实用英语写作(practicalenglishwriting).ppt

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1、Unit Five Contracts 合同文书,合同(Contract)是指两个或两个以上的自然人或法人关于设定、变更或消灭某种民事权利和义务的协议，是合作各方权利和义务的凭证。面临全球经济一体化的趋势，我国与世界各国的经济合作日益增加，涉外合同的重要性也越来越明显。合同英语属于法律英语的范畴，由于合同与当事人的利益，尤其是经济利益直接相关，因而要求其语言准确，不能引起歧义，准确性是压倒一切的原则。合同是双方当事人意思表示一致的协议，但合同的成立要求合同的主要条款完备。一个完备的涉外合同通常应具备以下的条款：,1合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业所或住所；2合同签订的日期、地点；3合同的

2、类型和合同标的种类、范围；4，合同标的技术条件、质量、标准、规格、数量；5履行的期限、地点和方式；6价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种附带的费用；7违反合同的赔偿和其他责任；8.合同发生争议时的解决方法；9合同使用的文字及其效力。,以上所列举的条款是涉外合同一般性的条款，但并非是每一涉外合同必须应具备的条款。由于合同性质不同，不同的合同有不同的主要条款。以下几节将结合买卖合同、租赁合同、聘用合同、加工合同以及办学合同的实例，分别说明其主要条款及常用语言。,Section One Selling&Buying Contracts 买卖合同,买卖合同的结构和主要内容 货物买卖合同是指当事人之间就买

3、卖特定货物所达成的协议。卖方必须交付约定的货物，买方必须受领货物并支付货款。一个国际货物买卖合同，一般可分为约首、本文和约尾三个部分。合同的约首应说明签订合同或协议的双方名称、地址、合同的编号、签订合同的目的及签约的时间和地点。,合同的正文是合同的主体，具体规定了各种交易条款。这一部分也称为合同的权利和义务部分，这一部分是合同内容的核心，通常包括以下几个条款：1商品条款(Commodity Clause)：也称标的物条款(Subject Clause)，通常包括商品名称、规格(Specification)及数量、质量和包装。对某些商品，还要求说明商品的生产国别及制造厂商。2价格条款：包括商品的

4、单价和总价、货币单位以及价格条件，如CIF New York，FOB上海等。3运输条款：包括装运唛头、装运时间、装运通知、装运港、目的地港以及是否允许分批装运或转运。4保险条款：合同保险条款根据价格条款具体规定由哪方当事人承担运输的保险责任及应投保的险别及投保金额。,5支付条款：包括付款方式及议付时应提供的单据。6商检条款：规定商品检验的标准，以及检验机构、合法的检验证书，有效检验时间、检验费的支付问题等。7.不可抗力条款：说明如果列举的不可抗力发生导致当事人不能按约履行义务时，当事人的免责条件及处置方法。8索赔及争议解决条款：包括索赔的有效时间、所需单证及解决争议的仲裁条款。合同的约尾通常包

5、括合同使用的文字及其效力、附件名称及其效力、署名及签字、封印等项内容。除合同的上述三个部分外，合同的附件如果在合同的有关条款中有明确规定，则是合同不可分割的部分，与合同正文有同等的法律效力。,ContractContract No.:Place:Date:The Buyer:Tel:Fax:The Seller:Tel:Fax:This contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-m

6、entioned goods subject to the terms and conditions set forth hereinafter as follows:,5.Total Amount:6.Packing(seaworthy):Allowing 5%more or less.7.Time of Shipment:Within 45 days upon receipt of the Buyers Letter of Credit.8.Partial Shipment:9.Transshipment:10.Port of Loading:11.Port of Destination:

7、12.Country of Origin&Manufacture:13.Shipping Marks:14.Terms of Payment:By confirmed&irrevocable L/C for full invoice value to be available by sight draft.,15.Insurance:To be covered by the _ for 110%of the invoice value against_16.The Seller must offer the Buyer the accurate documents from A to F as

8、 follows:A.Clean Shipped on Board Bill of Lading in triplicate;B.Signed Commercial Invoice in quadruplicate;C.Packing List;D.Insurance Policy/Certificate in triplicate for 110%of the invoice value if the price is based on CIF terms;E.Certificate of Origin;F.Other Documents.,17.Quality Guaranty:The S

9、eller guarantees that the quality of goods will be in conformity with the quality of the samples.18.Shipping Advice:The Seller shall telex to the Buyer advising the loading conditions at least 14 days before the fixed loading time.The Buyer or his agent shall advise the Seller of the vessels estimat

