语法篇专题特殊句式强调倒装省略thereb.ppt

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1、专题十三 特殊句式（强调、倒装、省略、there be）,一、强调句定义：强调句是一种修辞方式，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。强调方式主要有以下几种结构：,【考点一】考查not.until 结构的强调句，其结构为：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。【即学即练】单项填空It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.A.was until;whenB.was until;thatC.wasnt until;whenD.was

2、nt until;that答案：D【考点二】考查复合句中的强调句型【即学即练】单项填空Was it _ he was seriously ill that he didnt come to school yesterday?,although B.that C.because D.since_ he came back home that we knew what had happened.A.When it was B.It was whenC.Was it when D.When was it答案：C B【考点三】考查强调句的特殊疑问句其结构是：疑问词+is/was+it+that+其他部

3、分，但这类句型如出现在宾语从句中，其结构为：疑问词+it+is/was+that+其他部分。Where was it that you met the Frenchman?【即学即练】单项填空_ electricity plays an important part in our daily life?A.Why was it that B.Why is it thatC.Why is it D.Why it is that答案：B,【难点一】正确判断强调句型用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。It was the school gate _ I met an old friend o

4、f mine after class.Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?解析：强调句型的强调部分必须是对 that/who 之后句子的某一成分表示强调，如果把“It is(was).that”去掉，该句意思完整。题如果去掉It was与横线部分，则成分不完整，the school gate 前应该加上at才能作状语，才能构成强调句型，所以题为定语从句应填where；题若去掉Was it与横线部分，句子完整，故应填that，为强调句型。【难点二】强调句型与It is/was+时间+when/before从句；It be+时间+since从

5、句；It be long.before.等句型的区别。用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确It was at midnight _ I got back home yesterday.It was midnight _ I got back home yesterday.,It is two years _ I began to learn English.It may be many years_ the situation improves.解析：通过分析题干可知，题是强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，空白处应填that；题以名词的方式来表示时间，其后从句是when引导的定语从句；题表示

6、“自从以来已有多久”，用since来引导；题用的是“It was+时间段+before从句”表示“过了多长时间才”。二、倒装句定义：为了强调、突出等目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。倒装句分为三种：完全倒装：指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。部分倒装：指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。形式倒装：在语法上又被称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提置句首，主谓并不倒装。具体用法见下表：,【考点一】部分倒装部分倒装主要有以下几种情况

7、：(1)句首状语为否定词（组）或半否定词（组）的句子。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,not only,in no way,at no time,few,not,no等。Little does he care about what I said.(2)only+状语放在句首，要部分倒装。注意，only修饰主语不倒装。Only by this means is it possible to explain it.(3)so/such.that结构中的so或such位于句首。So l

8、oudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.(4)“neither/nor助动词系动词情态动词主语”表示“某人或某事亦非如此”；“so助动词系动词情态动词主语”表示“某人或某事亦是如此”。,注意：当陈述部分既有肯定又有否定或者谓语动词既有实义动词又有助动词时，可用下面两个句型：It is the same with.或So it is with.。Jack is a student and he studies hard.It is the same with Tom.“so主语助动词系动词情态动词”表

9、示“某人或某事确实如此”。I reminded you not to forget the appointment.So you did.(5)if引导的虚拟条件句含有were,had，should时,可省略if,再把were,should或had移到从句句首。Had you come earlier,you would have met him.(6)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。May you succeed!【考点二】完全倒装全部倒装即完全倒装有以下几种情况：(1)There be结构。另外，在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有：exist,seem,happen,appear,live,

10、rise,stand等。There exist different opinions on this question.,(2)“Here/There/Now/Then+come(或be等)+主语”结构。本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而There be句型中there本身没意义。Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.此句型中的主语必须是名词。如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。There she comes.(3)表示方向的副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。但

11、主语是代词时用部分倒装。In came Mr White.Away went the boy.Out she went.(4)表示地点的介词短语(如:on the wall,under the tree,in front of the house等)放在句首时，要全部倒装。On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.They arrived at a house,in front of which sat an old man.(5)用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,(6)其他形式

12、的完全倒装。Present at the meeting was Mr.Green,a headmaster.（形容词短语）East of the city lies a new railway.(副词短语)First to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building.(不定式短语)Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.(过去分词)Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15.(现在分词短语)三、省略句省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法的分析，

