新编商务英语精读4unit.ppt

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1、Unit 3 Organizational Culture,In business world,organizational culture takes the form of“corporate culture”,which means the fostered and accepted way all members of a company do things.,And corporate culture is initially established by the founder of a company,passed down and represented in all the

2、companys activities(especially ceremonial activities)and staffs speech and behavior.,Usually,corporate culture is divided into four stratums:1)material contents;2)behavioral contents;3)systematic contents;4)spiritual contents.,Corporate culture is virtually representing the values,development goals

3、of the company,unifying all staffs minds,speech and behavior.,Why corporate culture can receive peoples increasing attention?,Reading one,Part I(P1)Introduction:The concept of organizational culture&discourse community.Part II(P23)Different cultures in different organizations are constructed by the

4、people who found and change the organization.Part III(P45)Analysis of an organizations culture and subculture.Part IV(P68)Analysis of an organizations discourse communities and its coverage.,Structure,sensitive:a.quick to feel or show the effect of be sensitive to:对敏感 e.g.Enterprises in market econo

5、my must be sensitive to market information.n.+-sensitive adj.对敏感的 e.g.These are all light-sensitive materials.Market-sensitive businesses can stand more chance of success.,key language points,sensible:a.明智的，通晓事理的 sensory:a.感觉的，感官的 sentimental:a.情绪的；多愁善感的 sensational:a.很好的；轰动的，煽情的,2)value(1)n.relativ

6、e worth or importance 价值 e.g.The company has patronized many things to the value of$100.000.Market concentration refers to the certain proportion of the total market value.(2)v.to regard or esteem highly 重视；珍视 e.g.Each business should value their public image and reputation.,行业集中度(Concentration Rati

7、o)又称行业集中率或市场集中度（Market Concentration Rate）是指某行业的相关市场内前N家最大的企业所占市场份额（产值、产量、销售额、销售量、职工人数、资产总额等）的总和，是对整个行业的市场结构集中程度的测量指标，用来衡量企业的数目和相对规模的差异，是市场势力的重要量化指标,valuable:a.值钱的，贵重的 face value:面值 end/terminal value:最终值 value in use:使用价值 actual value:实际价值 mean value:平均值 predicted value;预计值 added value:增值 value-kee

8、ping;保值 value in account:帐款 value-adding:增值,3)balance(1)n.the amount of sth.that remains after some has been used or spent 剩余（部分)，结余 e.g.The balance of my current account is 2,000 yuan.(2)v.to be equal to 保持的平衡 e.g.The housewife goes to great length to balance the income and expenses.结平（账目）；(付清欠债)结(

9、账)，销(账)balance an account/ones books 结账；balance the budget 平衡预算（使收支相抵）,balance of payments:国际收支 balance of stock:存货余额 balance sheet:资产负债表 balance of trade:贸易差额,（4）Constitute:make up for;form;be composed of 组成，构成 Seven days constitute a week.Twelve people constitute a jury.12人组成陪审团,(5)Overlap：1)partl

10、y cover sth by extending over its edge2)Partly coincide(with sth)部分巧合、一致 Our visits to the town overlapped.His duties and mine overlap.,6)His eyes were strangely compelling.他的眼睛有一种奇特的吸引力。new and compelling evidence 新的有说服力的证据。7)We should address a man as Sir and a woman as Madame,Lady,or Ms.,(8)He is

11、 deferential to his superiors.showing an excessively deferential manner 表现出非常恭敬的举止,(9)float trial balloonMost of us know balloons from festivals and fun fairs,where they are colorful and amusing,but in the 19th century,before airplanes were invented,balloons were used in wartimes to spy on the enemy

12、 position.One or two men would go up with a telescope in a balloon tied to the ground with a rope.However,because the enemy might fire a cannon at them,this was dangerous.,So before men would go up in a balloon,they would first float(or send up)a trial balloon without any men in it to test the situa

13、tion.If the enemy tried to shoot that trial balloon,the men would not go up.From this origin,today we use this idiom in any situation where we want to measure public reaction or opinion before committing a lot of money and effort to some project.,1)Be sensitive to the culture in which your audiences

14、 work and the discourse community of which they are a part.英译：Be aware of the culture to which your audiences are exposed and the discourse community to which they belong.汉译：应对沟通对象所处的文化及所属的话语群体十分了解。,Difficut sentences,2)A discourse community is a group of people who share assumptions about what chan

15、nel formats,and styles to use for communication,what topics to discuss and how to discuss them,and what constitutes evidence.英译：A discourse community is a group of people who have the same view of what channels,formats,and styles to adopt for communication,what topics to discuss and how to discuss t

16、hem,and what composes evidence.汉译：话语群体指的是这样一群人，他们有共同的交际途径、模式和风格，有共同的交际话题及交际方式，且有共同的依据标准。,Difficut sentences,Discourse community is a term used in linguistics to describe the users of a particular style of language.Each discourse community has its own unwritten rules about what can be said and how it

17、 can be said.Most people move within and between different discourse communities every day.,3)Does it value independence and creativity or being a team player and following orders?英译：Does the organization attach great importance to its employees ability to work independently and their creativity or

18、does it stress cooperation and obedience?汉译：该组织是看重其成员的独立性和创造性，还是看中其合作能力和执行能力？,Difficut sentences,4)Lawyers at another agency may see themselves writing multi-purposed,compelling documents designed not only to carry the weight of litigation but also to enhance the organizations image in the eyes of i