10、ed time of arrival at the port of loading.19.Inspection:Inspection of quality,quantity and weight can be carried at the port of loading.20.Force Majeure:The Seller is not responsible for late or non-delivery in the event of force majeure or any contingencies beyond the Sellers control.,21.Claims:In

11、case of quality and quantity discrepancy,the Buyer should claim within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.22.Arbitration:All disputes in connection with this contract or the execution of the contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitrat

12、ion Commission,Shanghai Commission for arbitration._ _ The Buyer The Seller,合 同 合同号码：签约地点：签约日期：买方：电话：传真：卖方：电话：传真：本合同由买卖双方缔结，按照下述条款，买方同意购进，卖方同意出售下列货物：,5总值：6包装(适合海洋运输)：允许5的溢短装7装运期限：收到买方信用证后45天内装运8分批装运9转船 10装运口岸：11目的地口岸：12生产国别及制造商：13装运唛头：14付款条件：全部发票金额以保兑、不可撤消信用证，凭卖方开出的即期汇票付款。15保险：由 方负责，按本合同总值110投 保险。16

13、卖方须向买方提供准确无误的A-F项单据：A已装船清洁提单一式三份；B一式四份已签字的商业发票：C装箱单；D保险单一式三份：在CIF价格条件下，按发票金额110投保；E原产地证明；F；其他单据。,17质量保证：卖方保证货物质量达到样品的质量标准。18装船通知：卖方在规定的装货时间，至少14天前以电报方式将装船条件告知买方。买方或其代理人将货船估计到达装货港的时间告知卖方。19检验：质量、数量和重量的检验可在装货港一次进行。20不可抗力：人力不可抗拒的事故造成延期或无法交货者，卖方不负任何责任。21索赔：凡属品质及数量异议，买方须于货到目的地口岸之日30天内提出。22仲裁飞一切因执行本合同所发生或

14、与本合同执行有关之争执，应提交中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会上海委员会仲裁。买方 卖方,对于金额不大，批数较多的小土特产品或轻工产品，或者长期贸易往来的交易，通常使用较销售合同简单的销售确认书。它是一种简式合同，其中所包括的条款较上述销售合同要简单，是我国出口合同中使用较多的一种合同形式。x x Company Address:Tel.Fax.Sales ConfirmationMessrs:_Address:_ Date:_,Total Amount:_1.Port of Destination:2.Port of Loading:3.Payment:By confirmed,irrevocab

15、le Letter of Credit for full invoice value,available by draft at 60 days sight.4.Other Conditions:(1)Reasonable tolerance in quality,weight,measurement,designs and colors is allowed,for which no claims will be entertained,(2)The above confirmed goods are reserved only for 30 days from the date of th

16、is confirmation.If buyers fail to take delivery within the reservation period of time,sellers have the rights to cancel these reservations.(3)In case goods are to reserve more than 30 days,buyers must notify sellers beforehand to extend the period of reservation._ _ The Buyer The Seller,XXXX公司地址：电话：

17、传真：销售确认书尊户：_地址：_ 成交日期：_ 总值：_(大写),1目的地港：2装货港：3付款方式：全部发票以保兑、不可撤销信用证，凭卖方开出汇票后60天付款。4其他条歉：(1)质地、重量、尺寸、花型、颜色均允许合理差异。对合理范围内差异提出的索赔概不受理。(2)上列留货在30天内有效，如买方不能于有效期内出货，卖方有权取消该批留货。(3)如留货需超过30天者，买方应事先通知卖方予以延长期限。,Useful Expressions,This contract is made and entered into by and between _(hereinafter referred to as

18、 the“Seller)and _(hereinafter referred to as the“Buyer)本合同由_(以下简称“卖方”)和_(以下简称“买方”)签订。This contract is made out by and between the Buyer and the Seller whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned goods subject to the terms and conditions set forth hereinafter as

19、follows：本合同由买卖双方缔结，按照下述条款，买方同意购进，卖方 同意出售下列货物：,Payment shall be made by Cash within _ days after receipt of the invoice支付条件是收到发票后_天内以现金支付。Payment shall be made by DA 60 days after sight through Agriculture Bank of China Head OfficeAddress：_ 支付条件是承兑交单60天后通过中国农业银行中国总部付款。地址：_。The Buyer shall open throug

