《园林树木学西农-吉文丽》被子植物门.ppt

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1、,The Hippocastanaceae is a small family of trees(rarely shrubs).A feature of the family is the palmate compound leaves,opposite.乔木,稀灌木，掌状复叶对生，花杂性同株，顶生圆锥花序，蒴果3裂，种子大。2属约30种，中国1属约10种。,七叶树 Hippocastanaceae,七叶树属 Aesculus,Aesculus are woody plants from 4 to 36m tall,and have stout shoots;opposite,palmatel

2、y divided leaves;and showy insect-pollinated flowers,with four or five petals fused into a lobed corolla tube.The fruit is a rich glossy brown to blackish-brown nut 25 cm diameter,usually globose with one nut in a green or brown husk,but sometimes two nuts together in one husk;the point of attachmen

3、t of the nut in the husk shows as a large circular whitish scar.The husk has spines in some species,spineless in others,and splits into three sections to release the nut.落叶乔木，稀灌木，掌状复叶具长柄，小叶59，有锯齿，圆锥花序直立而多花，花萼钟状或管状，花瓣具爪。,七叶树 A.chinensis 落叶乔木，小枝粗壮，小叶具柄517mm，花瓣 4，花小，蒴果光滑，种子形如板栗，仅秦岭有野生，黄河流域及冬部各省有栽培。欧洲七叶

4、树 A.hippocastanum 小叶57，无柄。蒴果褐色，近球形，果皮有刺，原产希腊北部和阿尔巴山尼亚山区，上海，青岛，北京有栽培。日本七叶树 A.turbinate 小叶57，无柄，蒴果近洋梨形，果深棕色，有疣状突起，原产日本。,Flower of the Red Horse-chestnut(Aesculus carnea),Flower of the Red Horse-chestnut(Aesculus carnea),Aesculus hippocastanum,Aesculus glabra,Aesculus glabra,Aesculus hippocastanum,无患子科

5、 Sapindaceae,Plants of this family have a variety of habits,from trees to herbaceous plants or lianas.Their leaves usually spirally alternate.They are most often pinnately compound,with a petiole lacking stipules.Flowers are small and unisexul,or functionally unisexual,though plants may be either di

6、oecious or monoecious.They are usually grouped in cymes grouped in panicles.They most often have four or five petals and sepals花萼.The stamens range from eight to ten.The most frequent number is eight,in two rings of four.The gynoecium 雌蕊contains two or three carpelsThe fruits are fleshy or dry,.They

7、 may be nuts,berries,drupes,capsules,or samaras.,无患子科 Sapindaceae,乔灌木，稀草本，羽状复叶互生，花单性或杂性，雄蕊810，子房上位，多三室。蒴果、核果、坚、浆果、翅。约150属2000，产热带，亚热带，中国产25属56种。,栾树属 Koelreuteria,They are medium-sized deciduous trees growing to 10-20 m tall,with alternately arranged pinnate or bipinnate leaves.The flowers are small

8、and yellow,produced in large branched panicles 20-50 cm long.The fruit is a three-lobed inflated papery capsule 3-6 cm long,containing several hard nut-like seeds 5-10 mm diameter.落叶乔木；奇数羽状复叶或二回羽状复叶，小叶有粗锯齿或缺裂；花黄色，不整齐，大型顶生圆锥花序，花瓣上有爪，花瓣基部有2个附属物；蒴果，气球状，3瓣开裂。,全缘栾树 K.integrifolia 2回羽状复叶，711，小叶全缘或偶有齿，花黄色顶

9、生圆锥花序，89月，蒴果，10-11，淡红色灯笼状果实挂满枝头。栾树 K.paniculata 落叶乔木，树冠近圆球形，1回奇数羽状叶,或因部分小叶深裂而成不完全的2回羽状复叶，顶生大型疏散的圆锥花序。果成熟时红褐色或橘红色，花期67月，果期910月成熟。,全缘叶栾树,文冠果属 Xanthoceras,本属仅一种，中国特产。文冠果 X.sirbifolia Xanthoceras sorbifolium(Yellowhorn),the sole species in the genus Xanthoceras,is a flowering plant in the family Sapinda

