中考英语复习方案-形容词、副词.ppt
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1、中考英语复习方案语法部分,第一篇 词法四、形容词、副词,知识概要 表示人或事物的属性或特征的词叫形容词。形容词修饰名词,一般放在所修饰的名词之前;若修饰不定代词,则需后置。副词用以修饰动词、形容词和其他副词,还可修饰全句,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分。,形容词、副词比较级、最高级一览表,难点链接,1.形容词的用法 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和宾语补足语
2、。例如:Our country is a beautiful country.(作定语)The fish went bad.(作表语)We keep our classroom clean and tidy.(作宾语补足语)2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。(错)He is an ill man.(对)The man is ill.(错)She is an afraid girl.(对)The girl is afraid.这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,fa
3、int,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词时,形容词要放在名词后面。例如:I have something important to tell you.Is there anything interesting in the film.,难点链接,4)大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,lively 仍为形容词。如:(错)She sang lo
4、vely.(错)He spoke to me very friendly.(对)Her singing was lovely.(对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.5)用形容词表示类别和整体a.某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the
5、 blind,the hungryThe poor are losing hope.b.有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor.,难点链接,6)多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)-出处-材料性质,类别-名词。如:a small round table,a tall gray building,a dirty old
6、 brown shirt,a famous German medical school,an expensive Japanese sports car,限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体。如:those three beautiful large square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如:an old brown wood table,难点链接,2.副词的基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。1)副词的位置(1)在动词之前。(2)在be动词、助动词之后。(3)有多个助动词时,副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意:a.大多数方式副词位
7、于句尾,但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。如:We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b.方式副词well,badly,hard等只放在句尾。如:He speaks English well.2)副词的排列顺序:(1)时间,地点副词,小单位的在前,大单位在后。(2)方式副词,短的在前,长的在后,并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.(3)多个不同副词排列:程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意:副词very 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。改错:(错)I very l
8、ike English.(对)I like English very much.注意:副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。如:I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.,难点链接,3)副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。He studies very hard.(作状语)Life here is full of joy.(作定语)When will you be back?(作表语)副词
9、按其用途和含义可分为下面五类:(1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如:He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.(2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here,there,inside,outside,home,up
10、stairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如:I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.,(3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的?”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的,有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有:badly,bravely,carefully,proudly,suddenly,succes
11、sfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如:The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.(4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much,(a)little,a bit,very,so,too,enough,quite,
12、rather,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如:Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.(5)疑问副词疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:how,when,where,why等。例如:How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?,难点链接,难点链
13、接,4)部分常用副词的用法(1)very,much这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如:She is a very nice girl.Im feeling much better now.much可以修饰动词,而very则不能。例如:I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.(2)too,either这两个副词都表示“也”,但too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。例如:She can dance,and I can dance,too.I havent
14、 read the book and my brother hasnt either.3)already,yetalready一般用于语肯定句,yet一般用于否定句。例如:He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4)so,neither(nor)so和neither都可用于倒装句,但so表示肯定,neither(nor)表示否定。例如:My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither
15、do I.,难点链接,3.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法(1)两个人或事物的比较时(不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物),用比较级。Our teacher is taller than we are.The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2)most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常,十分。Its most dangerous to be here.在这儿太危险。(3)The+形容词比较级.,the+形容词比较级.表示 越.就越.。The more you study,the more you
16、 know.(4)形容词比较级+and+形容词比较级,表示 越来越.。Its getting hotter and hotter.(5)主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。This box is as big as mine.(6)the+形容词 表示某种人。He always helps the poor.(7)形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.,(8)as+形容词或副词原级+as的用法 A.在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot
17、run so/as fast as you.B.当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。as+形容词+a+单数名词+as,as+many/much+名词+as.如:This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.C.用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.D.倍数+as+adj.+as倍数+the+名词+ofThis bri
18、dge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine.E.为了避免重复,当比较连词前后的主语说的是同一类事物时,后面的主语要用代词that或those代替。如:They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.The population of Indian is no
19、t so large as that of China.,难点链接,(9)可修饰比较级的词有:a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,any,still,even等,还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。能修饰最高级的有:the very,much the,far等。典型例题:1)-Are you feeling _?-Yes,Im fine now.A.any wellB.any betterC.quite good D.quite better答案:B.any
20、 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.2)The experiment was_ easier than we had expected.A.more B.much more C.muchD.more much答案:C.much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。3)If there were no examinations,we should have _ at school.A.the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest time D.a
21、 much happier time 答案:D。(10)几个特殊形容词many,old 和 far的用法。A.如果后接名词时,much more+不可数名词,many more+可数名词复数B.old 有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。如:My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.C.far 有两种比较级,farther,further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中,father 表示距离,f
22、urther表示进一步。如:I have nothing further to say.,难点链接,4.注意:1)要避免重复使用比较级。(错)He is more cleverer than his brother.(对)He is more clever than his brother.(对)He is clever than his brother.2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错)China is larger that any country in Asia.(对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3)要注意对应句型
23、,遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4)要注意冠词的使用,后有名词的时候,前面才有可能有冠词。比较:Which is larger,Canada or Australia?Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia?She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two si
24、sters.5)大多数形容词变为副词都是直接加-ly,但以下词的变化要注意:true-truly terrible-terribly full-fully possible-possibly shy-shyly whole-wholly,难点链接,正误辨析,1.误 The young likes playing football very much.正 The young like playing football very much.析 定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如:The beautiful is not always kindne
25、ss.美丽并不总代表善良。2.误 The danger has gone,so the worst are over.正 The danger has gone,so the worst is over.析 意为:危险已经过去,最困难的状况已结束。用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。3.误 It is the gold age of the young.正 It is the golden age of the young.析 golden在英语中多用于比喻,如:golden hair金发,gulden voice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的,如:a gold bar金条,a
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