deal with the behavior of bodies under the influence of force.,两者的共同之处:
4、词汇、语法基本相通。两者的不同之处:具有各自的特点。例如,公共英语:随意性(randomicity)、口语性(colloquialism)、感情性强(emotionality)。,科技英语的特点,1、客观性,被动语态多,传统上,一般尽量少用或不用we、you、I、they。近代打破了这个清规戒律,但还是要尽可能减少出现次数。,If the battery is disconnected,the capacitor retains the charge and the voltage associated with it.如果断开电池,电容将保持电荷和与电荷相关的电压。,Also if a co
5、il is placed on an iron core,its inductance will be greater than it was without the magnetic core.而且,如果线圈中放一个铁芯,它的电感将比没有铁芯的线圈的电感大。此句than引导一个比较状语从句。,科技英语的特点,以人为主与也不要用We,you,而经常用one来代替。:The laser performances at 1.33 m in continuous wave(cw)and passive Q-switching operation of a diode-end-pumped Nd:Gd
6、3AlxGa5-xO12(Nd:GAGG)laser have been investigated for the first time.,2、专业英语长句多。一个句子除主句外,往往在句中穿插许多从句和分词、不定式非谓语形式。With a non-critically phase-matched KTA crystal,a high-power intracavity optical parametric oscillator(IOPO)driven by a diode-side-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has bee
7、n realized.。,3、专业术语多,许多词汇只在本专业使用.如 cold boot,circuit diagram、energy band。4、半专业词汇较多,介于公共与专业之间,不同专业词汇含义不同.如 driver,司机、驱动源、驱动器 operation 机械操作 军事作战 计运算 医手术 carrier 机械托架、底盘军事 航空母舰 半导体载流子医带毒者通信 载波 航天运载工具、火箭 日常搬运工(车、船),5、利用前后缀合成新词多,前后缀共有500多,必须掌握50 个最基本的前后缀,如Sub-,有下面(sub-layer)、次(sub-wave)、小(sub-quantity)和
8、子(sub-field)的含义。6、缩、略写的词多,如,laser(light amplified by stimulated emission radiation)、PE(potential energy)、KE(kinetic energy)、FCC(Face-centred cubic)、HCP(Hexagonal close-packing)、BCC(Body-centred cubic)。,7、省略句The first treatment would require a minimum of 48 hours,while the second treatment would requ
9、ire only 26 hours.第一次处理最少需要48小时,而第二次处理只需要26小时。可以省略为:The first treatment would require a minimum of 48 hours,the second only 26 hours.,-If(it is)alloyed with tin,copper forms a series of alloys which are known as bronze.如果将铜与锡熔合,就能形成叫做青铜的一系列合金 由关联词that或which引导的定语从句,可将关联词和从句谓语中的助动词一并省略。如上句中的which可予省略,
10、留下作定语用的分词known as bronze;并且还可进一步省略成:-Alloyed with tin,copper forms a bonze.用锡合金化,铜就形成青铜。,常见省略句型,As already discussed 如前面讨论过的 As noted later 如后面所说明的 If any(anything)如果有的话,即使需要也 If convenient 如果方便的话 If necessary 必要时,如果必要的话 If possible 如有可能 If required 如果需要(的话)If not 即使不 If so 如果是这样,果真如此 When in use 在使
11、用时;当工作时 When necessary 必要时 When needed 需要时,如果需要 Where possible 在可能的情况下,如有可能,翻译技巧,一、翻译的标准,准确、简练、流畅,1.译文要忠实于原文,准确完整表达原文的内容,使译文在表达思想、精神、风格体裁上与原文完全相同。2.语言必须符合规范,符合本民族语言习惯。3.专业术语正确,数据无误,具有科学性。,准确,You cannot be too careful.I couldnt get home fast enough.我恨不得马上回到家里。No man can have too many friends.朋友愈多愈好。,
12、简练,Let those who can serve as teachers.(让那些能当老师的人来当老师。)能者为师When a straight bar is subjected to a tensile load,the bar becomes longer.直杆受拉,则伸长。,流畅,The assumption of a uniform distribution of stress is frequently made in design.在设计中,常常采用压力均布的假定。,应该注意避免死译和乱译,死译-the Milky Way(牛奶路)银河-black tea(黑茶)红茶-bull
13、s eye(公牛眼睛)靶心-talk horse(谈马)吹牛,应该注意避免死译和乱译,死译-Problems encountered in the test indicate the need for following additional design refinements.死译:试验中碰到的问题指明了下述另外的设计改进的必要。正确:试验中出现的问题表明:还需要对原设计进行下述改进。-There is not room in this chapter to do any more than mention some of the research which has been carri
14、ed out.死译:在本章中,没有地方来做比提及某些已经进行的研究更多的事情。正确:限于篇幅,本章只提及某些业已进行的研究工作。,应该注意避免死译和乱译,乱译-To do this aircraft will fly at 2000 to 4000 m.p.h.乱译:制成这样的飞机,飞机每小时要飞行2000到4000英里。正译:要做到这一点,飞机每小时要飞行2000到4000英里。,二、翻译方式1.直译 指忠实地保持原文的用词、语法、结构及语气风格等。尽力保持原文精粹和面目2.意译 译文大胆打破原文用词、语法结构语气风格的限制。符合汉语的表达方式和习惯。,例一,One way to pictu
