《大学英语教学资料》语法讲解-主谓一致a.ppt

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1、,主谓一致,主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称、数和意义方面必须和主语保持一致。,1.语法一致2.意义一致：指主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式。eg:My family were watching TV at 7 oclock.3.就近原则：指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。eg:There are two pens,a book and three pencils on the desk.,一.谓语动词用单数的情况二.谓语动词用复数的情况三.谓语动词可用单数，也可以用复数的情况,一.谓语动词用单数的情况

2、,1动名词短语、不定式短语、名词性从句做主语，谓语用单数。如：Buying clothes is often a time-consuming job.To understand them(be)impossible.Reading without comprehension(be)no good.,一.谓语动词用单数的情况,2.表示时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、容积等度量的名词短语做主语时，谓语用单数。如：Two weeks was too long.Five times five makes twenty five.Seventy miles(be)covered in a sing

3、le night.,3当and 连接的两个单数形式的名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数.如:law and order 法制 soap and water 肥皂水 fork and knife 刀叉 time and tide 岁月 trial and error 反复尝试，不断摸索 bread and butter 奶油面包,一.谓语动词用单数的情况,His warmest admirer and severest critic was his wife.他的妻子是他最热心的崇拜者和最严厉的批评者。Whisky and soda(be)always my

4、 favorite drink.War and peace(be)a constant theme in history.,一.谓语动词用单数的情况,注意：在each and each,every and every 等结构后，谓语动词则只能用单数形式：Each boy and each girl is asked to help.Every meeting room and every bedroom is occupied.,一.谓语动词用单数的情况,4表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词以及表示国家、组织等名称的专有名词是复数形式，作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式 statistics统计学 mea

5、sles 麻疹 phonetics 语音学 optics 光学 genetics 遗传学 General Motors 通用公司 the Netherlands 荷兰 the New York Times 纽约时报 the United Nations 联合国,一.谓语动词用单数的情况,5.a pair of+由两部分构成的物体的名词（如：shoes,scissors,glasses,jeans,pants,trousers 等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：My new pair of pants is being altered.A pair of glasses costs quite

6、a lot these days.但是这些名词直接作主语时，谓语用复数。如：My black trousers have worn out.我的黑裤子已经穿破了。,二.谓语用复数情况 1.由and,both and,连接的并列主语，和both,a few,many,several 等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式 如：Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.,二.谓语用复数情况,2.集体名词police,public,cattle,class,youth后常用复数形式的动词,二.谓语用复数情况,3当表示

7、民族的词与冠词合用当主语，谓语动词用复数形式。翻译：日本民族曾经很具有侵略性。The Japanese were once very aggressive.4某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人，做主语时候，谓语动词用复数 翻译：有钱人并不都自私。The rich are not always selfish.,三.谓语用单数或复数的情况,1 就近一致原则 这种情况下，谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数，存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能：,就近一致原则,1）由连词 eitheror;neithernor;whether or;not onlybut(also);等连接的并列主

8、语 如：Neither money nor fame(have)influence on me.Not only you but also he(be)wrong.,就近一致原则,2)在倒装结构中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致 如：Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.,三.谓语用单数或复数的情况,2 主语带有（together/along）with,accompanied by,as well as,no less than,except,besides,combined with

9、,in addition to,including,等等附加成分，谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致.如：The president of the college,together with the deans,(be)planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.,三.谓语用单数或复数的情况,3一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候，谓语动词的数取决于名词的数，名词是复数，谓语动词用复数，反之就用单数。这些短语包括：a lot of/lots of;plenty of/heaps of;h

10、alf of;two-third(three-fourth)of;eighty(ten,twenty)percent;part of;rest of;none of 等等,如：Two-thirds of people present are women.Lots of damage(be)caused by the fire.,注意：all,some 及most 做主语时，其谓语动词及其相应的代词应按照概念一致的原则，根据其表达的概念或所接of 后的名词的数来确定。All that he wants(be)a quiet room.All of the fruit(look)ripe.All

11、of the cherries(look)ripe.,三.谓语用单数或复数的情况,4集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数，当表示整体时候，谓语动词就用单数，当强调集体中的个体时候，谓语动词就用复数。这些集体名词如：army,audience,band,government,group,flock,police,public,staff,team,troop,crowd,firm,family 等等 The family(is/are)the basic unit of our society.The family(were/was)watching the TV.,三.谓语用

12、单数或复数的情况,5.在“one of+复数形式+形容词从句”结构中，关系代词who,that 或which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,所以，从句中的谓语动词要按毗邻一致的原则，采用复数形式。He is one of those persons who always think they are right.One of the tourist cars which(be)brand-new went dead because of a loose wire.,但是，如在one 前面有修饰the only 时，关系代词指代的则是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词，所以，从句中的谓语动

13、词按语法一致的原则用单数形式：He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.,6某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数 第一组：a great many+可数名词复数 谓语用复数 a number of+可数名词复数 谓语用复数 the majority of+可数名词复数 谓语用复数 第二组；the number of+可数名词复数 谓语用单数 neither/either of+可数名词复数 谓语用单数 one and a half+可数名词复数 谓语用单数,第三组；more than one+可数名词单数 谓语用单数 many a+可数名词单数 谓语用单数,The End,