20、h the bank,within_ days before the specified time of shipment,an irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Seller covering the total value of the shipment 在规定的装船期前_天内，买方按货物总值通过银行开出以卖方为受益人的不可撤消的信用证。,In CartonsDrums suitable for long-distance transportation 以适应远途运输的纸箱或桶包装。Pack in wooden casesCases

21、must be nailed，battened and secured by overall metal strapping用木箱包装。木箱必须用钉子钉牢，钉上板条，并用整条金属条包扎。Packed in boxes of one dozen each,100 dozens to a carton lined with waterproof paper.一打装一纸盒，100打装入一个衬有防水纸的纸箱中。Time of shipment:On or before_,partial shipment,transshipment allowed/not allowed.装运期限：_年 _月 _日前，

22、允许/不允许分批装运，转运。,The Buyer shall give shipping instructions in time and provide necessary shipping space,otherwise,the Seller shall not be under the obligation to make the shipment within the stipulated time.买方必须及时提供装船通知和必须的舱位，否则，卖方没有义务(责任)按规定的时间装船。Insurance Policy/Certificate in triplicate for 110%of

23、 the invoice value if the price is based on CIF terms.保险单一式三份，在CIF价格条件下，按发票金额的110投保。US$0.94/KG,CIF Huangpu,China.至中国黄浦成本、保险、运费价每公斤094美金。,Claims,if any,concerning the goods shipped should be filed within 30 days after arrival at destination.凡对装运货物质量提出索赔者，必须在货到目的地港后30天内提出。Quality,quantity and weight c

24、ertified by the China Commodity Inspection Bureau are to be taken as final.品质、数量和重量，均以中国商品检验局所出的证明书为最后依据。Inspection:Inspection of quality,quantity and weight can be carried at the port of loading.检验：质量、数量和重量的检验可在装货港一次进行。Force Majeure:Sellers are not responsible for late or non-delivery in the event

25、of force majeure or any contingencies beyond Sellers control.不可抗力：人力不可抗拒的事故造成延期或无法交货者，卖方不负任何责任。,Claims,if any,must be laid within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the destination;otherwise,none will be considered.如果需要索赔，必须于货到月的地后30天内提出，否则不予考虑。Disputes,if any,in connection with the shipment

26、or with the execution of the contract,shall be settled amicably through negotiation instead of resorting to legal proceedings first.如果发生与所装货物或执行合同有关的争执，应通过谈判方式友好解决，而不要首先付诸法律诉讼。The present contract is made out in both Chinese and English,both versions being equally authentic.本合同有中文、英文两种版本，两种版本均合法。,Se

27、ction Two Lease Contracts 租赁合同,租赁是指资产所有人出租他的资产，供租用人使用并支付约定的租金。租赁业务中两个主要关系人出租人和租用人通过签订租赁合同确定双方的租赁关系。租用人的主要义务是支付约定的租金，保护和合理使用租用物。通过支付租金，租用人对租用物享有占有权和使用权。出租人除对出租物拥有所有权外，还享有收取租金的权利，但出租人必须承认租用人在租用期限内对租用物的占有权和使用权。具有金融、贸易双重职能的租赁，在经济活动中日益发挥着重要作用。租赁可以提高资产和资金的利用效率，增加资产和资金的利用渠道并可以防止机械设备陈旧。面临世界经济一体化发展的趋势，租赁业务也发

28、展为国际性的重要业务。出租物的范围也不断扩大。除出租不动产外，还可以出租生产设备、事务性办公设备、机场及港口设备、交通运输工具等，几乎任何资产都可以租赁。本节将分别结合一个复杂的租赁合同与一个简单的租赁合同分析租赁合同的主要条款及常用的表达法。,租赁合同的结构和主要内容,租赁合同主要由约首、正文及约尾三部分组成。合同的约首应说明签约双方的名称、地址、电话以及签订合同的目的等。租赁合同的正文一般应包括下列条款：1标的物条款：通常包括出租物的品质和性能及其所有权情况；应明确说明各方对标的物的权限，明确规定各方应承担的责任及费用以及可以享受的权益。2租金条款：通常应规定租金的金额，支付的货币、时间等

