贸实务期末复习ppt.ppt
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1、International SettlementFinal Revision,College Of International Business Shenyang Normal University,By SR,Date:June 2011,范围,包括教材第16章内容,包括国际保理与福费廷的含义,主要以信用证为重点,平时:50%1.Class Participation/Presentation:10%2.Mid-semester exam:20%3.Homework:20%期末:Final Examination 50%切记要理解知识而非记背答案!,Chapter One,国际结算导论,1.
2、11国际结算的含义国际结算(International settlement)是指国际间由于政治、经济、文化、外交、军事等方面的交往或联系而发生的以货币表示的债权债务的清偿行为或资金转移行为。,美洲,欧洲,非洲,亚洲,大洋洲,1.12 Types of IS,International settlements originate from transactions in the world trade.And it can be divided into the following two types:,The establishment of a correspondent banking
3、relationship,1.Test keys,2.Authorized/Specimen signatures,3.Schedule of terms and conditions,3.Control Documents,Correspondents,3、双方银行确认控制文件。为了使代理业务真实、准确、快捷、保密,代理行之间要相互发送控制文件(Control Documents),并在确定无误后,遵照执行。此类控制文件有:,Correspondents,密押(Test Key)。它是银行之间事先约定的,在发送电报时,由发电行在电文中加注密码,以证实电报的真实性。印鉴(签字)样本(Speci
4、men Signature or Booklet of Authorized Signatures)。印鉴是银行有权签字人的签字式样。银行之间的信函、凭证、票据等,经有权签字人签字后,寄至收件银行,由收件银行将单证上的签名与所留印鉴核对,核对相符即证明此函件的真实性。,Correspondents,费率表(Schedule of Terms and Conditions)。是银行在办理代理业务时收费的标准。费率表应定得适当、合理,过高会削弱竞争力,过低则影响经济效益。,Chapter 2 Negotiable Instruments of International Settlements,S
5、ection 1 Overview of Negotiable InstrumentsSection 2 Bill of ExchangeSection 3 Promissory Notes and Checks Section 4 Acts of Negotiable Instruments,What is negotiable instruments?,Board meaning of Document,CommercialDocument,FinancialDocument,Narrow meaning of Document,represents the title of goods,
6、Refer to negotiable instrument made for the purpose of making or collecting payments,Bill of ExchangePromissory NoteCheck,Document of Title,evidence that gives rise to a legal right of possession or control of commodities or money.,Characteristics,设权性(right to be paid)要式性(requisite in form)无因性(non-c
7、ausative nature)流通性(negotiability)可追索性(Recoursement),Example:汇票绝对必要记载项目Absolutely necessary items:,1)“汇票”字样;2)无条件支付命令;3)一定金额;4)付款人/受票人;5)收款人/抬头人;6)出票日期;7)出票人签字,要式性(requisite in form),Bill of Exchange Definition:,英国1882年票据法:A bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing addressed by one pers
8、on to another,signed by the person giving it,requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person,or to bearer.,(1)(3)(6)ACCEPTED Exchange for GBP 600.00 Shanghai,5th,April,2002 12/04,2
9、002(2)(5)Payable at At 60 days after sight pay to B CO.Or orderMidland Bank.(3)London the sum of six hundred pounds For(4)Bank of Europe,To Bank of Europe,London(7)signature London For A Company,Shanghai(7)signature,汇 票,汇票格式及必要项目,NO.(汇票号码)Exchange for(小写金额)Export-City,Export Country,(出票地点、出票日期)At(汇票
10、期限)sight of this FIRST of Exchange(Second of exchange being unpaid)Pay to the order of(收款人)the sum of(大写金额)Drawn under(开证行名称)L/C No(信用证号码)dated(信用证开证日期)value received(数量、包装、品名)To(受票人)(出票人名称与签字),(1)按日计算应遵循的准则:算尾不算头。即起算日不包括在内,而最后一天则是付款到期日。,注意!关于汇票付款到期日计算,例:出票后30天付款的汇票于3月31日出票,则起算日即出票日不计入,应从4月1日计算,到期日为
11、4月30日。,同理,见票后定期汇票中的见票日、特定事件后定期汇票的事件发生日不应计入。,(2)节假日顺延。通过上述计算确定之到期日,若恰逢节假日等银行正常的非营业日,则顺延至其后的第一个营业日。,(4)先算整月,后算半月,半月以15天计。,(3)月为日历月。以月计算的不考虑每月的具体天数,一律以相应月份中的同一日期为到期日,若无同一日期,则为该月最后一天。,例:l月31日承兑的见票后一个月付款,应于2月28日(若闰年则为29日)到期。,例:8月31日交单的汇票规定交单后一个半月付款,则先算整月至9月30日,再算半月15天于10月15日到期。,Acts on an instrument,1)Is
12、sue(出票)2)Endorsement(背书)3)Presentation(提示)4)Acceptance(承兑)5)Payment(付款)6)Dishonor(拒付或退票)7)Recourse(追索)8)Notice of Dishonor(拒付通知)9)Protest(拒绝证书)10)Acceptance for Sbs Honor(参加承兑)11)Payment for Sbs Honor and Payor for Bbs Honor(参加付款和参加付款人)12)Guarantee(保证),Methods of payment(1),Chapter 3 Remittance,Coll
