四级辅导-虚拟语气.ppt

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1、一、虚拟语气考查点,1、条件从句中的虚拟语气,（1）虚拟条件句的基本形式：,与现在事实相反：if条件句用一般过去时（动词be用were），主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形,与将来事实相反：if 条件句中用过去时，或should/were to+动词原形，主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原形。,与过去事实相反：if 条件句中用过去完成时，主句用would（should/could/might）+have+过去分词。,1）The millions of calculations involved,had they been done

2、by hand,all practical value by the time they were finished.(2001年 1月，CET-4)A had lost B would have lostC would lose C should have lost,答案为B，虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反时，主句应用would/should have done的形式。,2)Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her

3、 friends very often.(1996年1月，CET-4)A has to get B were to get C had got D could have got,答案为B，表示与将来事实相反时，if条件句中用过去时，或should/were to+动词原形，主句用would(should/could/might)+动词原型。本句四个选项中只有B符合要求。,（2）虚拟条件句的倒装形式,3）before we depart the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful dinner party.(1997年1月，CET-4)A

4、Had they arrived B Would they arriveC Were they to arrive C Were they arriving,答案为C。从后半句should可以判断这是一个虚拟语气的句子，并且是与将来事实相反的，所以前半句应用过去时，用倒装可以省if。,（3）含蓄虚拟条件句,虚拟条件有时不是通过if从句明显地表达出来，而是隐含在副词、介词短语或上下文中。经常表示这种含蓄条件的有：otherwise或or（否则，不然的话）；with（如果有了）或without（要是没有）；but for.（要不是，倘若没有）；介词短语，如in the past(要是在以往)，in

5、 sbs position(如果处在某人的位置上)，under.（要是在情况下）；would rather.（宁愿，更情愿）等等都可以表示隐含虚拟条件。,4）He must have had an accident,or he then.(1990年1月，CET-4)Awould have been here Bshould be hereChad to be here Dwould be there,答案为A。or 在这里隐含了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，表示if he had not had an accident,所以其后的主句用would have done 而不用其它的。,(4)错综时

6、间条件句,5）If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you now.(1999年1月，CET-4)Awouldnt be smiling B couldnt have smiledCwont smile D didnt have smiled,答案为A。错综虚拟语气。从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。,2、在“It is/was+形容词+that从句”的结构中，常用“(should+)动词原形”作从句的谓语。,用于这种结构的形容词有：advisable,appropriate,better,compuls

7、ory(强制的)，concerned,crucial(紧要关头的)，desirable,essential,imperative(绝对必要的)，important,natural,necessary,obligatory(必须履行的)，only fair,only just,only right,preferable,proper,reasonable,urgent,vital等。,1）It is important that the hotel receptionist that guests are registered correctly.(2001年1月，CET-4)A has mad

8、e sure B made sureC must make sure D make sure,答案为D。“it is important/necessary/+that 从句”结构常用“(should)+动词原形”形式表虚拟语气，故选D。,2）It is vital that enough money to fund the project.（1997年1月，CET-4）A is collected B be collectedC must be collected D can be collected,答案为B。在It is vital/important/necessary/advisab

9、le that结构中，that 从句要用（should）+do 构成的虚拟语气结构。,3）It is essential that these application forms back as early as possible.（2000年 1月，CET-4）A must be sent B will be sentC are sent D be sent,答案为D。在is important/necessary/essential+that从句结构中，此类形容词含有的祈使语气要求其后的that从句用“（should）+动词原形”形式的虚拟语气，故选D,4）I dont think it

10、advisable that Tim to the job since he has no experience.(1997年6月，CET-4)Ais assigned B will be assignedC be assigned D has been assigned,答案为C。句意为：“我认为让Tim做这项工作是不明智的，因为他缺乏经验。”advisable是指“明智，可行的”，在本句中that引导的宾语从句（后置），it为形式宾语，指代后置的that从句，相当于“it is advisable that”,由于使用了形容词“advisable”，从句要用should do 结构，sho

11、uld被省略。,你都明白了吗？,3、Its(about/getting/high)time后的虚拟语气,在Its(about/getting/high)time 后面的that从句中，动词要用一般过去式，表示“差不多/早该是的时候了”。其中that 可以省略。,1）It is high time that such practices.(2003年1月，CET-4)Aare ended B be ended C were ended D must be ended,答案为C。句意为：“该是结束这种做法的时候了”。It is(high)time that表示的是与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词

12、要用过去时，故选C。其余三项均不能表示虚拟语气。,2）Its already 5 oclock now.Dont you think its about time?(1995年1月，CET-4)A we are going home B we go home C we went home D we can go home,答案为C。句意为：“已经5点了。难道你不觉得我们该回家了吗？”Its about time后面用一般过去时表示虚拟语气。,此外，应注意以下区别：（1）“Its time(+for+宾语)+动词不定式”这一结构的意思是“时间刚好该做”，是陈述语气，表一种“事实”，如Its ti

13、me to start work.该开始工作了。而“Its time(+that)+主语+动词的过去式”有“已经晚了，早应该做”的含义，是虚拟语气，表主观设想，如Its time we started work.我们早该开始工作了。（2）在Its the first(second,third,etc)time 后面所接的that 从句中，谓语动词应用完成体，来表示一种经历。两种结构不要相混。,4、if only,wish后的虚拟语气,（1）wish 之后的宾语从句，或if only感叹句中的谓语动词用过去时，表示与现在的实际情况相反的希望。wish(+that)+从句主语+动词过去式（动词be