13、句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句，这种语法现象称为“省略”。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。省略用法见下表：,【考点一】考查状语从句的省略在以when,while,if,as if,though(although),as,whether,once,whenever等连词引导的状语从句中，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be动词时，常省略从句的主语和be，引导词后直接跟不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语等。Look o

14、ut for cars when(you are)crossing the street.While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.Unless(it is)necessary,youd better not refer to the dictionary.【考点二】不定式符号to的省略感官实义动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词 have,make,let等后接不定式作宾补时,省略不定

15、式to；do nothing but,cant(help/choose)but等结构常接省略to的不定式；在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只保留 不定式符号 to。,I watched him disappear in the distance.Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong.【考点三】替代词so/not的省略用于避免重复前面说过的内容，替代词so/not代替肯定或否定的内容。可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,spea

16、k,suppose,think,Im afraid,if等连用。否定时hope与guess 只用I hope not 和I guess not 形式，而think,believe,suppose等其他词可有两种否定形式，即：I think not 或I dont think so。Will you be able to finish your report today?I hope so.The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?I guess not.【考点四】日常交际中的省略在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部

17、分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。,【即学即练】单项填空Can I speak to Mr.Wang,please?_A.Who are you?B.Im Wang.C.Speaking.D.Are you John?How about seeing the new movie at the theatre tonight?_,but Ive got to go over my notes for tomorrows exam.A.All right B.Sounds great C.I cant D.No,I am terribly sorry答案

18、：C B,不定式的省略问题用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I didnt want_.Are you a sailor?No,but I used_.解析：在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在动词(如：want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate，have,ought,be going)，某些形容词(如：glad,happy,pleased,delighted等)后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词，否定形式的省略则用not to，但当不定式后有be,h

19、ave,have been时，要保留be,have和have been。因此，第题填to；而题填to be。四、反义疑问句反义疑问句即附加疑问句，是对陈述句所表示的事实或观点提出疑问的句子。附加疑问实际上是一种简略的一般疑问句。反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。,组成反意疑问句的两部分：前肯后否，前否后肯。常见考点见下表：,五、There be 句型There be 结构主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)”,其基本句型为“There be+某物或某人+某地或某时”,其中there 是引导词，没有词义；be是谓语动词；“某

20、人或某物”是句子的主语;“某地或某时”作句子的状语,多为介词短语。,基本用法如下表：,【考点一】There be句型的主谓一致当There be 后面的名词是两个或两个以上时，There be 结构中的be动词要遵循“就近一致”原则，即和紧随其后的名词在人称和数上保持一致。There is a pen and two books on the desk.【考点二】There be句型的反意疑问句在There be的句型的反意疑问句中，反问部分的结构为be(not)there。There are some trees in your school,arent there?,there be句型的

21、非谓语形式用be动词适当形式填空There_ no bus,we had to walk home.,No one would have dreamt of there_ such a fine place.I dont want there_ any misunderstanding.There_ a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.解析：There be 句型有不定式、动词-ing形式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。注意它们在句子中的成分及与句子中其他成分的搭配关系。题中的答案应该是being，“There being+名

22、词”构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语；题的答案应该是being，there being在句子中作介词of的宾语（there be结构若出现在介词for的后面则要用动词不定式）；题答案to be，there to be可以作动词want,expect,prefer 的宾语；题答案为being，There being a bus stop用作主语。六、祈使句用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时。祈使句类型如下：,祈使句+and+陈述句=If.,+主句；祈使句+o

23、r+陈述句=If.not.,+主句注意：上述句型用and表示顺承结果，用or表示转折结果，且主句通常用一般将来时。【即学即练】单项填空Work hard,_ you will pass the exam.A.but B.or C.and D.thus答案：C,1.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.（2010安徽）A.where B.that C.when D.which解析：选B。考查强调句型。本题难点，在于强调部分

24、中含有一个定语从句“that she had bought in the village”。2.Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today.(2010湖南)A.why B.when C.which D.that解析：选D。考查强调句型。句意为：约翰的成功绝非偶然，正是多年的努力使得他成就了今天的成绩（成为他现在的样子）。强调主语“years of hard work”，其正常语序应为：Years of hard work has m

25、ade him what he is today.3.If you have a job，_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.(2010四川)A.do devote B.dont devoteC.devoting D.not devoting,解析：选A。考查谓语动词的强调及“祈使句+and+将来时”的固定搭配。句意为：如果你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。此处应是祈使句，强调谓语动词要借助助动词do，故选A。4.John opened the door.There _ he had never seen before.(2010

