实用翻译教程-合词译法.ppt

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1、合词译法,无论西方作家还是中国作家，都喜欢连用同义词以强调其表达的意思，西方作家常用的是成对词，而中国作家常用的是一条前后两个部分为同一意思的四字成语或两条同义成语。既然这些同义词表示的是同一个意思，普遍的做法就是把他们合起来翻译，也就是采用合词译法。,Youll supply financial power,and well supply manpower.Isnt that fair and square?你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？In our workshop there is a hard and fast rule against smoking.我们车间有严格的规定，不

2、许吸烟（我们车间严禁吸烟）,He is dead and gone.他的确死了。His father is a man who forgives and forgets.他的父亲非常宽容。Her son was wise and clever,but her daughter was silly and foolish.她的儿子非常聪明，女儿却很笨。,She shook and trembled with fear.她吓得不停的发抖。He is a man of culture and learning.他是个很有学问的人。We must reach our goals and aims.我们

3、必须达到目的。He suffered aches and pains.他遭受百般疼痛。,These are ways and means of propaganda.这是一些宣传方法。Its right and proper to try it.试一试是完全正确的。The room is cozy and comfortable.这个房间非常舒适。She was surprised and taken aback.她吓了一大跳（她着实吃了一惊）,Really and truly?千真万确吗？还是越早叫他回心转意越好些。The sooner he changes his mind the bet

4、ter for him.很明显，她就是出类拔萃的那一个。Its obvious that she is the one who stands out from the rest.都是些狐朋狗党。They are a pack of curs.,中国人民的不屈不挠的努力必将稳步地达到自己的目的 By our own indomitable efforts we the Chinese people will unswervingly reach our goal.他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。He is determined to turn over a new leaf.你怎么能过河拆桥,忘恩负义

5、呢？How can you kick down the ladder?,痴心妄想 wishful thinkingfond dream 长篇大论 a ponderous thesis/a lengthy speech(or article)粗心大意 careless/negligent 丰功伟绩 great（or magnificent）contributions.灵丹妙药 miraculous cure/heal-all 自以为是，夜郎自大 self-conceited/arrogant 以怨报德，恩将仇报 return kindness with ingratitude 低三下四,奴颜卑膝

6、 humble oneself 宽宏大量，既往不咎 forgive and forget,无论是英译汉，还是汉译英，我们都必须注意到原文中用同义词时所产生的强调成分。如dead and gone译成“的确死了”，“forgive and forget”译成“非常宽容”，“wise and clever”和“silly and foolish”分别译成“非常聪明”和“很笨”，“shook and trembled”译成“不停地抖”，culture and learning译成“很有学问”aches and pains译成“百般疼痛”,转性译法,（一）名词转换成动词The sight of suc

7、h a big plane filled the little boy with great curiosity.看到这么大的飞机，那个小男孩充满了好奇。Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。,He is a keen lover of classic music.他酷爱古典音乐。Last week he declared his discovery of a new planet 上周他宣称发现了新的行星。The international food shortage had

8、 a direct impact on Kuwait and other barren desert countries.国际粮食短缺直接影响了科威特等贫瘠的沙漠国家。,There has been a tremendous expansion of nurseries and kindergartens in both cities and villages.城市和乡村都增加了大量的托儿所和幼儿园。（二）介词转换成动词The people are against him.人们反对他。At the news they were very surprised.听到这个消息他们非常惊讶,He wo

9、rked long hours on meager food,in cold cottage,by dim lamps.他吃着简单的食物，住着寒冷的茅草棚，靠着微弱的灯光，长时间的工作。“Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn,up the path,up the steps,across the veranda,and into the porch.“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。,（三）形容词转换成动词（表示感觉、直觉、欲望等心理状态的形容词）They were certain that they co

10、uld win the next game.他们确定能够赢得下一场比赛。He was afraid of being alone in the darkness.他害怕一个人呆在黑暗里。You should be thankful to him for his help.你应该感谢他的帮助。,We are not content with our present achievements.我们対当前所取得的成就不感到满足。（四）副词转换成动词.As he ran out,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时忘了穿鞋子。That day he was up b

11、efore six oclock.那天他不到七点就起床了。,She opened the window to let fresh air in.她打开窗户让新鲜空气进来。Sorry I wasnt in when you rang me up.很抱歉，你打电话来的时候我不在。二、转换成名词（一）动词转化为名词Politeness has always characterized their relationship.他们之间的关系，一直有一个特点，就是以礼相待。,The old man,who looked and talked like an American,is our presiden

12、t.那位长相和谈吐都像美国人的老人是我们校长。（二）形容词转化为名词They hated the rich and loved and protected the poor.他们痛恨富人，热爱并保护穷人。,All the wounded were sent to the hospital right away.所有伤员马上被送到了医院。He shows a sympathetic understanding of our problem.他对我们的问题表示同情和理解。（三）副词转化为名词 He is physically weak.他身体很弱。,They have not done so we

13、ll ideologically as organizationally.他们的思想工作没有组织工作做得好。It was officially announced that he would attend the meeting.官方宣布他将出席会议。It was found scientifically that water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.科学发现，水由氢气和氧气组成。,三、转换成形容词（一）名词转换成形容词 The security and warmth of the basement made them feel relaxed.地

14、下室里既安全又温暖，他们松了一口气。I realized the absurdity of dealing with them through intermediaries.我意识到通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。,As he is a perfect stranger in this city,I hope you can give him some help.他对这个城市完全陌生，我希望你给他一些帮助。He was very surprised at the oddity of the strangers behaviour.他对那个陌生人古怪的行为很吃惊。We are deeply co

15、nvinced of the correctness of the policy.我们深信那项政策是正确的。,Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.独立思考在学习中是绝对必要的。（二）副词转换成形容词He was deeply impressed by the film.那部电影给他留下了深刻的印象。I suppose boys think differently from girls.我觉得男孩子跟女孩子的想法是不一样的。,四、转换成副词（一）名词转换成副词When he saw a beggar at the corn

16、er of the street,his instinct is to give him some money.当他看到街角的那个乞丐就本能地要给他钱。We found difficulty in solving the housing problem.住房问题很难解决。,Every time her mother bought her something new,she would fiddle with it in her clumsy impatience.每次她妈妈给她买点什么新东西，她就会迫不及待地、笨手笨脚地摆弄一番。I had the fortune to meet him.我幸

17、运地遇到了他。I have the honour to inform you that 我很荣幸地通知你,（二）形容词转换成副词 Warm discussions arose everywhere as to his achievements.到处都在热烈地讨论他的成就。We place high value on our friendly relations with developing countries.我们高度重视同发展中国家的友好关系。It was a clear exposition of the presidents determination to begin a teaching reform.它清楚地表明了校长开始教学改革的决心。,从上面转性译法的实例不难看出，翻译中的词性转换存在着一定的规律，最明显的一点就是英美国家的人们比较喜欢用名词和介词，而汉语里面的动词用得比较多一些。因此，英译汉时，经常要把英语中的名词和介词转换成汉语中的动词；而汉译英时，往往要把汉语中的动词转换成英语中的名词或介词。值得一提的是，词性转换并不是随意进行的，而是要遵循着语言中的客观规律符合表达习惯，使用地道的语言。,