地下水的类型及特征.ppt
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1、8.2 The Types and the Relevant Properties of Groundwater,Unsaturated Zone and Saturated Zone2.The Types and the Relevant Properties of Groundwater,unsaturated zone(非饱和带)saturated zone(饱和带)water of unsaturated zone:包气带水phreatic water:潜水confined water:承压水perched aquifer 上层滞水含水层,pore water:孔隙水fissure w
2、ater:裂隙水karst water:岩溶水peak cluster(峰丛),peak forest(峰林)isolated peak(孤峰)cave(洞穴),stalagmite(石笋)stalactite(石钟乳),Unsaturated Zone and Saturated Zone包气带(zone of aeration)又叫非饱和带(unsaturated zone):地表与地下水面之间的地带饱水带(zone of saturation)又叫饱和带(saturated zone):地下水面以下的含水地带,Zone of aeration and zone of saturation
3、,Zone of aeration and zone of saturation,2.The Types and the Relevant Properties of Groundwater(1)地下水 的分类 1)按地下水的埋藏条件,把地下水分为:包气带水(土壤水、上层滞水)潜水(phreatic water)承压水(confined water),Perched water,phreatic water,confined water,2)按含水层空隙性质,把地下水分为:孔隙水(pore water)裂隙水(fissure water)岩溶水(karst water),实际上,常常是两种分类
4、相结合,如孔隙潜水、孔隙承压水,裂隙潜水、裂隙承压水,岩溶潜水、岩溶承压水等。,(2)包气带水 1)土壤水(Soil water)是土壤重要的组成部分,可呈气态水、结合水、毛管水形式。主要消耗在植物吸收和地面蒸发上,随季节性气候而变化。,2)上层滞水:包气带局部隔水层之上积聚的具有自由水面的重力水。上层滞水水量小,动态变化显著,只有在缺水地区才成为暂时性供水水源。,The configuration of a perched water table,(3)潜水(phreatic water)潜水:埋藏在地表以下,第一个稳定隔水层以上,具有自由表面的含水层中的重力水。,Phreatic wate
5、r,(a)The geometry of the water table,illustrating the saturated zone,the unsaturated zone,and the capillary fringe.,(b)The surface of a permanent pond is the water table.(c)During the dry season,the water table can drop substantially,causing the pond to dry up.,The flow lines from the recharge area
6、to the discharge area curve through the substrate.,1)潜水特点 潜水面(地下水面)形状变化与地形起伏一致;潜水补给区与分布区、排泄区一致;潜水受气象、水文因素影响很大;潜水积极参与水循环,资源易于补充、恢复,但受气候影响。其厚度有限,资源通常缺乏多年调节性。,The shape of a water table beneath hilly topography.,The phreatic water is easily contaminated.,When the water table rises,material above a weak
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