名词性从句上课用.ppt

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1、名词性从句,宾语从句,All of us know it.主语 谓语 宾语 All of us know that we must study hard.主语 谓语 宾语从句2.His words 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语 He asked me if/whether the movie 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语从句star would come up at the meeting.,3.I want to know it.主语 谓语 宾语 I want to know when the meeting is to 主语 谓语 宾语从句start.一个句子放在动词或介词之后,说明其对象或内容,我们

2、称之为宾语从句.,宾语从句的三大问题:连词/语序/时态1.连词的选择:that-引导陈述句(一个确定的事实)if/whether-引导一般疑问句(一个“是”与“否”的疑问)who/whom/whose/which/what when/where/how/why,-引导特殊疑问句,连接代词,连接副词,用that,还是用 if/whether?当谓语动词表确信时,用that引导宾语从句;当谓语动词含疑问或怀疑时,用if/whether引导宾语从句.I doubt _ he can speak English.I dont doubt _ he can speak English.Im not su

3、re _ the news is true.Im sure _ the news is true.,if/whether,if/whether,that,that,选择正确的连词1.Do you know_ he is waiting for?A.that B.if C.who D.how2.I didnt know_ he was late for class.A.where B.what C.who D.why,C,D,3.I think _ he will come back in a week.A.when B.that C.who D.what4.Wei Fang asked me

4、_ I liked English.A.if B.what C.who D.that,B,A,2.语序:陈述语序主语在前,谓语在后;又或者说名词/代词在前,动词在后.3.时态:由主句时态决定从句时态,宾语从句时态,主句时态,现在时,从句需要的任何时态,过去时,相应的过去某种时态(客观真理用一般现在时),选择正确的语序.Could you tell me what_?A.does your mother do B.your mother does 2.Please tell me _yesterday.A.why he didnt come B.why didnt he come,B,A,3.N

5、obody knows_.A.if will rain it later B.if it will rain later4.Can you tell me_?A.whose bag this is B.whose bag is this,B,A,1.Does he know French?We want to know if/whether French.,2.Will they go to Canada in summer?They re not sure if/whether Canada in summer.,he knows,they will,go to,3.When will he

6、 go to the library?His brother asks when _ the library.,4.What does he want to buy?I dont know what _ buy.,5.Who are we going to meet?Can you tell me who _ meet?,he will go to,he wants to,we are going to,用正确的时态完成下列句子:1.He says he_ to the zoo last week.(go)2.Do you know where he _?(work)3.He told me

7、he_ English.(like)4.I thought he_ back tomorrow.(come),went,works,liked,would come,综合训练一:单项选择 1.I dont know_ we will go.A.whether B.what C.where D.that2.I didnt know whether Mr.Smith _yet.A.has returned B.has returned C.had returned D.returned,C,C,3.The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun

8、.A.moved B.moves C.move D.moving4.Could you tell me _?A.if he would come tomorrow B.will he come tomorrow C.whether he will come tomorrow D.If he comes tomorrow,B,C,综合训练二:改错1.I dont know where he lived in Beijing last year.2.We wonder how we should do next.3.He says that he buys a book yesterday.,if

9、/whether,what,bought,4.He told me that he will come back tomorrow.5.I want to know what are they doing.6.Do you know how long has he studied English?,would,they are,he has,宾语从句的几个特殊情况:1.否定前移 I dont think youre right.我认为你不对.I dont believe he will leave us.我相信他不会离开我们.需要用否定前移的句型有：I think/believe/suppos

10、e/expect,.宾语从句中用虚拟语气 He suggested that we should put off the basketball match.他建议我们推迟篮球赛 I insist everyone should obey the rule.我坚决主张人人都应遵守这条规则 I wish I could fly.我希望我能飞翔.注意：suggest建议;表明 insist坚决主张;坚决认为,3.if 与whether的区别 如果宾语从句中出现or not 或to+动原时,只能用whether.We dont know whether to help him or not.我们不知道

11、是否该帮助他.介词后的宾语从句只能用whether引导.He worried about whether it would be fine.他担心天气是否会晴.,用if或 whether填空:1.I asked her _ she had a bike.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.8.I dont know _ to go.,if/whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,4.