26、陕西)A.a girl did stand B.a girl stoodC.did a girl stand D.stood a girl解析：选D。考查特殊句式。Here,There,Thus,Then等副词位于句首，且当句子的主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。5.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,can improve our health.(2010浙江)A.being carried out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 解析：选C

27、。考查if条件句中的省略情况。句意为：这项实验表明，适当的运动，如果有规律的进行，能够有助于我们的身体健康。句子的主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句，if regularly是插入的条件从句，从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise，条件句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且含有is，故省略了主语及is，完整形式是：if it is carried out。,6.Is everyone here?Not yet.Look,there _ the rest of our guests!（2010江苏）A.comeB.comes C.is

28、 coming D.are coming解析：选A。考查主谓一致及倒装。there放在句首时，句子谓语用完全倒装结构，由guests可知，the rest指代复数内容，故选A。7.Not until he left his home_ to know how important the family was for him.(2010江西)A.did he begin B.had he begunC.he began D.he had begun解析：选A。考查倒装。not until放在句首要用部分倒装，begin to know发生在leave之后或同时发生。8.We laugh at j

29、okes,but seldom _ about how they work.(2010四川)A.we think B.think weC.we do think D.do we think解析：选D。考查倒装。句意为:我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话怎样让我们笑。seldom为否定副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D。9.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River,_ one of the ten largest cities in China.(2010重庆),A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqin

30、g liesC.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie解析：选A。考查倒装。表示方位的地点状语提前且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。10.Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全国)A.surprising B.was surprised C.surprised D.being surprised解析：选C。考查省略结构和非谓语动词。补充完整为：Though he was surprised，故选C。11.Does Jenny always keep her promise

31、?Seldom,_.(2010山东5月高考模拟)A.if any B.whenever possible C.if everD.when necessary解析：选C。考查省略条件句，if ever 表示曾经有过。12.Seldom _ computer games ever since he entered college.(2010潍坊市高三教学质量抽样检测)A.did he play B.has he played C.he played D.he has played解析：选B。考查倒装结构。由时间状语since he entered college可以看出，应用完成时，seldom置

32、于句首，应该用部分倒装。,13.Only in recent years _ realized that ability training is more important than profession training.(2010临沂市5月高三模拟考试)A.people have B.people hadC.were people D.have people解析：选D。考查倒装。only in recent years 放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。14.We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no c

33、ase _ from practice.(2010烟台市质量调研)A.should theory separateB.theory should be separatedC.theory should separate D.should theory be separated解析：选D。考查倒装句和被动语态。根据后面的in no case可知用部分倒装，理论与实践应该是被分开的，应该用被动语态。15.I suddenly found my watch didnt work any more and only then _ I was late for school.(2010淄博市高三模拟考试

34、)A.had I realized B.I had realized C.did I realize D.realized I,解析：选C。考查倒装。only then 置于句首，要用部分倒装，then意为“那时”，所以要用一般过去时。16.Where did you pick up the package?It was on the beach _ we were taking a walk.(2010山东省实验中学第二次诊断性测试)A.where B.that C.when D.which 解析：选A。考查定语从句和强调句型。句意为：你在哪里拾到的这个包裹？是在我们散步的沙滩上（拾到的）。

35、答语是对拾到包裹的地点在沙滩上进行强调（句子主干部分that I picked up the package 被省略），“沙滩”又受定语从句的限制，所以选用关系副词where。17.Dont forget the appointment with the principal at the registry office,_ you?(2010上海市13校高三联考)A.dont B.will C.do D.shall解析：选B。考查反意疑问句。本句为省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分应该用will you。18._ made Daisy wild with joy?,Her success

36、in the A-level exam this year.(2010福建普通高中毕业班质量检测)A.How was it that B.When was it thatC.Why was it thatD.What was it that解析：选D。问句是强调句型，被强调部分作原句的主语，由句意可知，用疑问词what。19._,the gathering crowd burst into applauses.（2010江西省高安二中高三第四次月考）A.On entering the hall B.When the hero entered the hallC.The hero entered the hall D.No sooner had the hero entered解析：选B。考查状语从句的省略。主从句的逻辑主语不一致，所以从句不可以省略主语和助动词，而只能用连接词来引导。20.It _ last night _ Tom saw an interesting film in Dongfeng Cinema.（2010浙江省长兴三中高三第一次月考）A.is;that B.was;that C.was;whichD.was;who解析：选B。考查强调句型的基本形式。被强调的部分为时间状语。,