13、ege Of International Business Shenyang Normal University,1.1 Modes of payments:1.by remittance:i)by T/T ii)by M/T iii)by D/D2.by collection:i)by D/P at sight ii)by D/P after sight iii)by D/A3.by L/C4.others:factoring,Forfeiting,L/G,etc.哪些属于商业信用?银行信用?,1.3 Definition of Remittance,A bank,at the reques
14、t of its customer,transfers funds to its overseas branch or correspondent bank,instructing them to pay to a named person or company.,汇款人(进口商),收款人(出口商),汇出行(进口方银行),汇入行(出口方银行),Parties in the international bank remittance,Remitter=payer=buyer=importer,Remitting bank=remitters bank in buying country,Bene
15、ficiary=seller=exporter=payee,Paying bank=beneficiarys bank in exporting country,Relationships?,2.1 Types of Remittance,Based on the means of transferring funds,a remittance usually falls into one of the three types:1.Telegraphic Transfer,T/T(电汇)-(T/T,SWIFT,etc.),fast and expensive2.Mail Transfer,M/
16、T(信汇)-slow and cheap 3.Remittance by Bankers Demand Draft,D/D(票汇)-slow and easy to be negotiated,Remittance by telegraphic transfer(T/T),Remittance by cable/telex/SWIFT is called telegraphic transfer(T/T).The remitting bank,at the request of the remitter,transfers funds by means of cable/telex/SWIFT
17、 message to the paying bank,asking the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the beneficiary.,电汇、信汇、票汇的比较,Chapter 4Collection,Methods of payment(2),What is a collection?,Means an arrangement thereby the seller draws a draft on the buyer and authorizes its bank to collect the money by the buyer.出口商
18、于货物装运后,开具以进口商为付款人的汇票,连同有关单据委托当地银行向进口商收取货款的方式。,Documents,Financial documentsBills of exchanges,promissory notes,cheques,or other similar instruments used for obtaining the payment of moneyCommercial documentsInvoices,transport documents,or any other documents whatever,not being financial documents,Ty
19、pes of collection,Clean CollectionDocumentary Collection1.Documents against Payment,D/P(1)D/P at sight(2)D/P after sight2.Documents against Acceptance,D/A,To exporter,the risk is as following:D/AD/P after sight D/P at sight,2.2 Documentary collection 跟单托收,Refers to the process by which the exporter
20、submits draft accompanied by shipping documents to his bank for collecting proceeds from the importer跟单托收是指附有商业单据的托收。卖方开具托收汇票,连同商业单据(主要指货物装运单据)一起委托给托收行。Caution:跟单托收也包括不使用汇票的情况。实质要件:代表货权的运输单据。,Basic forms of documentary collections,Trust receipt 信托收据,Documents against Payment by trust receipt(付款交单凭信托
21、收据借贷)(D/P by T/R)银行对进口商的融通允许进口商在付款前开立信托收据(T/R)交给代收行,凭以借出货运单据先行提货,以便出售,待售得货款后偿还代收行,换回信托收据。是D/P的变通。,付款交单,即期(D/P at sight),远期(D/P after XX DAYS sight),信托收据(Trust Receipt,T/R)?,进口商开立保函,凭以借出运输单据,以便提货出售,取得货款再偿还代收银行,换回信托收据。由出口商指示,后果由其负责;变成D/PT/R(付款交单凭信托收据借单)即出口人授权银行,凭T/R借单给进口人。若代收行主动,后果由其负责,Case1:T/R,我国某轻工
22、进出口A公司与新西兰某B公司达成一项出口矿产品的合同,付款条件为D/P 60天付款。当汇票及所附单据通过托收行抵进口地代收行后,B公司及时在汇票上履行了承兑手续。货抵新西兰某目的港后,由于用货心切,B公司出具信托收据向代收行借得单据,先行提货转售。汇票到期时,B公司由于经营不善,丧失偿付能力。代收行以汇票付款人拒付为由通知托收行,并建议由我A公司直接向B公司索取货款。对此,你认为A公司应如何处理?为什么?,案例评析,本案例是有关在托收项下银行对进口商的资金融通问题。在案件中,代收行允许进口商在付款前开立信托收据,凭以借出货运单据先行提货以便出售。这完全是代收行给予进口商的资金融通,一切后果应有
23、代收行负责,与出口商没有任何关系。,从跟单托收看,付款交单风险较小。因为付款交单条件下,只要进口商未付款,物权凭证仍掌握在代收行手中,仍属于出口商所有。但是,这并不等于没有风险损失。如果进口商不来付款赎单,则出口商仍要负担以下诸多损失:出口商的卖方贷款利息(如果有);双程运输费用(如果将货物运回本国处理);在进口国港口存仓、保险、支付代理人的费用(如果货物寻求当地处理)以及货物临时处理而带来的价格损失、银行费用等等。,托收中存在的风险,3.2 托收风险的防范,1、了解进口国有关政策规定。这些政策与托收业务关系交密切的主要是进口国家的银行(代收行)是否做远期付款交单业务以及如何处理这类业务的;进
24、口国海关方面在进口手续、港口管理等方面的有关规定;进口国外汇管制方面的有关规定。2、对进口商的调查,包括进口商的资信情况、经营规模等等。,D/P案例,【案情】我某公司向日本商人以D/P即期付款方式推销某商品,对方答复,如我方接受D/P after 90 days付款,并通过他指定的A银行代收则可接受。,【问题】,日本商人为什么提出此要求?,【分析】,日本商人提出将D/P即期改为90天远期,很显然旨在推迟付款时间,以利于其资金周转。同时日商指定A银行为该批托收业务的代收行,则是为了方便向该行借单,以便早日获得经济利益,进而达到利用我方资金的目的。,Case,我公司分别出口三批货物,三个合同各规定
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