英语语法-句子成分分析.ppt

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1、,菜鸟腾飞班!,传说”中的英语十大“门派”十大词类分别叫名词，代词，动词，形容词，副词，数词，连词，介词，冠词，感叹词。,名词,“名”就是名称-人或事物的名称.具体的人或物体的名称:人名-Mike,LiMing;地名America,China动物名-pig,dog;植物名-tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识).代词，何谓“代”？即是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的，或者说代词的实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。动词,动就是动作-人的五官动作:walk(走

2、),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).也有些动词是表示静止的，如：am，is，are。形容词，我们在谈论人或物时，常说：“你描述一下是什么样子。”你就要用上：tall（高的），short矮的），black（黑的），white（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词，它们就是形容词。,副词，说人行走得快慢，讲话清楚，在英语里就要用quickly（快地），slowly（慢地），clearly（清楚地）这些词往往来修饰动词。它们就是副词。副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的 介词-同名词“关系”最好，是“铁”哥们，所以往往你见到介词的地方你就会见到名

3、词,而且还有一个词类往往和他们两个往往在一起，那就是冠词，他们三个形成一个“小集团”。in the room;on the desk.,连词，如果我们想把单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来就要用连词。连词不能单独作句子成分，只能和其他词类一起作句子成分。常见的连词有：and、but、or、both.and、neither.nor、notonly.butalso、when、where、before、after、if等等冠词，英语中只有三个词：aan(不定冠词)the(定冠词)，简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。定冠词也不能单独做主语宾语等

4、等什么啦，只能和其他词类结合作句子成分。,数词，顾名思义，跟数字有关的词就是数词，英语中的数词有两种，基数词和序数词。基数词，比如：onetwo、three、four、five、six、seven等等，序数词，比如：first、second、third、fourth、fifth等等。感叹词，主要是来表示喜怒哀乐等感情的，比如：ohahwell等等，这一词类在十大词类中并不重要，了解即可。,词的修饰规则形容词修饰名词做定语或者用在系动词后做表语副词修饰动词/形容词/副词做状语,句子成分,定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、

5、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种 主语是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物,Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is tr

6、ue.,（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,

7、（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw him playing basketball in the playground.He looked after two babies.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English

8、 well.She doesnt seem to like dancing,Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?,（名词）,(代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,宾

9、语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.,间接宾语,直接宾语,please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.That remains a puzzle.I dont feel at ease.,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句

10、,He is a clever boy.This is a bike factoryThere are 54students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleeping pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置The girl in red

11、is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I

12、 missed the train.,I waited to see you.He often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.,I found the book interesting.I saw him playing football.I find it easy to learn Engl

13、ish well.,（七）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词）例如：He is a teacher.2）持续系动词 keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand 例如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词 seem,appear,look,例如：He looks tired.他

14、看起来很累。,4）感官系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词 prove,turn out,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。,(八)同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,We young people shou

15、ld respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won the game.,名词,代词,数词,从句,第一节破解英语句子之密码“钥匙”五种基本句型主系表主谓主谓宾主谓间宾直宾主谓宾 宾补,Exercises:分析句子结构,1）You are a student.2）He felt happy today.3）What you said made me happy.4）he likes playing football.5）After he finished his homework,he went to school.,6）He likes pop music.7）The story sounds strange.8）The food tastes good.9）He gave me a book yesterday.,