15、re the earth and the moon is to think of them as a pair of dancing partners spinning wildly around a dance floor with the sun in the center.Since the earth is 81 times as heavy as the moon,it is the anchorman in the dance.(taken from We Reach the Moon)一个描述地球和月球的方法,是将它们想象成一对舞伴,在一个以太阳为中心的跳舞场周围热烈地旋转。地球
16、比月球重八十一倍,所以它是跳舞中的男舞伴。(摘自我们到了月球),例 二,Jet propulsion is a practical application of Newtons third law of motion which states that,for every force acting on a body there is an opposite and reaction.For aircraft propulsion,the“body”is atmospheric air that is caused to accelerate as it passes through the
17、engine.The force required to give this acceleration.A jet engine produces thrust in a similar way to the propeller/engine combination,but whereas the propeller gives a small acceleration to a large weight of air,the jet engine gives a large acceleration to a small weight of air.(taken from Principle
18、s of Jet Propulsion),喷气推进是牛顿的运动第三定律的具体运用。第三定律说:“作用在一个物体上的任何力,都有一个大小相等方向相反的作用力”。对于飞机推进来说,“物体”就是大气,大气通过发动机时获得加速。加速大气的力在相反方向也产生一个使飞行器加速的大小相等的力。喷气发动机与螺旋桨式发动机的方式相似,但螺旋桨给大量空气以小的加速度,而喷气发动机则给小量的空气以大的加速度。(摘自喷气推进原理),Skills of Translation词类转译(I),在英译汉过程中,由于英汉两种语言的语言结构和表达方式不同,不能逐词对译。原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类,才能使译文通顺自然。,(
19、一)名词的转换,名词转换为动词名词在英汉两种语言中的使用有各自不同的特点。英语中,一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词,因此名词用得多些;而汉语中一个句子往往可以连用几个动词或动词词组,因此动词用得多些。英译汉中如果逐词对译的话,往往难以符合汉语的表达习惯,将英语名词转换成汉语动词后,这一问题便迎刃而解。具体有下面两种情况:,(1)将由动词派生的名词转译成动词,例:I have no private interest in the acceptance of my inventions by the world.我的发明为世界所采用,我未从中获得任何私利。,2名词转换为形容词,一些由形容词派生的英语名
20、词和一些作表语的英语名词在译成汉语时,有时需要转换成汉语的形容词。例:The launching was proved to be a success.事实证明这次发射是成功的。,3名词转换为副词,一些英语名词还可以转换成副词。例:He had the kindness to show me the way.他十分友好地给我指路。,(二)动词的转换,动词转换成名词 英语中有不少动词是由名词派生或转用而来的,翻译这些动词时往往难以找到对应的汉语动词,因此需要把它们还原成名词。例:Television works in much the same way as radio.电视机的工作原理与无线电
21、广播几乎完全相同。,1.This current is dependent on the voltage of the battery,on the dimensions of the sample,and on the conductivity of the material itself.(流过材料的)电流取决于电池的电压、材料的截面积和材料自身的电阻率。be dependent(on):“由决定,取决于”,后接三个on连接的并列宾语。,One ohm is defined as that amount of resistance that will limit the current i
22、n a conductor is one ampere when the voltage applied to the conductor is one volt.本句可译为:1欧姆的定义是:当加到导体上的电压为1伏特时,将导体中的电流限制在1安培所需的电阻值。,a)be defined as:“被定义为”,后接宾语,此处为省略“that”的宾语从句。b)该句为双重复合句,在as后的宾语从句中又分别带有一个定语从句和一个when引导的状语从句。句中出现两个that,第一个that作定语修饰amount,第二个that引导定语从句,修饰前面的名词短语。,The capacitance is di
23、rectly proportional to the dielectric constant of the material and to the area of the plates and inversely to the distance of the plates.电容器的电容量与介质的介电常数及平板的面积成正比,与平板间的距离成反比。to directly proportional:“与成正比”b)to inversely proportional to:“与成反比”,When a current passes through the coil,a magnetic field is
24、 set up around it that tends to oppose rapid changes in current intensity.本句可译为:当电流通过线圈时,在线圈周围将产生磁场,它将阻止电流的快速变化。句中that引导定语从句,修饰a magnetic field,it指代the coil。Also if a coil is placed on an iron core its inductance will be greater than it was without the magnetic core.本句可译为:而且,如果线圈中放一个铁芯,它的电感将比没有铁芯的线圈
25、的电感大。此句than引导一个比较状语从句。,Skills of Translation词类转译(),(三)形容词的转换(1)形容词转换为动词英语形容词除了修饰名词以外常常和系动词一起构成系表结构,表示各种状态、知觉、情感、态度、欲望等等,后面可以通过介词接宾语。翻译时,往往把这类形容词转译成动词。以下是一些通常可译成动词的“形容词+介词”的结构:,dependent on(upon)取决于,依赖于destitute of 缺乏,没有destructive of(to)有害于,有损于devoid of 缺少,缺乏different from 不同于empty of 缺少,没有equal to
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 物理 专业 英语 讲解
![提示](https://www.31ppt.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
链接地址:https://www.31ppt.com/p-5998497.html