重症医学资质培训-导管相关性感染.ppt
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1、导管相关性感染,目的,导管相关感染的病原学和感染途径导管相关感染的定义和诊断原则导管相关性感染拔管指征导管相关感染抗生素的选择和疗程导管相关性感染的预防措施,病例分析,女性 72 岁,正常体重,无吸烟史因术后肠梗阻性行肠切除术术中留置锁骨下静脉导管术后出现发热,胸痛,心电图显示急性非ST段抬高心肌梗死(NSTEMI)转入ICU辅助检查外周血培养和中心静脉导管头培养出白色念珠菌外科手术切口培养无细菌生长。,心脏彩超检查,心脏彩超提示:2.51.5 栓子由右心房至上腔静脉,未发现瓣膜赘生物,Transthoracic echocardiographic imaging of right atriu
2、m and superior vena cava(subcostal view)A round solitary lesion,protruding into the right atrium is clearly visualized(A).The lesion has been diminished 15 days after anti-fungal and anti-thrombotic treatment(B,C).,心脏彩超检查,经食管超声心脏检查提示:发至上腔静脉至右心房的团块,Transesophageal echocardiographic imaging-bicaval vi
3、ew-confirmed a 2.51.5 round solitary lesion with distinctive borders attached in the SVC,protruding into the right atrium(Thick arrow)The echo lucent area marked with the thin arrow-most probably presents an abscess of the interatrial septum(A,B).Flow from the superior vena cava was obstructed(B).,M
4、RI提示相同的损害,Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)demonstrating a solitary mass attached in superior vena cava atrial junction.,病例分析,患者是什么样的感染?其并发症是什么?如何产生的?应立即开始最初的干预是什么?什么因素将影响你对抗生素的选择和疗程?,主要内容,前言导管相关性感染的流行病学和病原学发病机制及危险因素导管相关感染的定义和诊断导管相关感染的治疗导管相关感染的预防,前言,血流感染(Bloodstream infection,BSI)发病率正在逐年上升,已成为前10位的死亡原
5、因,而导管相关性BSI占其中的2447%。留置血管内导管又是必需的医疗操作,尤其在ICU。但置管存在发生感染的危险,造成严重血流感染和化脓性血栓性静脉炎、心内膜炎和其他血行性播散性感染等并发症就直接影响预后。关键的问题是耐药菌成为优势菌群,念珠菌属中非白念在增加。住院天数、ICU停留时间和医疗费用明显增加。认识和有效的干预是减少此类感染的重要步骤。,前言,美国的医疗机构每年购买1亿5千万个血管内装置在各类ICU中大约每年共有1500万个CVC日,NNIS报道ICU每1000个CVC日CRBSI的发生率5.3%。ICU每年发生大约8万次导管相关性血流感染,是院内获得性感染的主要原因,其死亡率增加
6、35%。总体在美国每年有25万例导管相关性血流感染,每一次感染有1225%的死亡率发生。治疗每次感染病人需要花费3450856000美元,每年的费用在2.9623亿美元。,Maki DG,Mermel LA.Bennett JV,Brachman PS,eds.Infections due to infusion therapy.In:Hospital infections.Philidelphia,PA:Lippincott-Raven,1998:689724.Mermel LA.Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections.
7、Ann Intern Med 2000;132:391402.,血管内导管装置的类型,主要内容,前言导管相关性感染的流行病学和病原学发病机制及危险因素导管相关感染的定义和诊断导管相关感染的治疗导管相关感染的预防,Bloodstream InfectionsEvolution and trends in the Microbiology Workload,Incidence,and Etiology,19852006,HA-BSI的感染来源,Hilmar Wisplinghoff,et al.Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals:an
8、alysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study.Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;39:30917.,National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance(NNIS)System report,data summary from January 1990-May 1999,Issued June 1999.,CRBSI的发生率2.911.3%,平均5.3%。,Hilmar Wisplinghoff,et al.Nosocomial
9、bloodstream infections in US hospitals:analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study.Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;39:30917.,HA-BSI在相关科室的发病率,血流感染分离出最常见的病原菌,G+球菌51%,G+球菌63%、MRSA50%,VRE25.9%,非白念48%,白念耐氟康唑10%,OGrady NP,Alexander M,Dellinger EP,et al.Guidelines for the pr
10、evention of intravascular catheter-related infections.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.MMWRRecomm Rep 2002;51:129.,HA-BSI主要的病原学分布,19952002年7年间49医院,Hilmar Wisplinghoff,et al.Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals:analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance
11、 study.Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;39:30917.,Hilmar Wisplinghoff,et al.Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals:analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study.Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;39:30917.,HA-BSI主要的病原学分布,病原学分布,bloodstream infection in the surgi
12、cal intensive care unit.Arch Surg,2001,136:229-234.Justin B,Dinick,Robert K.Pelz,Rafael Consunji,et al.Increased resource use associated with cather-related,Risk Factors of Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections in Parenteral Nutrition Catheterization,Gurdal Yilmaz,Iftihar Koksal,Kemalettin Aydin,R
13、ahmet Cayian,Nurgun Sucn and Firdevs Aksoy,JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr.2007;31:284,病原学分布,CRBSI分离出最常见的病原菌,盛慧球,陈尔真,韩立中,等.3189例次深静脉导管的病原学检测结果分析.中国急救医学.2006;26(10):652-655,CRBSI分离出最常见的病原菌,盛慧球,陈尔真,韩立中,等.3189例次深静脉导管的病原学检测结果分析.中国急救医学.2006;26(10):652-655,Evolution of the episodes of candidemia caused by di
14、fferent Candida species,Marta,Luis,Patricia,et al.Bloodstream infections evolution and trends in the microbiology workload,incidence,and etiology,1985-2006.Medicine,2008;87(4):234-249.,Hilmar Wisplinghoff,et al.Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals:analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospec
15、tive nationwide surveillance study.Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;39:30917.,BSI在ICU和 Non-ICU不同病原菌的死亡率,Hilmar Wisplinghoff,et al.Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals:analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study.Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;39:30917.,H
16、ilmar Wisplinghoff,et al.Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals:analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study.Clinical Infectious Diseases 2004;39:30917.,BSI念珠菌的比例和死亡率,主要内容,前言导管相关性感染的流行病学和病原学发病机制及危险因素导管相关感染的定义和诊断导管相关感染的治疗导管相关感染的预防,微生物定植途径涉及到静脉导管有关的感染。穿刺导管外表面(A)
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- 重症 医学 资质 培训 导管 相关性 感染
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