19、ts various publics.英译：Lawyers at another agency may consider their documents having several purposes and compelling,and they are written not only for litigation but also to strengthen the organizations public image.汉译：另一事务所的律师却可能认为，自己是在撰写多用途文件，文件不仅是用来进行诉讼，而且还有助于提升企业在不同公众群体心目中的形象。,Difficut sentences,

20、Reading two,How much do you know about Honda?,本田汽车公司（Honda Motor）是汽车行业的彼得潘（Peter Pan）一家拒绝长大的公司。作为世界上最年轻的以及少数几家保持独立的主要汽车制造商，本田一向喜欢我行我素。本田坚决维护其创始人所倡导的独立行事、快速行动的企业文化，大胆地在全球战略、产品概念以及可持续使用的资源等方面坚持走自己的道路。当习惯性思维促使汽车制造商们纷纷朝一个方向奔去时，本田注意到了这一点，于是便转而向另一个方向进发。,自 1948 年作为一家摩托车制造商诞生至今，本田的这一策略一直很奏效。本田现在是世界第七大汽车制造商和

21、赢利最高的汽车制造商之一。本田在日本占有 15%的市场份额，超过日产（Nissan），仅次于丰田（Toyota）。在几乎占据了本田营业利润三分之二的北美市场，本田已经建立了第五家汽车装配厂，并且正在对“三大汽车制造商最后的堡垒轻型卡车市场发起进攻。它在新型燃料方面也占据着重要地位。,宗一郎在经营中一直遵循着以下一些原则和规定，这些原则和规定已经渗透到企业的每个角落，成为人们所说的本田管理模式。一、充分尊重个人，公平合理授权 本田既无官僚色彩，也不存在派系和宗派主义，职工可以轻松愉快地工作。高级干部到5O岁就为后来的年轻人让位，最大限度地尊重年轻职员。力戒害怕失败的谨小慎微作风，按照本田的说法是

22、不工作才不失误。在对本田职工进行的一项关于“本田精神的核心是什么”的问卷调查中，回答顺序分别是独创性、要为自己工作、人尽其才、不要怕失败。,二、一人一事，自由竟争 一人一事就是废除公司强迫一个人干一项他不能胜任的工作做法。保证每一个人都有自由选择一个自己的主攻方向的权利。自由竞争就是主张进行不同性质的自由竞争。为了达到共同的目标，每一个人，每一个小集体都要有自己的设想，并通过它来找到开发领域，把竞争机制引进公司内部。,三、造就独创型人才 要造出风格独特的产品，企业职工就必须具备独创性的头脑。1、引进合理化建议制度。在1953年，本田率先引进了合理化建议制度。到70年代，一年所提建议总数突破10

23、万件，4件中有3件被采纳。对于优秀的建议，本田给予免费出国旅游的奖励 2、建立“新设想工作室”。本田在其国内各工厂设有名为“新设想工作室”的实验工作室，室内备有机械设备。职工一旦产生好主意就可以到实验室中把设想具体化，当然原则上是利用业余时间。,3、举办违反常规作品的展览会。展览会的宗旨是提出自由奔放的设想并给予实施的“头脑运动会”，是彻底的群众文娱活动。这与本田“不论工作、娱乐，只要心情舒畅就干到底”的素质相吻合，在大会上能看到许多异想天开的作品。4、技术面前人人平等。在本田，技术面前人人平等，没有上下级的区分，经常发生被称为下克上的事情。,四、顾客满意第一的原则 本田历代的领导者们从来没有

24、提出诸如“称霸世界市场”、“赶上丰田”、“超过日产”之类的日号，而是强调顾客满意第一，在使用户满意方面力争第一。,Structure,Part II(Para.47)Egalitarian atmosphere fostered in Honda family leads to strong team work.,(Para.4)Honda promotes an egalitarian atmosphere.2)(Para.5)The accessibility of managers and executives makes communication easy.,3)(Para.6)Ho

25、ndas team atmosphere makes employees feel involved in their work.4)(Para.7)One employees own feelings of Hondas team atmosphere.,Notes,1)Honda introduces its distinctive philosophy,called the Honda Way,-Hiroyuki Yoshino.要点：introduce sth.to sb.Philosophy经营理念汉译：本田公司会在介绍会上将自己独特的被外界称之为“本田模式”的经营理念介绍给新员工及

26、其家属，大会由本田美国分公司总经理Hiroyuki Yoshino主持。,2)Yoshino is one of 320 Japanese associates working in America,most of whom assigned to the R&D centers in Marysville and Torrance,California.汉译：Yoshino是在美国工作的320位本田公司海外员工之一，他们大都是被派往位于美国加利福尼亚州的Marysville and Torrance的公司研发中心工作。,3)Honda emphasizes training because

27、it promotes from within.英译：Honda pays much attention to training programs just because its managers and administrators are selected directly from the ordinary workers within the company.汉译：本田公司习惯从公司内部提拔管理人员，所以公司相当重视员工的培训工作。,4)It was mind-boggling for me to come here and see the amount of involvement

28、 of the general associate in problems and situations that before I viewed only as management-type issues.英译：Initially,I thought such problems concerned only the management,and had nothing to do with the general associate.But when I came here,I was deeply impressed by the enthusiasm of the general associate.It was not imaginable for me in the past.汉译：我起初认为这些都是管理层的事情，与普通员工无关，但当我来到本田公司后，我惊讶地发现，普通员工都积极地参与这些事务。这是我此前没有想像到的。,