10、ceae,native to northern China.It is a large shrub or small tree growing to 8 m tall.The leaves are arranged alternately,and are pinnate,with 917 leaflets with a sharply serrated margin.The flowers are five white petals,and are produced in erect panicles in mid spring.The fruit is an oval leathery ca

11、psule 56 cm diameter,which splits into three sections at maturity to release the 618 seeds;the seeds are black.,文冠果属 Xanthoceras,本属仅一种，中国特产。文冠果 X.sirbifolia落叶小乔木或灌木，奇数羽状复叶，互生，小叶919，对生或近对生，花杂性，整齐，茎约2cm，萼片，花瓣5，白色。基部有黄变红的斑晕，花盘5裂，裂片背面各有一橙黄色角状附属物。硕果椭球形，46cm，具木质壁，室皆3瓣裂，花期45月。,文冠果,无患子属sapindus,The genus in

12、cludes both deciduous and evergreen shrubs and small trees.The leaves are alternate,15-40 cm long,pinnate,with 14-30 leaflets,the terminal leaflet often absent.The flowers form in large panicles,each flower small,creamy white.The fruit,called a soap nut,is a small leathery-skinned drupe 1-2 cm diame

13、ter,yellow ripening blackish,containing one to three seeds.乔木，灌木。偶数羽状复叶，互生，小叶全缘，花萼花瓣45，核果，球形，中果皮肉质，内果皮革质。,无患子 S.mukurossi落叶，半常绿乔木，树皮灰色，光滑不裂，小枝皮孔多而明显，偶数羽状复叶，叶互生。小叶814互生或近对生，全缘，叶基歪斜，花小黄白色，顶生圆锥花序，核果肉质，球形。,其它,葡萄科 vitaceae,Vitaceae may be recognised by their caducously(早落的)stipulate leaves with palmately

14、 compound,-lobed or-veined blades and often rather coarse teeth,cymose(聚伞花序)inflorescences,and smallish flowers with valvate petals.The stamens are equal in number to and opposite the petals,the usually 4-ovulate,bicarpellate gynoecium has more or less sessile stigmas柱头,and the berry often has rumin

15、ate反刍seeds.The stems are often strongly lenticellate(皮孔),with the bark ultimately flaking,and the leaf blades are very brittle when dry,the fine details of the venation being obscure.Leaf-opposed tendrils or inflorescences are common in the family.,葡萄科 vitaceae,藤本，常具有与叶对生的卷曲，单叶或复叶，有托叶。花小，成聚伞，伞房或圆锥花序

16、，浆果。共12属约700种，分布于热带至温带，中国产7属约100种，南北均有分布。,葡萄属 Vitis,葡萄 V.vinifera落叶藤本，长达30cm，茎皮红褐色，茎皮红褐色，老时条状剥落，卷须间歇性与叶对生，叶互生，近圆形。3-5掌状裂，基部心性，花小黄绿色或紫红色，有白粉，花期56月，果期89成熟。在园林中是很好的棚架植物，即可观赏，遮荫，又可结合果实生产，庭院，公园，疗养院，居民区均可栽培。,woody vine,in the grape family(Vitaceae),that climbs by means of disk-tipped tendrils.It is common

17、ly found in eastern North America and is often grown as a covering vine for walls,fences,and trunks of large trees.Its fall colour ranges from yellow to red-purple.Several cultivated varieties,with smaller leaves and shorter tendrils,have been developed to provide.,爬山虎属（地锦属）Parthenocissus,爬山虎属（地锦属）P

