英语简单句的5种基本类型.ppt

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1、简单句的五种基本类型,句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。主要成分：主语和谓语,主语:一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here.名词做主语She goes to school by bike.代词做主语Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语,谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状

2、态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语Mr.Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.,表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to

3、have a robot,常见的系动词1.be动词2.与感觉有关的动词 look,sound,smell,taste,feel 等3.表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得”“变成”如 get,grow,turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。,宾语 是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语.及物动词:直接接宾语的谓语动词.不及物动词:不能直接带宾语的谓语动词.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成.I saw a plane in the sky just now.名词做宾语I want three.数词做宾语I like going shopping.动名词做

4、宾语We think predicting the future is hard.宾语从句,宾语补足语（宾补）有些及物动词除了要有一个宾语之外,还须加上一个补足语。如果没有补足语(宾补),有时候句子的意思就不完整。充当宾补的有:1.形容词作宾语补足语The sun keeps us warm.2.介词短语作宾语补足语:I found her in the room.,3.副词作宾语补足语。Please let him in.4.名词作宾语补足语。We made him monitor of the class.5.动词不定式和分词也能用作宾语补足语。I asked him to come.,定

5、语定语修饰名词或代词(即在汉语里的的)1.形容词作定语(一般放在被修饰语之前,修饰不定代词时放在后面)They have a clever son.I have something important to tell you.,2.名词作定语:Is it a color film?名词作定语一般用单数形式,如:school bus,ticket office,paper flowers但也有例外,如:sports meeting,clothes shopman 和 woman修饰的名词如果是复数,它们总以复数的形式作定语,如:men drivers,women doctors,3.代词作定语:

6、This song is better than that one.4.数词作定语:There are only thirty students in our class.带有数字的复合形容词.当复合形容词用连字号连接时,其中的名词要用单数形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy,5.副词作定语(放在被修饰词之后):Do you know the young man over there?6.介词短语作定语(放在被修饰词之后):The students in our class like swimming.,状语 修饰动词,形容词或副词,有的修饰全句,

7、用以说明地点,时间,方式,程度,原因,目的,结果,条件,让步等1.副词作状语:The old man is walking slowly.表方式 The boy is very clever.表程度2.介词短语作状语:I have lived in Shanghai for five years.表时间,3.不定式作状语I come here to see you.表目的4.现在分词作状语The teacher came in,holding a book in his hand.表方式5.状语从句Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,状语的

8、位置1.在一般情况下,用于句末。We like our school very much.2.为了强调状语,可以把它放在句首.I usually get up at six,but this morning I got up at eight.3.表频度的副词通常用于句中,如always,usually,often,hardly,never,用于行为动词前,be动词、助动词和情态动词后,I usually get up early.He is often late.一些副词,如already,once,just,soon,yet,still,nearly,almost,really,sudde

9、nly,certainly等用法相似sometimes,now可以位于句首,句中或句末only 在句中的位置比较灵活,但位置不同,意义也不同.The actor only sang a song.Only the actor sang a song.The actor sang only one song.,两个或多个状语同时修饰时的顺序1.地点状语在前,时间状语在后.(先时间后地点）We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.2.较小单位的状语在前,(由小到大)Mr.Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd.,Suzhou,Jiangs

10、u.3.一个句子有几个不同种类的副词作状语,其顺序大都是:程度副词,方式副词,地点副词,时间副词She sang very well at the meeting last night,时间和地点状语也可以位于句首,表示强调或使上下文更为连贯Usually I read the newspapers in the morning,but yesterday I read them in the evening.,预备知识,Subject主语?,Predicate谓语?,Object宾语?,Predicative表语?,Full Verb实义行为动词?,Link Verb连系动词?,“简单句”,

11、休要担心少要害怕-简单句（Simple Sentences）就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子-它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫简单句的啊!英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了!-呵呵,就像俺这样:,Practice makes perfect!-熟能生巧,按结构分一个完整的简单句由“主语部分+谓语部分”构成The man is a teacher.主语部分 谓语部分 He works hard.主语部分 谓语部分 He teaches English well.主语部分 谓语部分,造句的关键就在于动词一般而言,每个句

12、子都应该有个动词(除了省略句外),动词,连系动词主要动词 行为动词 助动词辅助动词 情态动词,be(am is are was were)/seem/keep是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become/turn/get/grow 变得,不及物动词 laugh/smlie/look/listen及物动词 see/hear/drank/eat,be(am/is/are/was/were)do/does/didhave/has/hadwill/shall/be going to,can/may/must/shall/n

