大学英语四级考试辅导-写作.ppt

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1、大学英语四级考试辅导,写作王芷君,Dear students:,The first thing we should know is that test is not everything,but test can tell something.Test can tell whether you have done what you are supposed to do,and how well you have done it.If you cheat test,test will surely in turn,cheat you.That is to say,if you aim at pa

2、ssing the test rather than having a good command of English,test may fail to tell you the truth.Then,what are you supposed to do during your college years in terms of English study?,大学英语教学大纲(高等学校本科用),为指导全国高等学校非英语专业大学英语教学，特制订本大纲。大纲的各项规定可作为大学英语教学安排、教材编写、教学质量检查的依据。,一、教学对象,本大纲的教学对象是高等学校非英语专业的本科生。入学时，他们应

3、已掌握基本的英语语音和语法知识，领会式掌握1800个单词(其中复用式掌握的单词为1200)，并在读、听、写、说等方面受过初步的训练。(对低于或高于上述入学要求的学生，可参照本大纲“教学安排”一节中的有关部分执行。),Dear students:,If you have not reached the level you are supposed to reach,please try hard to make up for what you should have done but havent,so that you can begin your college study as easil

4、y as others.That is to say,all the difficulties you meet today are stored by yourself yesterday.So long you clear them today,you will free freer and happier advancing in your English study tomorrow.,二、教学目的,大学英语教学的目的是：培养学生具有较强的阅读能力和一定的听、说、写、译能力，使他们能用英语交流信息。大学英语教学应帮助学生打下扎实的语言基础，掌握良好的语言学习方法，提高文化素养，以适应社

5、会发展和经济建设的需要。,Dear students:,So,keep in mind that you are learning English for your own use:obtaining necessary information in a broader sphere;let your ideas be known directly and clearly by more people in the world.Thats why you should never memorize single words,for only sentences can carry full a

6、nd accurate information an adult needs to get and convey.,三、教学要求,大学英语教学分为基础阶段(一至二年级)和应用提高阶段(三至四年级)。各阶段的教学要求如下：（一）基础阶段基础阶段的教学分为六级，称为大学英语一至六级(College English Bands l6，简称CEB 16)。根据学生入学水平的不同，基础阶段的教学要求分为基本要求和较高要求两种：达到四级为基本要求；达到六级为较高要求。,Dear students:,Never,therefore,set CET band4 as your greatest goal to

7、 accomplish.Passing it means no more than that you meet,though successfully,the basic requirements as a college student.In another word,it is the least you must do.Your real goal is a solid foundation for a good command of English language to communicate with people.When you fulfill your daily tasks

8、,you can surely pass CET band4 with ease.,1、基本要求,1)词汇 领会式掌握4200单词(其中复用式掌握的单词为2500)，以及由这些词构成的常用词组(中学所掌握的单词和词组包括在内)，并具有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。2）语法 巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法。,Dear students:,Spending a lot of time memorizing single words in the wordslist does not necessarily lead to a large vocabulary unless you

9、 can use those words in sentences to express your own ideas and understand them when listening and reading them in groups of sentences.Be sure to memorize any word together with the sentence it is in.For the sentence provides you not only the meanings of the word,but also its use:the set phrases,idi

10、oms,grammatical rules,etc.most important of all,the ability to use the word.,3）阅读能力 能顺利阅读语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章，掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，并能进行一定的分析、推理和判断，领会作者的观点和态度，阅读速度达到每分钟70词。在阅读篇幅较长、难度略低、生词不超过总词数3的材料时，能掌握中心大意，抓住主要事实和有关细节，阅读速度达到每分钟100词。,Dear students:,Next time you read English texts,articles,newspapers,and

11、any other writings,be alert to sentences that express ideas you want to express,study their basic patterns,and learn them by heart by using them.Reading not only improve your reading ability,but also contributes to your writing ability,because the reading materials provide you so many useful sentenc

12、es for you to write your own composition.,4)听的能力能听懂英语讲课，并能听懂题材熟悉、句子结构比较简单、基本上没有生词、语速为每分钟130150词的简短会话、谈话、报道和讲座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。5)说的能力能就教材内容和适当的听力材料进行问答和复述，能用英语进行一般的日常会话，能就所熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言，表达思想比较清楚，语音、语调基本正确。,Dear students:,If you listen to English as much as possible,those useful sentenc

13、es will take root in your mind so deeply that they will spontaneously occur to you when you want to use them.If you speak as much as possible those English sentences learnt from reading and listening,how quickly and easily and correctly you can write your English composition!,6)写的能力能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时