18、arthenocissus,藤本，卷须顶端常扩大成吸盘，叶互生，掌状复叶互生，单叶而有裂，花瓣基数5，浆果。爬山虎 P.tricudpodata单叶常3裂或深裂成3小叶。美国地锦 P.quinquefolia掌状复叶，小叶5。二者都耐荫，秋季叶都变红，前者攀缘能力强，但都可做建筑物的墙壁，围墙，假山，老树干材的绿化材料，见效快。,Parthenocissus tricuspidata Veitchii,P.quinquefolia,椴树科 Tiliaceae,椴树属 TiliaTilia species are large deciduous trees.The leaves of all t

19、he lindens are one-sided,always heart-shaped,and the tiny fruit,looking like peas,always hangs attached to a curious,ribbon-like,greenish yellow bract,whose use seems to be to launch the ripened seed-clusters just a little beyond the parent tree.,这个属许多种是作行道树，为著名的行道树。落叶乔木，单叶互生，叶柄长，叶基不对称，聚伞花序下垂，总梗长度一半

20、与舌状苞片合生，花小，花白色。状核果或浆果状。,椴树属 Tilia,糠 椴,糠椴 T.mandshurica喜光，相当耐荫，耐寒性强，深根性，不耐烟尘，树冠整齐，枝叶茂密，是优良的庭荫树及巷道树。蒙椴（小叶椴）T.monogolica叶三裂具粗锯齿，树形较小，宜在公园，庭院及风景区载植。,扁担杆属 Grewia,扁担杆 G.bilobaA decidious shrub growing to 3m.It is in flower from July to August.The flowers are hermaphrodite 落叶灌木，小枝有星状毛，单叶互生，狭菱状卵形。长3-9cm，缘有不

21、规则锯齿，基部3主脉。叶柄端膨大呈关节状。花淡黄绿色，径不及1cm，核果橙红色，2裂。变种（孩儿拳头）扁担木，果实橙红光亮，且宿存枝头很久。是良好的观果树种。并可作瓶插材料。,Grewia occidentalis,锦葵科Malvaceae,约50属1000种，广布于温带至热带各地。中国约有10属50余种。木槿属 Hibiscus 多为灌木，单叶对生，掌状脉，花大，雄蕊多数，花丝合生柱状，花萼宿存，副萼较小，蒴果5裂，种子无毛。,The genus includes both annual and perennial herbaceous plants,and woody shrubs and

22、 small trees.The leaves are alternate,simple,ovate to lanceolate,often with a toothed or lobed margin.The flowers are large,conspicuous,trumpet-shaped,with five or more petals,ranging from white to pink,red,purple or yellow,and from 4-15 cm broad.The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule,containing seve

23、ral seeds in each lobe,which are released when the capsule splits open at maturity.,木槿 H.syriacus叶菱状卵形,端部常3裂,花单生叶腋,有白,粉红,紫红色等7-9月开放,花期长,可供观赏,常植为绿篱.及基础种植,也可丛植于草坪,路边,林缘.扶桑 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis又叫朱槿,灌木,叶卵形,缘有粗齿,三主脉,花冠通常鲜红色,雄蕊柱甚长,超出花冠外,花梗长而无毛,夏秋开花,原产于我国南部,喜温暖湿润气候,常做美丽的温室花木,在华南露地栽培.,木芙蓉(芙蓉花)Hibisucus mu

24、tabilis 叶卵状心形,掌状3-5(7)裂.密被星状毛和短柔毛.花大,单生枝端叶腋,清晨初开时白色,或浅粉红色,傍晚变成紫红色,副萼线形,9-10月开花,不耐寒.变种:木芙蓉秋季开花,花大而美,其花色,花型随品种不同有丰实变化,由于性喜近水,故常植于水边,还引种在庭院,坡地,路边,林缘,建筑前,或栽作花篱.,木芙蓉,扶桑,梧桐科Sterculiaceae,梧桐(青桐)Firmiana simplexUpright form with an umbrella-like canopy-Simple leaf,palmate with 3-5 lobes,alternate,deciduous