29、项内容。,3租让人与租用人的权利和义务：明确规定租让人与租用人分别应享受的权利和承担的义务。4租期及租用人的选择权 一般规定租期。通常租用人享有继续使用和留购的选择权。5分租条款 通常租用人不得把租用物分租给第三者，除非合同另有规定，在此情况下应在合同内订明分租条款，以明确各方应承担的责任。合同的约尾通常是双方的签名。有时还会对合同文字及其效力进行规定。,Lease Contract,1.Lessor:(Hereinafter referred to as Party A)Address:Tel.:Fax:2.Lessee:(Hereinafter referred to as Party B

30、)Address:Tel.:Fax:Party A and Party B hereby agree to enter into this Agreement in accordance with the following terms:,1.Party B agrees to rent from Party A Room No.103 of Yunxiang building located on 108 Nanjing Road.The floorage adds up to 130.Public facilities excluded,the actual area rented is

31、104.2.The rent for the room is US$1,000 per month.The amount of the security deposit is US$3,000,at no time to be applied as rent.3.Party B should pay off the full rent of each quarter within 15 days of the first month.If Party B fails to pay the rent for three months,Party B is liable for unpaid re

32、nt,and in addition,Party A may terminate the lease.,4.Party A ensures that Party B may have a reasonable use of the room within the term of the present contract and that Party B has the full power to deal with all the problems in the management of the room.In the management of the room,Party B shoul

33、d pay the charges of water,electricity,gas,upkeep,telephone and telex thus sustained.5.The lease term of the room is 3 years.Beginning from January 5,2007,Party A turns the room over to Party B for use and management,and reassumes the room on January 5,2010.When the lease term expires,Party B is giv

34、en priority in further renting under similar conditions if Party A continues to lease.,6.within lease term,Party A can not re-lease the room in the contract to a third Party.If both parties want to terminate the contract at the expiration date,they should notify each other three months before the co

35、ntract expires and go through formalities of the transfer of the room and all the lease documents.7.Party A legally owns the room in this contract.Party B under no circumstances should re-lease or sell the room to a third Party.8.Party A fully insured the room.Apart from the indemnity paid by insura

36、nce company,Party B is liable for any accident for which he is responsible in the management of the room.,9.the Contract is made in octuplicate,with each party possessing four copies.These copies are equally effective,with effect from the date of signing the contract.Party A:Party B:Legal Representa

37、tive:Legal Representative:Date:Date:Opening Bank:Opening Bank:Account No.:Account No.:,租赁合同 1出租人：(以下简称甲方)地址：电话：传真:2承租人：(以下简称乙方)地址：电话：传真：出租人和承租人同意按下述条款签订和达成本协议：1.乙方自愿向甲方租赁坐落于南京路108号云祥大厦的103号房。共计建筑面积130，扣除公共设施部分，实际承租面积104。2房间的租金为每月1000美元。保证金的金额为3 000美元，任何时候都不得用作房租。3乙方需在每季度第一个月的15天内付清读季度的全部租金。如乙方超过3个月不

38、交租金，甲方有权要求乙方补交租金，并有权利终止合同，收回物业。,4 甲方保证乙方在本协议期间能合法使用此房间，并由乙方全权负责处理房间经营管理的全都事项。乙方在管理该房间时所发生的水、电、煤气、维修、电话与电传等费用一律由乙方负担。5房屋租赁期限为3年，甲方从2007年1月5日起将出租房间交付乙方使用、经营，至2010年1月5日收回。租赁期满后，如果甲方仍继续出租该房间，则在同等条件下，乙方享有优先权。6在租赁期间内，甲方不得将本合同的租赁房间再出租给第三方。在本合同期满时，甲乙双方如需终止合同，必须在本合同到期前3个月通知对方，并须办理房间及所有租赁文件的移交手续。7甲方合法拥有此合同项下的

39、房间。乙方在任何情形下都不能将该房间转租或卖给第三方。8甲方对房间及设备向保险公司足额投保。乙方在经营期间发生的事故，除保险公司承担经济损失外，如果由乙方经营责任造成损失，乙方赔偿全都经济损失。9本合同一式8份，甲乙双方各执4份，均具有同等效力，自签字之日起生效。甲方：乙方：法定代表：法定代表：日期：日期：开户行：开户行：账号：账号：,Lease Contract This agreement is made by and between Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(Hereinafter referred to as Party A)and

40、 James Smith(Hereinafter referred to as Party B)on Feb.23rd,2009.Party A hereby lets to Party B a dwelling flat of Room No.304,situated in No.23 Yunxi Road,for the term of one year,at the monthly rent of US$250,payable in advance on the first day of each and every calendar month.The tenancy is to co