14、做笔记、回答问题、写提纲，能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120150词的短文，能写短信和便条，表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。7)译的能力能借助词典将难度略低于课文的英语短文译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意，译速为每小时300英语单词。能借助词典将内容熟悉的汉语文字材料译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时250汉字。,Dear students:,Do you keep notes in every class?Can you take down whatever the teacher says in class rather than just copying from blac

15、kboard or PPT?By“every class”,I mean any other class apart from English,for the ability to take notes will benefit you in many ways,both immediately and in the long run.Have you learnt by heart those sentences(complete sentences)in your translation work?Do,and you will find they come to help you whe

16、n your write.,最新大学英语四级考试题型,写作：30分钟，107分（15%）快速阅读15分钟，70分（10%）听力35分钟249分（35%）仔细阅读（包括选词填空和篇章阅读）25分钟，179分（25%）完型和改错二选一15分钟，70分（10%）翻译和简答二选一5分钟，35分（5%）（这三部分是一起发一起收，可自行安排时间）,考试流程：09年6月20日(周六)时间安排:,8：50-9：00试音寻台时间 9：00-9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试 9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但9：40才允许开始做)9：40-9：55做快速阅读 9：55-10：0

17、0收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读)9：55-10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试 10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音 听力结束后完成剩余考项 11：20全部考试结束 09年9月左右出成绩 4.5月发放成绩单,新四级题型分析报告（摘要）,第三、考查程序不一样。新四级的考试程序有了变化：写作快速阅读听力仔细阅读（包括选词填空和篇章阅读）完型和改错二选一翻译和简答二选一。新四级把写作放在开头，而且等30分钟过去后，才发快速阅读的材料，这样对写作速度就有了更加严格的要求。,Dear students:,But“every cloud have a silver lining”.Writing

18、 is a job that requires intense concentration which comes from the best physical and mental condition that usually exists at the beginning of an examination.In such a good condition,how admirably you will display your good command of English!,英语四级考试作文评分标准(上）,1.本题满分为15分。2.阅卷标准共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分 及14分。各

19、有标准样卷1至2份。3.阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如8分)相似，即定为该 分数(即8分);若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加1分(即9分)或减1分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。,英语四级考试作文评分标准（下）,4.评分标准:2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思路不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分 切题。表达思路清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无

20、语言错误，仅有个别小错。,Dear students:,The key point is clear:express yourselves in correct language you are tested on how well you can use English,which you have spent so much time learning.Please aim at the best,just as a Chinese old saying tell us:“Even if you take the best as your model,you may only achiev

21、e the average(取法于上，仅得乎中)”.What can we expect to get if we just content ourselves with the average?,General strategy,I.What to write 1.审题：作文评分的第一个要求就是内容切题，因此审题特别关键。专业四级作文都是命题作文，而且多有中文提示或提纲，所以你首先应了解命题的基本要求，理解题目的真正意图，然后确定提纲中的关键词及各要点间的逻辑，整理自己的思路，对自己所想到的内容进行组织和全面安排。尤其对要讨论的问题，该涉及的内容，所需的事实、例证、阐述、说明和总结等，在头脑

22、中形成一个整体的构思。,General strategy,I.What to write2.组织段落：构思好之后，根据构思的提纲，运用选好的材料，恰当地运用连词，合理安排段落，使文章条理清楚、内容连贯。段落的组织主要是通过扩展句对主题句的支持或说明来进行的。各段的主题句在审题构思时就应基本形成，主题句确定下来，接着就是通过一系列的扩展句，来说明、论证或阐述主题句的思想。常见的段落展开方法有列举、举例、比较和对比、因果、叙述、归类、下定义等，考试时应灵活运用。,General strategy,I.What to write3.字数要求。四、六级的作文要求是要写出120-150字。对于这样的要求

23、考生不必怕写不够。我们知道，四、六级作文大都是三段式。我们算一下，如果我们在每一段中写上四句话，即主题句加两三句扩展句和一个结论句就可以了。这样全篇在十二句左右。每一句十多个词，这样就是120-150字。例如，第一句主题句，第二句从正面论述，第三句从反面论述，第四句为结论句。我们写作时要根据横段面去写，而不要写成流水账。避免写成流水账的方法是:不要就前一句中的一个非重点词再进行描述。而要对主题句从横段面去写，写完一个横段面就不要再对这一横段面进行阐述了，应当去写别一个横段面。,General strategy,II.How to write right1.Write correct sente

24、nces.2.Use proper words and expressions,and use them in their proper ways.3.Write neatly and clearly.If you set you answers out neatly,the examiners will be influenced in your favors,instead of failing to recognize your ability or miss your strong points or even get irritated by your illegible handw