25、leaves 30 cm across-Distinctive fruit with leaf-like structures and 2-3 seeds-Smooth green bark on trunk and branchesIt is grown as an ornamental.,梧桐科Sterculiaceae,梧桐(青桐)Firmiana simplex落叶乔木,高15-20米,树冠卵圆形,树干端直,树皮灰绿色,光滑,单叶互生,掌状3-5裂,裂片全缘,基部心形.花心淡黄绿色,成顶生圆锥花序.蒴果开裂成5枚,舟形膜质心皮.种子大如豌豆.我国分布很广,尤其以长江流域为多.喜光,喜温

26、暖湿润气候,耐寒性不强,怕水淹,深根性.对多种有毒气体都有较好的抗性.观赏特性及用途:梧桐树干端直,树皮光滑,绿色,叶大而形美,绿荫浓密,洁净可爱.梧桐树落叶早,故有”梧桐一叶落,天下尽知秋”之说.适宜草坪,庭院,宅前,坡地,湖畔孤植.在园林中与棕榈,修竹,芭蕉等配植更感和谐.且颇具我国传统民族风味,梧桐,也可做行道树,及居民区,工厂区绿化树种。,山茶 Theaceae,本科约20属250余种,产热带至亚热带,中国产15属190种,主产长江流域以南。山茶属 CamelliaThey are evergreen shrubs and small trees 220 m tall.The leav

27、es are alternately arranged,simple,thick,serrated,usually glossy,and 317 cm long.The flowers are large and conspicuous,112 cm diameter,with(in natural conditions)59 petals;colour varies from white to pink and red,and yellow in a few species.The fruit is a dry capsule,sometimes subdivided into up to

28、5 compartments,each compartment containing up to 8 seeds.The genus is generally adapted to acidic soils,and does not grow well on chalk or other calcium-rich,山茶 Theaceae,本科约20属250余种,产热带至亚热带,中国产15属190种,主产长江流域以南。山茶属 Camellia山茶 Camellia japonica山茶为常绿灌木或小乔木,树形和树势因品种不同而有差异。叶为卵形。倒卵形或椭圆形。长5-11cm,叶端短钝渐尖.叶表有

29、光泽,花单生或对生于枝顶或叶腋,大红色。花瓣5-7，但也有重瓣的。花瓣近圆形顶端微凹,花期2-4月。分布：产于我国东南地区和日本。我国以浙江,江苏,安徽,福建,江西,上海为最多。栽培历史悠久，北方多盆栽。,变种品种:已达3000以上,常见的变种有:,白山茶 花白色白洋茶 花白色,重瓣,6-10轮,外瓣大,内瓣小,呈规则的覆瓦状排列.红山茶 花红色,花型似秋牡丹,有5枚大花瓣,雄蕊有变成狭小花瓣.紫山茶 花紫色 叶呈狭披针形,有似百合的叶形玫瑰山茶 花玫瑰色,近于重瓣重瓣花山茶 花白色而有花纹,重瓣,枝密生,叶圆形.金鱼茶 花红色,单瓣或重瓣,叶端三裂,如鱼尾状朱顶红 花型似红山茶,但呈朱红色,

30、雄蕊2-4枚鱼血红 花色深红,花型整齐,花边覆瓦状排列,有时外轮1-2瓣带白斑什样锦 花色粉红,常有白或红色的条纹与斑点,花型整齐,花瓣呈覆瓦状排列,品种分类:单瓣型 托桂型 半文瓣型 全文瓣型 武瓣型,习性:暖带树种,适宜于温暖湿润气候,过热过冷均不利于生长.在半阴半干情况下安全越夏,强烈阳光直射回引起叶面严重灼伤,在酸性,排水良好和深厚肥沃的砂壤,黄土和腐殖土三者混合中生长良好.山茶花对海潮风有一定的抗性.观赏:山茶是中国传统的名花,叶色翠绿而有光泽,四季常青,花朵大,花色美,品种繁多,从11月即可开始赏早品种花而晚花品种至次年3月开始盛开.故观赏期5个多月.而这时正是花开少的季节.常作庭