41、mmence on the first day of February,one day after the said agreement is signed._ _Party A(Signature)Party B(Signature),租 约 本协议签订于2009年2月23日。广东外语外贸大学(以下简称甲方)与詹姆士史密斯(以下简称乙方)达成协议如下：甲方根据本协议将位于云溪路23号内房号为304的一套房间租给乙方，租期一年，租金定为每月美金250元，在每月的第一天交纳。租期从签约后一天，即本年度2月24日开始。_ _甲方(签名)乙方(签名),Useful Expressions,The L

42、essor and the Lessee hereby agree to make and enter into this agreement according to the terms stipulated as follows:出租人和承租人同意按下述条款签订和达成本协议：This Lease is made on the ninth of January in the year Twenty Ten between _(Hereinafter referred to as landlord)and _(hereinafter referred to as tenant)._(以下称为租

43、让人)，_(以下称为承租人)，双方于2010年1月9日签订本租约。Party A agrees to rent to Party B a shop owned by Party A,located on No.207 Beixing Road.The floorage adds up to 25,the usable area rented is 20.甲方同意出租给乙方其位于北兴路207号的铺面。该铺面建筑面积为25平方米，实际使用面积为20平方米。,Landlord agrees to lease tenant an apartment for living purpose at No.2

44、3,Jiangnan Road.租让人同意租给承租人位于江南路23号的一套房间用于居住。Tenant agrees to pay a monthly rent of US$200(Say two hundred dollars only).The rent must be paid on the first day of each month in advance.承租人同意每月付给租让人$200(贰佰美金整)。租金必须于每月1日预先支付。The amount of the security deposit is$3,000(Say three thousand dollars only),w

45、hich shall at no time to be applied as rent.房间保证金的金额为$3,000(叁仟美金整)，任何时候都不得用作房租。Party A ensures that Party B may have reasonable right to use the room within the lease term.甲方保证乙方在租期内有合理使用该房间的权利。Party A undertakes to pay the land tax and the property tax.甲方承诺交地皮税和财产税。,Tenant guarantees to take good c

46、are of the house and will not do any damage to it.Tenant shall move out on or before the ending date of this lease and leave the house in good order and in the same condition as it was when he first occupied it.承租人将尽力照管好该住房，并不得对其有任何损坏。承租人应在租约期满日或在租约期满前离开，同时务必使住房保持整洁，陈设等维持原状。It is mutually agreed tha

47、t the term of this lease is three years commencing on Feb.2nd,2007 and ending on Feb.2nd,2010.甲方与乙方一致同意，租期为3年，即从2007年2月2日起至2010年2月2日止。Party B under no circumstances should sell the said apartment to a third party.乙方在任何情形下都不得将本涉约套房出售绐第三方。,The length of this lease is three years.Landlord turns the roo

48、m over to Tenant on Nov.23rd,2007 and reassumes the room on Nov.23rd,2010.If Party A continues to lease,Party B is given priority in further renting under similar conditions.本租约的期限为3年。租让人于2007年11月23日起将出租房间交付租用人使用，至2010年11月23日收回。如果甲方仍将继续出租该房间，则在同等条件下，乙方享有优先权。Party A and Party B agree that the lease t

49、erm of this contract is 5 years.It is further agreed that the formalities of the transfer of the room and all the lease documents should he gone through when this contract expires.甲方与乙方同意本合同的租期为5年。双方进一步同意，在本合同期满之日须及时办理房间及所有租赁文件的移交手续。,Section Three Employment Contracts 聘用合同,随着对外经济、文化交流的不断加强，我国一些高等院校、

50、企业及事业单位为满足各自对不同劳务的需求，都纷纷聘请外国专家或其他人员来华工作。涉外聘用合同即指有关部门为满足对不同劳务的需求而同外国专家、其他人员或劳务供应机构、学者等签订的一种提供服务的合同。本节将结合涉外聘用合同的例子说明涉外聘用合同的主要条款及常用的表达法。,聘用合同的结构和主要内容,聘用合同一般由三个主要部分组成：约首、正文和约尾。约首主要说明双方的详细情况，如名称、地址等，以及订立合同的目的和原则。合同的正文部分主要包括以下几点：1聘期；2受聘方的职责、工作时间、工资；3双方的义务；4合同的变更、解除和终止；5续聘；6仲裁；7合同使用的文字及效力。合同的约尾是合同的签订日期、双方地