初中英语定语从句.ppt

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1、初中英语定语从句讲解及练习,资阳林凤中学 lfzxwbxteacher,定语从句：复合中在修饰句名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。,.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被叫 做。.关系词：关系代词和关系副词。1.引导定语从句的关系代词有：2.引导定语从句的关系副词有：。3.关系代词在定语从句中做 4.关系副词在定语从句中做。,先行词,who,whose,whom,which,that。,when,where,why,主语，宾语，定语,状语,(一）关系词代词在定语从句中的作用：一、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。,This is the man w

2、ho helped me.The boy who/whom we saw yesterday is Johns brother.二、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。1The doctor(whom)you are looking for is in the room.,2.The person(whom)you just talked to is Mr.Li.=The person to whom you just talked is Mr.Li.(介词后 whom不能省略),3.The babies whom the nurses are

3、looking after are very healthy.(固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后，例如：look for/look after/take care of/put on/take off)三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。,1Do you know the woman whose name is Mary.2.He has a friend whose father is a doctor.3.Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black.,四、that引导的定语从句，that在从

4、句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语.(that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which)1.The letter(that/which)I received was from my father.2.I cant find the letter that/which came this morning.3.Do you still remember the days(that/which)we spenttogether?（先行词作spend的宾语，不能用when。）,4.The house that/which we live

5、in is not large.=The house in which we live is not large.=The house where we live is not large.,5.This is the man that/who helped me.6.The doctor that/whom/who you are looking for is in the room.五.which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词.1.This is the book(which/that)you want.2.The building

6、which/that stands near the river is our school.(先行词在从句中作主语),3.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略)=The room where there is a machine is a workshop.(先行词在从句中作状语),4.The house(which/that)we live in is not large.(先行词在从句中作in live宾语)=The house where we live is not large.(先行词在

7、从句中作live的 状语)5.This is the watch(which/that)he was looking for.,（二）:不论是人/物都只能用that的情况,（）:在there+be 的句型中，主句的主语是先行词，而且又是物。1.There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。There is no work that can be done now.没有什么工作现在能做的了。（）:当先行词为主句的表语,1.This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。,2.Our s

8、chool is no longer the school that it used to be.():以Here is(are)开头的句子时。1.Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。2.Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。,():当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which，在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，可省略。,1.This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。2.She

9、admired(羡慕)the way in which I answered the questions(*).在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一 个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。,1.He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。,2.My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isnt far from here.().当先行词被the last

10、,*the very 和the only修饰时。1.This is the very pen that I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。,2.The only book I want to read is missing.我唯一想看的书不见了。3.The last student that came in is her twin brother.,(*).在强调句子中，并且以who,which,what开头时。1.Who was it that was lost?究竟是谁迷路了？2.What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？,

11、().当先行词被序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时。1.You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。,2.This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书().当先行词为anything、everything、nothing、anybody、nobody、all,或被all、every,no,some,few,little,much,both等修饰时，但用something时，用which或者that均可,1.Everything we have seen

12、 in China is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。2.I have nothing that is worth reading.,3.This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。4.Have you any books that are worth reading?你有值的看的书吗？().当先行词既指人又指物时。1.The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.,2.Lets talk about the

13、persons and the things that we can remember.,().当先行词是疑问代词who时。Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?你见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？：关系副词的用法：（一）.由when 引导的定语从句，修饰表示时间的先行词，when为关系副词，做定语从句的时间状语。,1.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2.I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing

14、.(介词which可以代替 when),3.Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.4.I remember the days which/that we spent together.做spent的宾语。思考：两个句中的关系词能否互换？为什么？,(二).由where 引导的定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词，where为关系副词，做定语从句的地点状语。,1.This is the place where we lived for five years.2.The factory where his father works is

15、in the west of the city.3.The factory in which his father works is in the west of the city.(介词which可以代替where)4.This is a place which/that I wanted to visit.5.Shanghai is the city where I was born.思考：四个句中的关系词能否互换？为什么？,（三）.Why引导的定语从句，why做原因状语。,1.I know the reason why he came late.(forwhich可以代替why)2.Th

16、e reason why/for which he was late was that he was ill.,关系代词在从句中作主语，谓语动词的数与先行词保持一致。1.The student who is good at English studies hard.2.The students who are good at English study hard.,.定语从句可分为两大类，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话,主句的意思,就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词（不用逗号隔开）如：,I was the only person in my office who was invited.*非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起补充、说明的作用，也就是说即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响。主从句之间常用逗号分开，且：非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。This was the American Civil War,which lasted 4 years before the North won in the end.,注意带*号的为选学内容。Thank you for reading.,