31、院及室内装饰.,金花茶 Camellia chrysantha,常绿小乔木,干皮灰白色,平滑,叶长椭圆形至宽披针形,花黄色至金黄色，花期11月至次年3月变种:大叶金花茶 常绿灌木高2-4米,叶椭圆形16-25cm,花黄色,产于广西。小叶金花茶 常绿灌木,叶长椭圆形至倒卵形椭圆形,长10-15cm,宽4-6cm,花淡黄色,果实蒴果,小1.5-2.5cm,花期10-11月,产于广西。,山茶类为世界著名花木，各国园艺界竟相争夺国际市场发掘种质资源及更多更美的品种。过去对山茶花培育有三个目标，就是提高抗寒性，花具芳香，和黄色品种。前两个目标早以实现，后一目标不容易实现。后来发现了金花茶，这样三个目标均

32、可实现。,五加科 Araliaceae,The family includes 254 species of trees,shrubs,lianas and perennial herbaceous plants into 2 subfamilies.Species usually bear pinnately or palmately compound leaves,and usually have small flowers produced in large panicles.乔，灌木或草本或藤本 植物体通常都有刺单叶，复叶，互生，对生，轮生，有托叶花小，多两性花，花瓣5-10枚，雄蕊与

33、花瓣同数或为其两倍，或多数果实为浆果或核果，通常具纵棱本科约60属800余种，产热带至温带，中国20属，135种。,常春藤属 Hedera,Hedera(English name ivy,plural ivies)species are climbing or ground-creeping evergreen woody plants.They have two leaf types,with palmately lobed juvenile leaves on creeping and climbing stems,and unlobed cordate(心形的)adult leaves

34、on fertile flowering stems exposed to full sun,usually high in the crowns of trees or the top of rock faces.The juvenile and adult shoots also differ,the former being slender,flexible and scrambling or climbing with small roots to affix the shoot to the substrate(rock or tree bark),the latter thicke

35、r,self-supporting,and without roots.The flowers are produced in late autumn,individually small,in umbels,greenish-yellow;the fruit are small black berries ripening in late winter,常春藤属 Hedera,常绿攀缘灌木，具气根。叶为单叶对生，全缘或浅裂，就是在结果枝上卵圆形，无裂，营养枝上叶为3裂花两性，花瓣5，雄蕊与花瓣同数。果实为浆果状核果。约5种，我国野生的1种，引入1种。,常春藤Hedera nepalensis

36、 var.sinensis又叫中华常春藤,形态：幼枝上的柔毛为鳞片状，叶小，花果枝椭圆状卵形，椭圆状披针形，营养枝3裂，伞形花序顶生，花淡绿白色，芳香，果熟为红色，黄色，花期8-9月。分布及习性：暖温带树种,我国秦岭以南多有分布，甘、陕各地有栽培，极耐荫。稍耐寒，对土壤，水分的要求不严。,幼枝上柔毛为星状毛,果枝上野为卵状菱形,无毛,营养枝叶为3-5裂,果熟黑色.原产于欧洲圣高加索其他均与常春藤相似.常在温室中见,盆栽多,栽培变种如下:金边常春藤 叶边黄银边常春藤 叶边白金心常春藤 叶心黄彩叶常春藤 叶小,乳白色,带红晕兰色常春藤 绿叶白边,秋季叶变得玫瑰红,春暖后又恢复原状.,刺楸属 Kal

37、opanax,1种,产东亚,我国广泛分布刺楸 Kalopanax septemlobusKalopanax septemlobus is a deciduous tree The stems are often spiny.The leaves are alternate,in appearance similar to a large Fatsia or sweetgum leaf,15-35 cm across,palmately lobed with five or seven lobes,each lobe with a finely toothed margin.Trees with