25、riting.,General strategy,II.How to write right4.last checking:删除与主题不相干的内容，检查句子时态、语态等。特别应注意单词的正确拼写；字母大小写和标点符号；数的一致性（包括主语与谓语以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性）；指代关系（包括指代的一致性和代词的选用）；动词形式（时态、语态、语气）等方面。,大学英语四级考试写作分析及对策,通过分析历年的真题，我们不难发现：英语作文考查的类型基本包括议论文(一般为三段论式的论说文字)，说明文(目前侧重于这方面的写作训练)，图表作文(要求描述性的语言要贴近图表信息，真实反映语言水平)应用文写作(包

26、括书信、便条、通知、海报等)。,2005年1月的作文题目是要求学生以导游的身份写一篇演讲稿，不仅包含欢迎辞(表态)行程安排，(说明)，而且包含安排的理由(说理)。2005年6月作文题目是校园文化旅游，要求学生就此阐述不同的观点。2006年1月是个竞选演说，如果我当选学生会主席，我会给大家做点什么事情(说明)。2006年6月17日的四级考试则是一个海报，要求考生构想一个招募志愿者的海报，其中包括应聘人必备的资历和应准备的材料等(说明)。2006年6月24日新题型的作文是传统的议论文形式，讨论大学生选择任课老师相关的问题。2007年1月作文也是传统的议论文形式，探讨对春节晚会所持的不同观点。200

27、7年6月份是欢迎同学加入俱乐部的海报(应用文)。,四级写作高分策略,Although the composition only takes 15 percent of the total score,it is in fact the very task that tests your English proficiency in its real sense and gives you an opportunity to demonstrate your English proficiency.Take the challenge to show how well you have been

28、 doing and how intelligent and diligent a student you are.,平时学习和训练,I.General principles1.Keep in mind that you are learning English for the purpose of using it,rather than guessing from the choices ABCD.2.Memorize as many English sentences as possible the simplest way:learning by heart a complete se

29、ntence whenever you learn a new word or an expression.Do not waste time reciting wordlist.,平时学习和训练,I.General principles3.了解英语写作的测试目的，准确把握题目的要求 英语写作测试，其实主要还是要考查学生组织英语语言的能力，和用英语表达思想的能力。综观历年的四级作文真题，变化趋势是从三段论的议论文向实用性更强的应用文体，尤其是书信写作方面倾斜。考生平时应有意识地就他们感兴趣的一些话题进行思考和拓展，争取在实践中磨练敏锐的审题能力。,平时学习和训练,I.General princ

30、iples4.因为是三段式作文，写作的时候一定注意第一段提出的论点要简洁明了，开门见山；第二段的论据要能充分说明论点，论证条理清楚；第三段的结论要水到渠成，切忌草率，严谨完整的结尾是取得高分的保证。5.考试过程中写作的时间分配：要在规定时间内写完写好,充分发挥自己应有的水平。建议按照如下的方案分配时间:审题12分钟；组织素材,细节和关键词:45分钟；作文:2025分钟（建议隔行书写，以方便修改添加文字）；检查修改:45分钟。,平时学习和训练,II.Practical preparation1.平时在阅读课文和练习之中的文章时，注意汲取语言营养，积累语言素材，及时应用于作文实践。只要坚持多写、多

31、练，写作的水平自然就会提高。2.许多考生畏惧作文，经常懒于动笔；还有一些考生认为写作很难提高，干脆放弃平时的训练。这些想法都是错误的。为真正提高写作水平，大家从开始准备四级的那天起，就应有针对性地分体裁、分话题、分阶段地进行实战模拟，按照考试规定的时间标准，要求自己一气呵成将文章写完。,平时学习和训练,II.Practical preparation3.迅速梳理写作的思路，借助提纲进行写作到了大学阶段，学生还是非常善于思考的，他们不仅想象力非常丰富，还各有独特的思维和写作思路。但是，如何将千头万绪的思路梳理清楚，学生则必须勤于思考，勤于实践。在进行四级写作时，考生一定要首先形成自己的观点，然后

32、合理运用一些手段，如常用的：陈述理由、举例说明、提供数据、下定义等，之后充分就此展开论说。,平时学习和训练,II.Practical preparation4.扩展写作提纲，草拟文稿，表述主要观点保证不跑题是写作当中第一重要任务，第二个重要任务就是条理清楚。对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚。对于说明文来说，1、2、3条要清楚，对于描述文要来，谁干什么、谁是什么要清楚。,平时学习和训练,5.在反复揣摩的基础上，完善文章的草稿自己修改作文是个好习惯，从训练之初就应注重在这个方面下功夫。修改作文必须从下面几个方面把握：注意句式结构的变化(要背诵一定的经典句型，而且要能够注意套改这样的优美句型)。例如：N