12、it常可以放在动词think,make,find,feel,consider,believe等后作为形式宾语,此时引导宾从that的不可省略.We heard it that she would get married next month.我们当时听说她下个月将要结婚了.Do you consider it necessary that I say it again?你认为我有必要再重复一次吗?,5.宾语从句不能省略的几种情况:（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；Everyone knew what happened and that she was w

13、orried.大家都知道发生了什么事,并且也都知道她很着急.,（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.原因在于她比其他所有人工作都要更努力.（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句 I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.我认为你们很必要大声朗读英语.,6.注意if/when引导的是哪一类从句Do you know if _back next week?If he _ back,please let me

14、 know.he comes,will come B.will he come,comes C.he will come,comes D.he will come,will come,C,I dont know when he _(come).I cant wait here any more.When he _(come),would you please ask him to call me?,will come,comes,表语从句,Her wish is clear.主 系 表Her wish is that she could lose weight soon.主 系 表从2.The

15、 question is puzzling.主 系 表 The question is whether it is worth doing.主 系 表从,3.It looked as if it was going to snow.主 系 表从4.The problem was who could do the work.主 系 表从5.That is why the brothers wanted to make 主 系 表从 a bet.位于连系动词之后充当表语的句子叫作表语从句.,回顾:连系动词与状态有关的动词叫作连系动词.1.处于某种状态:be,stay,remain,keep,2.感

16、知到某种状态:look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,feel3.由一种状态转化成另一种状态:get,become,turn,grow,go,fall,表语从句的三大问题:连词/语序/时态1.连词的选择:that-引导陈述句(一个确定的事实)as if/as though/whether-引导一个真假莫辨的不确定的陈述 who/whom/whose/which/what when/where/how/why/because,-引导特殊疑问句,连接代词,连接副词,注意:(1)连词that引导表语从句通常不可以省略。(2)if不能引导表语从句;（as if可以）在表语

17、从句中，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“If”。,1.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A.when B.how C.whether D.why 2.The problem is_ he has enough time.A.if B.whether C./D.that,C,B,3.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?A

18、 because B why C what D where Its/Thats because+原因 Its/Thats why+结果,B,I was ill yesterday.(原因)Thats why I was absent from school.(结果)I was absent from school.(结果)Thats because I was ill yesterday.(原因)4.The reason _ I was absent from school is _ I was ill yesterday.A why,because B that,because C why,

19、that D that,that,C,reason作主语时，后面的表语从句要用that引导，不能用because。The reason why is that The reason for is that,2.语序:陈述语序主语在前,谓语在后;又或者说名词/代词在前,动词在后.3.时态:表语从句时态不受主句时态的限制。,改错1.The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.2.It looked as if he understood the question.But actually,he didnt.3.The question is if

20、 you can stick to your plan.,he can,had understood,whether,使用表语从句要注意的几个问题:1.引导词的选用：Thats/Its why+结果 Thats/Its because+原因 The reason why is that,2.表语从句中用虚拟语气的情况:在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可省略。这一类名词常见的有：advice,suggestion,order,proposal,plan,idea等。,改错1.The reason why he was lat

21、e was because he didnt catch the early bus.2.The most important thing is that a man does but not that he says.3.Is this that you are looking for?,that,what,what,what,4.The order was that all the girl students had their long hair cut.2.The most important thing is that a man does but not that he says.

22、3.Is this that you are looking for?,should have,what,what,what,1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh,thats_.A.what makes me feel excited B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited,A,2.Air to usis _ water is to fish A.is that B.whatC.which D.that3.We mad

23、e the suggestion that he _ his work.A continues B continue C continued D had continued,B,B,4.Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A.why B.what C.how D.that 5.The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.A.because B.why C.that D.whether,B,C,6.That is _ they separated.A.that B.what C.which D.wh

24、ere 7.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A.what B.which C.that D.when,D,A,8.Energy is _ makes things work.A.what B.something C.anything D.that,A,名词性从句 by Will Smiles,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句.分为:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句的功能,功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类,引导名词性从句的连

25、接词,可分为三类：1.连接代词that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）,引导名词性从句的连接词,2.连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也是从句的一个组成部分。3.连接副词：when,where,how,why,引导主语从句不可省略的连词：,介词后的连词 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。,同位语从句,在一个更长的句子中作同位语使用的句子叫同位语从句。同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如：The fact that she is ill should be considered

26、.,同位语从句一般在下列词的后面,belief,fact,fear,hope,idea,news,problem,reason,result,possibility等。如：I have no idea when he will return.,不同连词引导的同位语从句,引导同位语从句的连词除that外，还可以用how,when,where,why,等。He cant answer thequestion how he got themoney.,不同连词引导的同位语从句,I should like to know the reason why you changed the plan.I ha

27、ve no idea when she will be back.,主语从句,在另外一个句子中做主语的句子叫主语从句。How the book will sell depends on its author.That he is the best student in the class is obvious,主语从句常用it作形式主语放句首,因而我们常见到这种句式：It+be+n./adj/-ed从句（that,whether,etc.)例：Its a pity that you should have to leave.It is great that I have a teacher l

