初中英语语法系列-动词.ppt

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1、导言,本课的重点是掌握英语的两种基本句型，要注意词性和词序，同时注意中英文表达上相同和不同的地方。掌握好这两种基本句型，会在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。,We are plant the trees in spring.我们是在春天植树。,错误如下：be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中 解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，这是学习英语最忌讳的，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，否则语法就不正确了。,About Sentences,句子构成：主语部分+谓语部分英文与中文相同，常用的句子都包括两部分：一部分是句子里说的“谁”或“什么”（主语部分）；另一部分是句子

2、里说的“是什么”“怎么样”或“做什么”（谓语部分）。,Lets Study these sentences,李华关上门。Li Hua closed the door.那幅画非常漂亮。That picture is very beautiful.他是一名英语老师。He is an English teacher.我的宠物狗在花园里。My pet dog is in the garden.,系动词be,系动词不能单独作谓语，必须和名词或形容词一起使用，作句子的谓语。be是最基本的系动词。它解决主语“是什么”和“怎么样”的问题。例如：I am a student.（是什么）我是一个学生。The ma

3、n is very tall and strong.（怎么样）那男人又高又壮。,基本句型1,主语+系动词+表语（表示状态）,注意：*该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。,Put These Sentences into English,1.这个人是一个老师。This man is a teacher.主语 系 表语（名词）2.他很忙。He is busy.主 系 表语（形容词）3.她在教室里。She is in the classroom.主语 系 表语（介词短语）,注：中文中有些句子的谓语部分是没有动词的，但英文中每个句子都得有动词。否则就会犯语法错误。,Be的人称变化,You(They We

4、)are teachers.He(She)is a teacher.I am a teacher.总结：我用am,你用are,is用于他、她、它。,基本句型2,主语+谓语+宾语+状语（表示动作）,状语的位置1.孩子们玩游戏。The children played games.2.孩子们安静地玩游戏。The children played games quietly.3.孩子们在他们的房间里安静地玩游戏。The children played games quietly in their room.4.孩子们今天早上在他们的房间里安静地玩游戏。The children played games

5、quietly in their roomthis morning.中文习惯于先交代时间和地点，但英语中状语往往放在主谓结构后面，次序为：how,where,when.,基本句型2,实义动词do,实义动词也叫行为动词，能独立作谓语。它解决主语“做什么”的问题。例如：throw投掷 walk 行走 dance 跳舞 sing唱歌 live生活 study学习 它们都能独立作谓语。,Lets Study these Sentences,1.Elephants have long noses.主语 谓语 宾语(名词性短语)2.I love you.主 谓 宾语（代词）3.The lion opene

6、d its huge mouth and 主语 谓语 宾语（名词性短语）roared.谓语4.Judy found a Christmas gift in the stocking.主语 谓语 宾语（名词短语）状语,Exercises：判断以下句子谓语用哪类动词,那是我们的学校。她的红领巾很干净。我妈妈现在在家。我喜欢画画。他每天放学后和朋友踢足球。我们互相帮助。,be(is),be(is),be(is),do(like),do(plays),do(help),英语句子三部曲,看见句子就问三个问题：1.要用哪类动词做谓语？（主语干什么则考虑实义动词do，主语怎么样了或者说是什么就用系动词be）

7、2.这个动作是谁发出的？人称是单数还是复数？3.这个动作啥时候发生的，用什么时态？三个问题帮助大家查缺补漏。希望大家能够养成习惯，形成条件反射,英语的句子时态,汉语里没有时态的说法，但英语中每个句子都会用一种时态，而且时态是通过谓语动词（Be动词或实意动词do）的变化体现的，能注意到并掌握好这点是学好英语的基础。,一般现在时(the Simple Present Tense)1.表示现在的状态：e.g.Hes twelve.Shes at work.2.表经常或习惯性的动作：e.g.I get up at 6:30 every day.He reads English every mornin

8、g.3.表主语具备的性格和能力等：e.g.She likes noodles.They speak French.4.普遍真理和自然规律：e.g.Two plus four is six.The moon goes around the earth.,系动词be的一般现在时,第一人称单数（I）+am I am a doctor.I am hungry.第三人称单数（He/she/it）+is She is a kind teacher.It is cloudy today.第二人称/各人称复数（You/we/they）+are You are a handsome boy.They are b

9、usy with their homework everyday.,Be的肯定否定及疑问的变化,You(They We)are teachers.He(She)is a teacher.I am a teacher.You(They We)are not teachers.He(She)is not a teacher.I am not a teacher.Are you(they we)teachers?Is he(she)a teacher?Am I a teacher?,be 的用法口诀,我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。变疑问，往前提，句末问

10、号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。,用be动词的适当形式填空,1.I a student.You a teacher.2.She my friend.3.You and I good friends.4.His friends very funny.5.The twins very happy because they want to go to a movie.6.Lilys room not very big.,are,are,is,are,are,am,is,实义动词do的一般现在时,主语+动词原形+其它We want to take a tr

11、ip during the holiday.我们想在假期去旅行。You do a very good job in cooking.你的厨艺很棒。They all run fast in sports meeting.他们在运动会上跑得都很快。,实义动词do的一般现在时,特别注意：第三人称单数（he/she/it）+动词第三人称单数现在式Ann gets up at 8:00 every morning.安每天早上8点起床。2.She studies hard.她学习努力。,Lets Chant and Sing,I go,you go,she goes.I have,you have,she

12、 has.I play,you play,she plays.I do,you do,she does.I sing,you sing,he sings.I read,you read,he reads.I swim,you swim,he swims.I say,you say,he says.,实义动词的肯定否定及疑问的变化,I stay at home on Saturdays.They have sports every day.He stays at home on Saturdays.Lucy has sports every day.I dont stay at home on

13、Saturdays.They dont have sports every day.He doesnt stay at home on Saturdays.Lucy doesnt have sports every day.Do you stay at home on Saturdays?Do they have sports every day?Does he stay at home on Saturdays?Does Lucy have sports every day?,肯定句变疑问句口诀,“是，情，助”，移向前，主语其后把身安，一般，现在，与过去，do,does,did添在前，再改谓

14、语为原形。最后要把问号点。,练习1：下列各句都有一处错误，请改正,1.Look!The monkeys are eat bananas.2.Peters shoes under the bed.3.Where is the rain come from?4.My father like drinking.He drank some tea last night.,eating,are,does,likes,练习2：选择正确的选项,.1 Jenny _ in an office.Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work

15、 are working D is working work,2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has,3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain B didnt rain C doesnt rain D isnt rain,4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose;set B rises;sets C rises,set D rise;sets,5 Wang Mei _ musi

16、c and often _ to music.A like;listen B likes;listens C like;are listening D liking;listen,6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied,练习3：小作文,这是我的小弟弟。他的名字是Allen，他七岁了，非常可爱。他非常喜欢他的宠物猫，他常常和它一起玩耍。他也喜欢球类运动，他总是和他的朋友们在一起踢足球。,英汉语言有差异，be、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。,Attention!,Thank you for listening,