14、用were）If only(=I wish)+主语+动词过去式（动词be用were）(2)wish 和if only后的从句中用过去完成时表示与过去实际情况相反的愿望。(3)wish 和if only后的从句中用would+动词原形，表示对现状不满，希望将来能有所改变，或希望某件事将会发生（但在说话时尚未发生）,1）Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I your advice.(1990年6月，CET-4)Afollow B had followed C would follow D have followed,答案为B。if onl

15、y感叹句中的谓语动词用过去时，表示与现在事实相反的情况，故选B,2）Sometimes I wish I in a different time and a different place.(2000年1月，CET-4)A be living B were living C am living D would have lived,答案为B。sometimes(有时，时常)是一个表示一般性的时间状语；wish后的宾语从句表达的是与现实相反的愿望，be动词统一用were。,3）I wish I longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to

16、 class.(1995年6月，CET-4)Ahave slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept,答案为D。wish 后的从句中用过去完成时表示与过去实际情况相反的愿望。原句表示“我希望今早能多睡一会儿”，但实际上没能做到，所以用句型“could have done”。A 是现在完成时，不对，B 是过去时，不能表示与过去相反。C 中might 与句型不符。,4）Jack wishes that he business instead of history when he was in university.（2001年6月，CET-

17、4）Astudied B study C had been studying D had studied,答案为D。wish在宾语从句中用过去完成时表过去情况未发生。,5）If only the committee the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.（1997年1月，CET-4）A approve B would approve C can approve D will approve,答案为B。if only后的从句中用would+动词原形，表示对现状不满，希望将来能有所改变，或希望某件事将会发生（但在说

18、话时尚未发生），所以选B,5、某些表示建议、要求、命令等意义的动词之后that从句中的虚拟语气,某些表示建议、命令等主观倾向性概念的动词带宾语从句或用于“It is/was+此类动词的过去分词+that 从句”结构时，从句中的谓语动词须用“should+动词原形”的形式。此类动词有：表示愿望的：desire,prefer（宁肯）表示建议的：advise,move（提议），propose,suggest,recommend 表示要求、请求的：ask,beg,insist,maintain,oblige,request,require,urge（强烈要求，极力主张）表示命令的：command,de

19、cree,dictate,direct,order,stipulate表示决定的：decide,determine,resolve其它：arrange,deserve,intend(意欲)，motion（示意），promise等。,1）We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any change in plans.（1993年6月，CET-4）Ainform B informs Cinformed D had informed,答案为A。advise,propose,suggest,recommend 等一些表示建议、命令等主观倾向性概

20、念的动词带宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词须用“should+动词原形”的形式。desire意为：“希望”，从句中用should+动词原形，should可以省略。,2）It is recommended that the project until all the preparations have been made.（1995年6月，CET-4）Anot be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be started,答案为A。recommend意思为：“推荐，建议”，从句用should+动词原形，should可

21、以省略。选项A=should not be started。,3)Mikes uncle insists in this hotel.(2000年1月，CET-4)A staying not B not to stayC that he would not stay D that he not stay,答案为D，insist(坚持)后的宾语从句用should（not）+动词原形，should可省略。,4）As Commander-Chief of the armed forces,I have directed that all measures for our defense.(1996年

22、6月，CET-4)Ahad been taken B would be taken C be taken D to be taken,答案为C。direct（命令，指示）后的宾语从句的动词用should+动词原形，本句should后面的动词是被动语态(should be taken)，should被省略，剩下be taken。,6、某些名词后的that从句中的虚拟语气,某些名词，特别是上面提到的表示建议、要求、命令等含义的动词相应的名词形式，在其同位语从句或其作主语后的表语从句中，谓语动词是要用“(should+)动词原形”。这些名词有（可和相应的动词放在一起记忆）：advice,agreem

23、ent,command,decision,decree(政令)，demand,desire,determination,insistence,motion(提议)，necessity,order,plan,preference,suggestion,proposal等。,1）The suggestion that the mayor the prizes was accepted by everyone.（2000年6月，CET-4）Awould Bpresent Cpresents D ought to present,答案为B。名词suggestion(建议)的同位语从句用“should+

24、动词原形”，should可省略，故选B。,2)We are all for your proposal that the discussion.(1998年6月，CET-4)Abe put off B was put off C should put off D is to put off,答案为A。名词proposal（提议）的同位语从句用“should+动词原形”作谓语，discussion是受动者，故用被动式，should do 结构中should可省略，所以选A。,7、在其它状语从句中的虚拟语气,在lest,in case 等引出的从句中可以用“should+动词原形”结构。,1）Th

25、e mad man was put in the soft padded cell lest he himself.(1998年1月，CET-4)A injure B had injured C injured D would injure,答案为A，lest 引导条件状语从句用（should）do。,2）While crossing the mountain area,all the men carried guns lest they by wild animals.(2003年1月，CET-4)A should be attacked Bhad been attackedC must be attacked D would be attacked,答案为A。在lest引导的目的的状语从句中，动词用should do。,你都明白了吗？,