28、ike you.,whether与if均为“是否”,但下列情况下只用whether：1.whether引导主语从句并在句首 Whether he will come is not clear.2.引导表语从句,The question is whether hell come.,3.whether从句作介词宾语 Im not sure about whether well win.4.从句后有or not Whether you like it or not,you ll have to do it.,表语从句,在另外一个句子中作表语的句子叫表语从名。The fact is that he h

29、as not been seen recently.,宾语从句,在另一个句子中做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.,宾语从句,Now I want to know what I can do.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday,名词性从句,主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句,名词性从句动画讲解,Noun Clause,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句.,名词性从句,名词性从句,（一）引导名词性从句

30、的连接词,1、连接代词：_.有词义，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：_.有词义，在从句中作状语。3、连接词：_.that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether),as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。,who,whose,whom,what,which,when,where,why,how,that,whether,if,as if,（二）主语从句,1、主语从句在复合句作主语。Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。It doesnt matter so much whether you

31、will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.,（三）表语从句,1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。The question was who could go there.2、引导表语从句的连接词that在口语中有时可省去。My idea is(that)we can get more comrades to help in the work.,（四）宾语从句,1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。I hope(that)

32、everything is all right.2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。Im interested in whether youve finished the work.Im interested in what youve said.3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。,用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。I dont

33、 know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。It depends on whether we have enough time.They dont know whether to go there.,（五）同位语从句,同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise,problem,hope等）之后，说明该名词的具体内

34、容.引导同位语从句的连词除that 外，还可以用how,when,where,why等 I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.,名词性从句重难点归纳分析,1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句，that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。That he stole a bike was true.The important thi

35、ng is what you do,but not what you say.,2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。Where and when he was born has not been found.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。The problem is what he has done to the little boy.,陈述句的语

36、序,4、引导主语从句的that不能省略。但为避免头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语，而把真正主语从句放到后面。如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?,5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在则不受此影响。We believed that he ha

37、d earned enough money to build a house.,6、与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should动词原形”或省去should。She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside.如果suggest作“表明、暗示”，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”,则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.,9、介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，

38、要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。I could say nothing but that I was angry.我无话可说，只是感到生气。,10、引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。He said(that)the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.,11、当主句是 I/We think(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine

39、)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中，成为否定的转移。We dont believe that he will win the game.,not,12、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that 不能省略。He has made it clear that he will not give in.,宾语补足语,13、doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句

40、时，后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。We doubt whether/if he can win the game.We dont doubt that he can win the game.,We are sure,14、连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who,anything that等。(他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/what/which.)Whoever breaks the law should be punished.,Anyone who,Just have a go.C

41、an you choose the best answer to each sentence from 06 NMET?,1.With his work completed,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.(2006 湖南)A.which B.that C.what D.whether2.We havent settled the question of _it is necessary for him to study abroad.（2006江苏）A.if B

42、.where C.whether D.that3._makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.（2006辽宁）A.WhatB.WhoC.Whatever D.Whoever,B,C,A,4.See the flags on top of the building?That was_we did this morning.（2006全国I）A.when B.which C.where D.what5.Please remind me_he said he was going.I may be in tim

43、e to see him off.（2006全国I）A.where B.when C.how D.what6.-What did your parents think about your decision?-They always let me do _ I think I should.（2006全国III）A.when B.thatC.how D.what 7.One advantage of playing the guitar is _ it can give you a great deal of pleasure.(2006上海）A.how B.why C.that D.when

44、,D,B,D,C,Can you distinguish THAT-CLAUSE in the two sentences?,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词从句

45、,His job is important.,What he does is important.,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,表语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,I dont know about the man,Mr.White.,I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.,同位语,宾语,1._ the baby could speak made h

46、is parents very happy.A.That B.What C.Why D.If2.I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.A.that B.if C.whether D.what3.This is _ he was often late for school.A.what B.that C.why D.whether4.We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun.A.if;moved B.that;moves C.why;move D.whether;move,主语从

47、句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Practice,At lunch time,the radio weatherman reported that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.What surprised me most was that the old man couldnt see anything.The fact that Polly didnt ask for the man

48、s name is a pity.,Predictive Clause(表语从句),Object Clause(宾语从句),Subject Clause(主语从句),Appositive Clause同位语从句,Find clauses from the following sentences and tell the functions of them,1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the m

49、oney is to be found out.5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,Subject Clause,主语从句,“It”is used as empty subject,形式主语,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,1.It is certain that he will succe

50、ed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.,Its likely/possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚 Its said/reported that据说/据报道 It seems/appears/happens that显然、明显、碰巧.Its been announced/declared that已经通知/宣布Its no wonder that并