38、 deeply lobed leaves were formerly distinguished as K.septemlobus var.maximowiczii.The flowers are produced in late summer in large umbels 20-50 cm across at the apex of a stem,each flower with 4-5 small white petals.The fruit is a small black drupe containing 2 seeds.,刺楸属 Kalopanax,1种,产东亚,我国广泛分布刺楸

39、Kalopanax septemlobus形态：落叶乔木,树干通直,枝粗壮,都是有宽大皮刺,单叶互生.掌状5-7裂,缘有细齿,叶柄长,伞形花序聚生或顶生圆锥状.花小而白色,果熟时蓝黑色,花期7-8月。生长习性：暖温带树种,喜光,稍耐荫,对气候适应性强。园林用途：树干耸直,叶大枝疏,满树是刺,并富野趣,加之花色斑斓,逗人喜爱,是花叶俱佳的观赏树种,孤植树。,八角金盘属 Fatsia,本属2种,一种产日本,一种产台湾八角金盘 Fatsia japonicaIt is an evergreen shrub,with stout,sparsely branched stems.The leaves a

40、re alternately-arranged,large,20-50 cm in width and on a petiole up to 50 cm long,leathery,palmately lobed,with 7-9 broad lobes,divided to half or two-thirds of the way to the base of the leaf;the lobes are edged with coarse,blunt teeth.The flowers are small,white,borne in dense terminal compound um

41、bels in late autumn or early winter,followed by small black fruit.,八角金盘属 Fatsia,本属2种,一种产日本,一种产台湾八角金盘 Fatsia japonica常绿灌木,茎高4-5米,常丝生,叶革质,掌状7-9深裂,径20-40cm.边缘有齿,叶柄长10-30cm,花小,白色,果实径约8mm,夏秋间开花。分布：原产日本,中国南方庭院中有栽培习性：性喜荫,有下木之王之称,喜温暖湿润气候,不耐干旱,耐寒性不强。用途：叶大光亮而常绿,托以长炳,形状似金盘,常有8裂片,故得八角金盘,是很好的观叶树种。对二氧化硫抗性极强,常做工矿绿

42、化,林下成片种植也很好,北方盆栽,常室内观赏。,山茱萸科 Cornaceae,The Dogwood family(Cornaceae)is a widespread family,mostly in the north temperate zone.The family mostly comprises woody shrubs and trees.这科约14属,160余种,主产北半球,中国产5属40种。乔木,灌木,罕草。单叶对生,罕见互生.花多两性.排成聚伞,伞形头状,圆锥花序,花各部4,罕5,雄蕊与花瓣同数。多为核果,少为浆果。,梾木属 Cornus,Most species have

43、opposite leaves and a few have alternate.Flowers have four parts.Heads of small white flowers,each with four petals joined as a tube,are produced in midsummer,followed by black berries.The fruit of all species is a drupe with one or two seeds.,梾木属 Cornus,乔,灌木,多为落叶性,单叶对生,稀互生,全缘,常具2叉贴生柔毛,有叶柄.花小,两性,排列成

44、生聚伞花序,花序下无叶状总苞,花部4数,子房下位2室,果为核果。本属共百余种,中国产28种,分布于东北,华南及西南,而主产于西南。,灯台树(瑞木)Cornus controversa,落叶乔木,侧枝轮状着生,层次明显.枝紫红色,无毛,叶互生,叶侧脉6-8对,叶表深绿,叶背灰绿色,叶常集生枝端,花伞房状聚伞花序顶生.花白色,核果由紫红色变成蓝黑色.花期5-6月.,红瑞木 Cornus alba,落叶灌木,枝鲜红色,无毛,髓大而白色,单叶对生,侧脉5-6对,叶表暗绿色,叶背粉绿色,话小,黄白色,成顶生伞房状聚伞花序.核果白色或略带兰色。产于我国北部及西伯里亚,陕西有。喜光,耐半荫,耐寒,耐湿。红瑞