13、eedcould/should/would/mighthave(has)to/had better,系动词,be(am is are was were)/seem/keep/是/好象(似乎)是/保持look/feel/taste/smell/sound/看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去)become/turn/get/grow/变得,表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。和系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说:连系动词后面的就/才是表语!,He is a boy.She is a girl.They are students.They

14、 are good.He looks/seems ill.The apple tastes nice.Trees turn green.Your idea sounds good.,主语 系动词 表语,连系动词,主系表结构（S+V+P）主语+系动词+表语,Mr.Li is a good teacher.,The movie is interesting/wonderful.,He feels hungry.,The flower looks beautiful.,主语Subject:表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。也就是动作的发出者。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当

15、。,谓语Predicate:说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。,宾语Object:表示动作、行为的对象。也就是动作的接受者。一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。,狗 咬 人。主语 谓语 宾语,人 咬 狗。主语 谓语 宾语,及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词:see/hear/drank/eat/I saw him last week.We heard the bad news yesterday.They eat bread every day.He drank a glass of milk just now.不及物动词是后面不可以直接

16、跟宾语的动词:laugh/smile/look/listen/She smiled happily.They laughed loudly.如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助:She look at the blackboard carefully.He listened to his teacher in class.They laughed at us after the match.,什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?!,The doctor listened carefully.,The worker ran fast.,The boy is fishing.,The girl dance

17、s well.,The duck is swimming.,The woman walks slowly.,主谓结构（S+V）主语+谓语动词,不及物动词,He likes basketball game.,He plays computer games every day.,He played soccer yesterday.,He is playing the guitarnow.,及物动词,主谓宾结构（S+V+O）=主语+谓语+宾语,有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了：,他们放风筝。They fly the kites.,风筝在天上飞。The kites fly i

18、n the sky.,He gave me a present.,She teaches us.She teaches English.,She teaches us English.,She told me a story.,及物动词,主谓双宾结构（S+V+Oi+Od）=主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语,可以用于这种句式的动词主要有(A)buy/build/catch/cut/choose/cook/find/get/keep/make/draw/doHe bought me a new bike.也可以改为for sb.的句式 He bought a new bike for me.(B)g

19、ive/take/send/bring/teach/show/tell/pay/write/read/sell/lend/pass/return/throw/offer/handShe lent me a book.也可以改为 to sb.的句式 She lent a book to me.,主谓宾宾补结构（S+V+O+O.C）=主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语,He told me to clean my room.,I saw her dancing.,Our teacher asks us to read English every day.,及物动词,可以用于这种句式的动词主要有,let

20、/make sb.do sth.,ask/tell/want/allow/wish/get/sb.to do sth.expect/encourage/invite/teach,find/see/hear/watch/notice/feel sb.do sth.sb.doing sth.,help sb.(to)do sth.,hope和welcome 比较特殊我们可以说:I hope to visit your school.I hope that you can visit our school.I wish you to visit our school.Welcome to visit

21、 our school.You are welcome to visit our school.Welcome to our school.但不可以说：I hope/welcome you to visit our school.,1 主系表型 She is a very good girl.(_语)(_词)(_语)The girl is very good.(_语)(_词)(_语)2 主谓型_式:They laughed.The kites fly in the sky.(_语)(_词)(_语)(_词)_式:I bought a new bike.He plays volleyball.(_

22、语)(_词)(_语)(_语)(_词)(_语)_式:She told me a story.He gave me a good book.(_语)(_词)(_语)(_语)(_语)(_词)(_语)(_语)_式 He asked me to help him.He made me happy.(_语)(_词)(_语)(_语)(_语)(_词)(_语)(_语),原来也蛮简单的哦!我来分析一下这些句子中所包含的成分,1 主系表型 She is a very good girl.(主语)(连系动词)(表语)The girl is very good.(主语)(连系动词)(表语)2 主谓型主谓式:They l

23、aughed.The kites fly in the sky.(主语)(谓语动词)(主语)(谓语动词)主谓宾式:I bought a new bike.He plays volleyball.(主语)(谓语动词)(宾语)(主语)(谓语动词)(宾语)主谓宾宾式:She told me a story.He gave me a good book.(主语)(谓语动词)(宾语)(宾语)(主语)(谓语动词)(宾语)(宾语)主谓宾宾补式 He asked me to help him.He made me happy.(主语)(谓语动词)(宾语)(宾语补足语)(主语)(谓语动词)(宾语)(宾语补足语),keys,The boy is asleep.,The boy is sleeping.,主谓宾,主谓,The boy is playing the guitar.,His music is very beautiful.,It is beautiful music.,主系表,He is playing happily.,判断这些句子的类型并理解be动词的双重身份（连系动词助动词）,