33、ot because I love Caesar less,but because I love Rome more(不是我不爱凯撒，而是我更爱罗马)。需要指出的是，虽然习作中应注意使用优美或地道的句子，但不可简单地堆砌；句子长短也要错落有致，应包含一些相对复杂的句式，同时避免犯一些基础性的语言错误。,实战演练,Write on the basis of outlineDecide topic sentencesDevelop paragraphs,Sample:,Topic:Good Health Outline:（1）Importance of good health（2）Ways to

34、keep fit（3）My own practice,Practice(1),这样的作文，其要求句就可以扩展成主题句。扩展后，三段的主题句分别为：It is very important to have good health.(将名词importance变成形容词important)There are four ways to keep fit for me.(用there be句型)My own practices are the followings.（采用原词）,Practice(2),第一段保持正反面要清楚可以这样写：主题句（It is very important to have

35、good health.,正面（With good health,we can.）,反面(Without good health,we can do nothing.We cant do.),Practice(3),第二段：主题句（There are four ways to keep fit.）从几方面说明：Firstly,we should have our breakfast in the morning.Second,we should have a nap at noon.Third,sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon.An

36、d fourth,we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to the music.）,Practice（4）,第三段：主题句（My own practices are the followings.）具体情况（主语为第一人称代词I，与第二段呼应）In the morning,I have my breakfast.At noon,I have a nap.And in the afternoon,I always play football.In the evening,I usually listen to

37、the classic music.,Practice（5）,如果我们感觉字数不够，就在每一句或某些句子上添加些词就行了。例如；我们感觉上边第二段不够长，就可以这样来加词：主题句There are four ways to keep fit.There are four or more ways to keep fit for everyone of us.从几方面说明：Firstly,we should have our breakfast in the morning.Firstly,we should have our breakfast,such as milk,eggs,bread

38、and so on,in the morning.Second,we should have a nap at noon.Secondly,we should have a short nap,even 30 minutes,at noon.Third,sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon.Thirdly,sports exercises are necessary for everyone and we can do some sports exercises in the afternoon.And fourth,we could

39、have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to music.And fourthly,we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to both popular and classic music.,真题分析,I.2009年12月四级写作真题及参考范文（新东方）Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled Creating a Green Cam

40、pus.You should write at least 120 words following the outline below in Chinese.1.绿色校园的重要性，2.什么样的校园是绿色的？3.我们应该怎么做。,真题分析,范文1：Create a Green CampusIt is of great importance to make and maintain a green campus in our university or college.Obviously,a growing number of people are beginning to realize tha

41、t it is our duty to do that in the present days,since the concept of“a green world”has become the focus of the society.The idea of“a green campus”is beyond a green environment.To begin with,the development on the campus is to be sustainable and recyclable.Some of the authorities budget should be on

42、how to reduce of the waste.Whats more,wed better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us.Thus the idea of environmental protection may become a common occurrence in our daily life.It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to protect our campus from waste and pollution,and hen

43、ce these activities are to play an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.Certainly,there is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campuses.,真题分析,本次作文还是延续四级一贯成熟的风格，偏重校园生活。当然也结合了时下流行的话题，绿色环保。上面这篇文章虽然不尽完美，但能较好的符合四级考试作文的核心：无论题目怎么变，都是考察学生的语言使用能力的。所以要格外关注语言的应用。我们可以

44、灵活套用固定的套路，中心句逻辑词的方式，做到以不变应万变。但是，还是这句话：无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。,真题分析,范文2：In recent years,extravagance and waste have become increasingly serious in some of the university campus.We can see that papers,bottles and cans are thrown away after use;food is wasted just because of its poor taste;clothes are disca

45、rded simply owing to their old fashion.As a consequence,people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on creating a green campus.There are at least two criteria to distinguish what is green campus.On the one hand,natural resources must be conserved and made full use of,for example,we,as college stud

46、ents,should take the wise use of papers and second-hand textbooks into account.On the other hand,education to build up thrift habits must be promoted by relevant departments and professionals at various levels.Accordingly,it is necessary for us to take effective steps.For one thing,university author

47、ities should respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of our natural resources,such as water,electricity,and so on.For another,we should enhance the awareness of college students that creating a green campus is of utmost significance to both our society and ourselves.,真题分析,范文3Nowadays ten

48、s of thousands of people are claiming that we should build a green country.As a college student,I think to create a green campus also has great significance.To create a green campus,obviously we have to commit ourselves to protect the environment of our campus first,which is of prime importance.More

49、over,in my opinion,green campus not only means the green environment,but also means to create a sustainable developing campus.To create a sustainable developing campus,each university student should have the sense of being masters,which means they should apply themselves to not only improve themselv

50、es from all kinds of aspects,but also help universities to improve management,help teachers to improve the quality of teaching,and help schoolmates to improve college life.As long as every college student can do like that,university life will be their great memory in life.,真题分析,2009年06月20日大学英语新四级(CE