药学英语01Introduction.ppt

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1、Introduction toPharmaceutical English药学专业英语绪论,主讲教师：刘敏药学院 生物技术药物教研室（11#A519）,专业学习,毕 业,工 作,学习药学英语的重要性,教学目的,1.掌握一定的药学专业词汇,2.培养专业英语的阅读能力,3.培养专业英语的写作能力,教学安排 1.学时分配：32学时 2.教学进度：第1周：专业英语绪论 第1-8周：专业英语各论学习 第8周：综合复习、考试 3.考试 平时成绩（40%）+闭卷考试（60%）,参考书籍及相关网站,1.药学英语 章国斌编著，复旦大学出版社，2007.2.药学英语 李有贵编著，高等教育出版社，2009.3.药学

2、英语 胡廷熹编著，人卫出版社，2008.4.药学英语课程网站：温州医学院主页/数字资源/教学平台/药学英语,5./,专业英语的特点,1.文体特点,2.词汇特点,3.语法特点,特点：严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，常用前置性陈述句或者被动语态。,一、药学专业英语的文体特点,举例,People use gas chromatography,krmtgrfi in many different fields.被动语态清晰、准确、精练、严密,Gas chromatography is used in many different fields.,专业英语的特点,1.文体特点

3、,2.词汇特点,3.语法特点,二、专业英语的词汇特点,1.医药科技英语词汇主要来自于英语、希腊语、拉 丁语及现代英语等。来自英语：code of conduct board of directors 直接从希腊语和拉丁语中吸收:thesis(希腊语）formula(拉丁语）利用希腊语和拉丁语的词素（前缀或后缀）构成：hyper-(hypertension)-logy(Pharmacology),2.专业英语词汇的词义单一，具有准确性和 严密性的特点。,Objective：Extract total dissociated anthraquinones from rhubarbs and the

4、n separate every single component from the total dissociated anthraquinones,optimize the rhubarbs extraction process.anthraquinones,nrkwinun 蒽醌,rhubarbs ru:b:bs 大黄目的:从药材大黄中提取游离蒽醌类化合物并分离其各个组分,优化大黄游离蒽醌化合物的提取工艺。,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有 名词功用的动名词(2)广泛采用名词连用形式(3)复合词(4)缩略词,3.专业英语词汇具体特点：,the standardization

5、 of the productabsorption rate constantlimited date of using a drug after its productiontherapeutic drug monitoringrandom screening in drug discoverymethod of grouping,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，动名词,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有 名词功用的动名词(2)广泛采用名词连用形式(3)复合词(4)缩略词,3.专业英语词汇具体特点：,safety range target cell surface ten

6、sion surface activitymolecular pharmacologymolecular biology side effect,(2)广泛采用名词连用形式,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有 名词功用的动名词(2)广泛采用名词连用形式(3)复合词(4)缩略词,3.专业英语词汇具体特点：,bond-covalent bond-ionicanti-infectives double-blindhabit-forming joint-venture,(3)复合词,mother-to-be ion-selective electrode ion-exchange bloo

7、d-brain barrier,(1)广泛使用表示动作或状态的抽象名词，以及有 名词功用的动名词(2)广泛采用名词连用形式(3)复合词(4)缩略词,3.专业英语词汇具体特点：,OTC(over the counter)FDA(Food and drug Administration)GMP(good manufacturing practice)GSP(Good Supply Practice)GCP(Good Clinical Practice)GLP(Good Laboratory Practice)QSAR(quantitative structure-activity relation

8、ship)TDM(therapeutic drug monitoring),(4)缩略词,专业英语的特点,1.文体特点,2.词汇特点,3.语法特点,1、大量使用名词化结构2、广泛使用被动语句 3、非限定动词4、后置定语5、长句6、常用句型,三、专业英语的句法特点,（1a）If you expose the item for long,it will rapidly deteriorate.（1b）Prolonged exposure will result in rapid deterioration of item.,一、大量使用名词化结构,(1a)You must pay attentio

