英语语法-句子成分和句子类型.ppt

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1、句子成分和句子的基本类型,Grammar,句子成分,主 谓 宾 主语谓语宾语定语,状语 补语同位语,主语 谓语 宾语,观察下面一个例句，你能找到句中的“主语”、“谓语”、“宾语”吗?因此这是个典型的“主谓宾”句型。,I,beat,you.,主语,谓语,宾语,SVO,主语(Subject),主语是动作的主体部分在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者I teach you English.在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者You are beaten.主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。Twelve divided by four is three.（数词）主语还可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。What I want

2、 to do is join the party.Smoking is harmful to your health.To learn English is difficult.,谓语(Predicate),谓语 表示一个动作、行为，是由动词充当的。I teach you English.一个句子能不能没有谓语?,谓语,不能,宾语(Object):,宾语的分类：动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。I love you.介词宾语：介词所涉及的对象。I want to give this book to you.宾语一般由名词、代词充当。宾语也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。He told me that he

3、 felt lonely.He likes swimming.,介词补语,动宾,介宾,定语(Attributive):,定语的作用用于修饰、限定名词或代词。定语一般由？充当。a beautiful girl定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。a pencil box,定语,形容词,定语(Attributive):,定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。Those who want to learn English well should study harder than others.an interesting booka meeting to attend定语也可以由副词（词组）或介词（词组）充当

4、。The man over thereThe books on the shelf,状语(Adverbial),状语是用于修饰副词、形容词或动词的成分。状语一般由副词充当。Those problems are pretty hard.形容词也可以充当状语。Happy to see him,she forgot everything.,状语(Adverbial),介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以充当状语。They managed to finish the job before Monday.（介词词组）The old man sat on the bench,enjoying the sun-

5、set.（现在分词词组）As he was leaving the office,it started to rain.（时间状语从句）,补语(Complement),补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。补语一般由名词或形容词充当。I am a teacher.(S C)Dont leave me alone.(O C),主语补语,宾语补足语,PS：位于连系动词后的主语补语又称“表语”。,Notice:这是一句“SVC”句型不是“SVO”,补语(Complement),副词、介词（词组）、非谓语动词或从句都可以在系动词后充当补语(也称表语)。Time is up.(adv.)They a

6、re in the classroom.(prep.)The place is where we first met each other.副词、介词（词组）或非谓语动词也可以充当宾语补足语。She laid the baby on the bed.(prep.)I saw him rushing into the classroom.,同位语(Appositive),同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large nu

7、mber of foreign friends.名词性从句也可以充当同位语（修饰抽象名词为多）The news that he went abroad surprised me.,句子的基本类型,根据不同的谓语动词，我们可以把句子分成五大种七大类。我们用S表示主语，V表示谓语，O表示宾语，C表示补语，A表示状语。,谓语为不及物动词谓语为连系动词谓语为及物动词谓语为能带双宾的及物动词谓语为能带复合宾语的及物动词,基本句型一SV、二SVA,这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动词均为不及物动词。SV句型 They have arrived.SVA句型The famous writer lived in t

8、he 18th century.,比较SV和SVA句型,区别在于状语A是不是不可或缺的：如果没有状语句子仍能被理解，这是SV句型。如果没有状语句子不能被理解，这是SVA句型。,基本句型三SVC,这个句型的特点是谓语动词为连系动词。He is an excellent teacher.,表语还是宾语？,千万记住：表语！,基本句型四、五,这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动词均为及物动词。SVO句型 I love you very much!SVOA句型 I put the bottle on the desk.,SVO 句型与SVOA句型的区别在于A是否必须存在！,不能缺少！,可以省略！,基本句型六,

9、这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可以接复合宾语结构。SVOC句型 I saw him rushing out of the room.,OC可以看作复合宾语！,基本句型七,这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可以接双宾语。SVoO句型 I gave him the book.I gave the book to him.,辨清直接和间接宾语!,能放在介词后的宾语为间接宾语！,判断下列各句句子的基本句型,Mr Black is English.The teacher taught us some grammar rules.The farmer dug up the soil.She found her ring lost.She left her job unfinished.,SVC,SVOo,SVO,SVOC,SVOC,判断下列各句句子的基本句型,The great poet lived in the 18th century.She introduced her friends to us.The tape-recorder is on the desk.The guests have just arrived.She laid the baby on the bed.,SVA,The End,Thank you for your attending!,