45、木的枝条终年鲜红色,秋叶也为鲜红色,都很美观。,毛棶木 车辆木 小六谷 油树 Cornus Walteri,落叶乔木,叶对生,椭圆状卵形,全缘,羽状侧脉4-5对,背面密背贴生短柔毛,伞房状聚伞花序顶生,花白色,茎约1.2cm,核果圆球形,黑色,花期5-6月.较喜光,耐寒也耐热,能忍受-23度低温和43.4度高温.适应性很强.耐旱,耐湿,耐土壤瘠薄,城市不良情况也能适应.树冠浑圆,姿态潇洒,仲夏银花竞开,璀璨悦目.适宜于园中孤植,与常绿树种混植,叶互生-灯台树叶对生灌木,柱形-红瑞木乔木,花柱成棍棒形-毛梾木,四照花属 Dendrobenthamia,灌木至小乔木,花两性,排成头状花序,序下有大

46、总苞片,核果椭圆形或卵形。四照花 Dendrobenthamia japonica var chinensis(Cornus kousa var chinensis)落叶灌木至小乔木,高可达9m,小枝细,光滑,叶对生,侧脉3-4(-5)对,弧形弯曲,头状花序近球形,序基有4枚白色花瓣状总苞片,椭圆状卵形,长5-6cm,花萼4裂,花瓣4,雄蕊4,果为球形聚合果.成熟后仍变紫色.花期5-6月,果9-10月成熟。,四照花属 Dendrobenthamia,Small trees and shrubs and often cultivated as an ornamental for its beau

47、tiful blooms consisting of clusters of small greenish flowers surrounded by four large white or pink petal-like bracts(specialized leaves).Fruit is drupe.灌木至小乔木,花两性,排成头状花序,序下有大总苞片,核果椭圆形或卵形。,主要产于长江流域各省,湖南,陕,甘均有。喜光,稍耐荫,喜温暖潮湿气候,有一定耐 寒力。树形整齐,初夏开花,白色总苞覆盖满树,是一种美丽的庭院观花树种.配植时,可以常绿树为背景而丛植于草坪.果实可生食。,山茱萸 Macro

48、carpium,Flower clusters semi-showy,usually white or yellow,in cymes without large showy bracts,fruit red,blue or white:以前也是涞木属.灌木至小乔木,单叶对生,花序下有4苞片,花排成伞状花序,核果.中国产2种.山茱萸 M.officinale(cornus officinalis)落叶小灌木至乔木,叶对生,侧脉6-8对,叶腋有黄褐色簇毛,伞形花序,序下4小总苞片,花黄色,花盘环状,核果椭圆形,熟时红色,有光泽,花于春季先叶开放.果熟8-10月.,喜光而又好凉爽,喜湿而排水不良好

49、处,在自然界中多生于山沟,溪旁.簇果如珠,绯红欲滴,艳丽夺目,是优美观景树种.适宜配植林缘,或丛植于山坡,若在草坪,林缘之前群植,背后衬常绿树,其前再植小灌木.一旦果熟,粒粒珊瑚,足供玩赏.山茱萸果枝插瓶,经久不凋.,A1 花序下无总苞片,核果近圆形-涞木属A2 花序下有4枚总苞片 B1 头状花序,总苞片大,白色,花瓣状,核果状果实,椭圆形或卵形-四照花属 B2 伞形花序,总苞片小,黄绿色,鳞片状,核果长椭圆形-山茱萸数,实验八,1.列检索表区别下列三组种和属七叶树、欧洲七叶树和日本七叶树毛梾木、灯台树和红瑞木四照花、梾木属和山茱萸属2.区别下列相近种和属全缘叶栾树和栾树、地锦和美国地锦3.写出下列种和属的特点文冠果属、椴树属、梧桐、山茶花属、刺秋 刺楸、八角金盘、常春藤属,