9、n to the temperature of the reaction.(1b)Attention must be paid to the temperature of the reaction.,二、广泛使用被动语句,Antioxidants,found in some vitamins and minerals,can snuff out oxygen free radicals,substances that are thought to make cells more susceptible to cancer.,三、非限定动词（非谓语动词）,These studies often

10、begin with a dose-ranging study,using 1/50 to 1/100 the effective dose in animals and increasing until the desired effect,or adverse effects,are seen.,To encourage clinical research in supporting the drug development program and to improve on the quality of clinical trials,the government has establi

11、shed five national GCP clinical research centers which are affiliated with the top medical universities in the country.,No uniform scheme for Phase 4 supervision has yet been established,but few doubt the necessity of collecting this information on low-frequency adverse effects.,四、后置定语,One of the mo

12、st studied antioxidants in vegetables and fruits（which were）thought to protect against cancer is beta-carotene,concentrated in deep green,yellow and orange vegetables such as carrots,sweet potatoes and spinach.,Although stereochemistry does play a major role in drugs biologic action,factors such as

13、the lipid,water distribution function,the PK value,or perhaps the rate of hydrolysis or metabolism may differ between isomeric pairs and account for the observed differences in pharmacologic activity.,五、长句,1)强调句 It is when the body temperature is rising rapidly that affected person may feel chilly.,

14、六、常用句型,It was the first time people recognized that a definite sickness could result when something was missing from the diet.,2）被动句 The disease is caused by a virus.The blood flow may be increased by more rapid and vigorous heart action.It has been suggested that early treatment of streptococcal in

15、fections with penicillin may prevent nephritis.,3)It 作形式主语 It is estimated that more than 90 antigenically different strains of known types of respiratory virusescause the common cold syndrome.It is usually possible to carry out reactions on the lead compound itself in order to make a series of anal

16、ogs.,专业英语的翻译原则及步骤,信-忠实,达-流畅,准-准确,理解阶段,表达阶段,校正阶段,基本词根,表达数量含义的基本词素,1.haplo,mono,uni：单，一，独 haploid 单倍体 monoxide一氧化碳 monoatomic 单原子的2.bi,di,dipl,twi,du：二，双，两，偶 bicolor 双色 dichromatic 双色的 diplobacillus 双杆菌 dikaryon 双核体 3.tri：三，丙 triangle 三角，trinitroglycerol 三硝基甘油 tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环,常用前缀、后缀,5.

17、anti-：反，抗，阻，排斥 antidote 解毒药 antibody 抗体6.aqu-：水 aqueous 水的 aquarium 水族馆7.ate：具有，具有形状的，盐，酯 nucleate 具核的 chlorate 氯酸盐 acetate 乙酸酯8.auto-：自动 automatic 自动化的 autobiography 自传,9.bio-：生命，生物 biology 生物学 antibiotic 抗生素 10.contra-,counter-,contro-:反对，逆，抗 contra-rotating 反向旋转 counteract 中和11.de-：除去，离去，非 dehydr

18、ate 脱水 deforest 砍伐森林12.hemi-：半 hemiacetal 半缩醛 hemiterpene 半萜,16.hyper-：超过，在上，过多 hypertension 高血压17.hypo-：在下，次，低 hypotension 低血压 hypochlorite 次氯酸盐 18.inter-：中间，相互 intermolecule 分子间的 international 国际的19.intra-：内，在内，内部 intramolecule 分子内的,20.stereo-：立体 stereochemistry 立体化学 stereoisomer 立体异构体 21.poly-：多，重，聚 polymer 聚合物 polymorphous 多晶型的22.trans-：反式，转换，越过 transferase 转移酶 transmit 传送 23.ultra-：超，过，越 ultraviolet 紫外线的 ultrasonic 超声速的,Review,了解学习专业英语的重要性课程教学安排、考试形式、参考资料介绍专业英语特点（文体特点、词汇特点、语法特点）专业英语的翻译原则及步骤掌握基本词根,Unit One Part 2 Text A:Lead Compound,