英语必修一Unit4单词讲解1.ppt

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1、Unit4 Earthquakes,要 点 梳 理高效梳理知识备考重点单词1burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂，爆发2event n事件；大事3nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的，民族的nationality n国籍4ruin n废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产5suffering n苦难；痛苦suffer v受苦，遭受,6extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.7injure vt.损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的injury n伤害，损害8destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭9useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的use

2、ful(反义词)use v.&n使用，利用10shock vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊,11rescue n.&vt.援救；营救12trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境13electricity n电；电流；电学electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的14disaster n灾难；灾祸15bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏,16shelter n掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处17damage n.&vt.损失；损害18frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的,受恐吓的frightening a

3、dj.令人恐惧的19judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决judgement n判断，判决20express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递expression n表达expressive adj.有表现力的,重点短语1right away立刻2at an end 结束3in ruins 成为废墟4dig out 掘出；发现5a(great)number of 许多；大量的6give out 分发；发出(气味、热等),7thousands of 成千上万8think little of 不重视；不假思索9blow away 吹走；刮走10be proud of 以而自豪11inst

4、ead of 代替12be trapped in 陷入之中13be known for/as 因为/作为出名14bring in 引进；引来,1.earthquake n.地震Eg:It is reported that an earthquake broke out last night in Southeast Asia.2.right away 立刻；马上同义词：right now=at once=in no time=immediatelyright now“立即，马上；此时此刻”，相当于now,1_ he is doing an operation on the patient;pl

5、ease dont disturb him.ARight away BRight nowCIn no time DAt once答案：B解析：四个短语都有“立即，马上”之意，但right now还有“现在，此时此刻”之意。句意为：他目前正在给病人做手术，请不要打扰他。,即学即练7(1)I want it to be sent _.马上把它发出去。(2)He cleaned the room _.他立即开始打扫房间。(3)Hes not in the office _.他现在不在办公室。,right away,right away,right now,3.well n.井Eg:A book is

6、 a well of knowledge.They dug a well.adj.健康的Eg:I hope you will get well soon.adv.熟练地，有效地Eg:He plays the piano very well for his age.,4.smelly adj.有臭味的，发臭的Eg:His socks are smelly.拓展：blood bloody cloud cloudyrain rainy greed greedy词根：smell 可用作系动词或实义动词，用作系动词时，意为“闻起来”；用作实义动词时意为“闻”Eg:You may smell the mi

7、xture and it smells terrible.,smelly:smell+y=adj.smell n./v(smelt/smelled)2.They were all hungry and the food _ good.3.I can _ something burning in the kitchen.4.Please throw the _ fish away.,smelt,smell,smelly,1.A _ gas came _ _ the cracks.,smelly,out of,blood+-y=bloody rain+-y=rainy cloud+-y=cloud

8、y wind+-y=windy snow+-y=snowy greed+-y=greedy dream+-y=dreamy taste+-y=tasty ice+-y=icy fat+-y=fatty mud+-y=muddy sun+-y=sunny fog+-y=foggy,流血的,多云的,下雪的,幻想的,冷漠的，冰的,泥泞的,肥胖的,下雨的,多风的,贪婪的,美味的,阳光灿烂的,有雾的,5.burstv.（使）爆裂；（使）破裂；（使）爆炸Eg:You are going to burst the balloon if you are not careful.The balloon sudd

9、enly burst.v.猛冲；突然出现Eg:He burst into the room without knocking.burst into+n.=burst out doing sth.突然起来 eg:burst into laughter=burst out laughing,eg:她突然笑起来。She burst out laughing.She burst into.他突然大哭起来。He burst out crying.He burst into.n.突然爆裂，爆发短语：a burst of 一阵eg:一阵笑声,laughter,tears,a burst of laughte

10、r,勃然大怒,a burst of anger,burst into,burst with,闯入,充满,1(2010四川绵阳中学)When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in,people present all burst _ laughing while he burst _ tears.Ainto;in Binto;outCout;into Dout;in答案：C解析：考查固定搭配。句意：当一个满脸脏兮兮的男孩进来时，在场的人都笑起来，而他却哭起来。burst out laughing表示“突然大笑起来”，burst into tears

11、表示“突然大哭起来”，都是固定搭配。,6.at an end 结束，终结eg:炎热的天气终于结束了。The hot days are at an end at last.The hot days come to an end at last.be at an end=come to an end 结束短语：put an end to=bringto an end 使结束eg:他们应该结束战争。They should put an end to the war.They should bring the war to an end.辨析：at an end,in the end,at the e

12、nd of,by the end of,6.It seemed as if the world was _ _ _.,at,an,end,at the end of“在末端，终点，结尾”表时间by the end of 用于表示时间，“到结束的时候”，时态用完成时;in the end=at last=finally 意思“最后、终于”。,Compare:be at the end of=come to an end by the end of in the end,1).at an end:表示“终结，结束”，与be动词连用。eg:战争结束了。The war was at an end.=T

13、he war came to an end.2).in the end:表示“最终，终于”，单独使用作状语。eg:最终他们放弃了那项计划。They gave up the plan in the end.(at last)3).at the end of:表示“在的尽头/末尾”eg:今年年底，我父亲要回家。My father will come home at the end of this year.He is at the end of his patience.他已经忍耐到极限了。,即学即练8(1)The year is _.这一年已到年终了。(2)The meeting _.会议结束了

14、。(3)Go straight and youll find the hospital _ the road.一直往前走，你会在这条路的尽头找到这家医院。,at an end,came to an end,at the end of,1).His father will return home _this year.2).He will be a scientist _.3).How many English words had you learned _ last term?,at the end of,in the end,by the end of,as if 好像；似乎；仿佛。,She

15、 was sitting there as if nothing had happened.,7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in_.,ruins,in ruins:废墟,Compare:ruin;destroy;damage,拓展：be in ruins 呈一片废墟 bring sth to ruin 使某物毁灭 bring sb to ruin 使某人破产,damage指部分“损坏”、“损害”、“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与to something 连用。The accident d

16、id a lot of damage to his car.destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作“破坏”、“毁灭”解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。The earthquake destroyed the whole town.,指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的丧失，常指事故中的伤害,普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上，感情上的伤害,指枪伤，刀伤，刺伤等皮肉之伤，尤指战场上所受的伤,一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康，权利，事业等,A bullet injured his left eye.一颗子弹伤了他的左眼。,I dont want to hurt

17、you.我不想伤害你。,The soldier was wounded badly.这位士兵严重受伤。,Smoking seriously harmed his health.吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。,应用2(1)The robber _ him with a knife.那强盗用刀刺伤了他。(2)These criticisms have _ his pride deeply.这些批评使他的自尊心深深地受到了伤害。(3)Two people have been badly _ in the accident.有两个人在这次事故中严重受伤了。(4)Dont _ your eyes by re

18、ading in dim light.不要在昏暗的灯光下看书，以免损伤眼睛。,wounded,hurt/injured,injured,harm,Their jokes _ him deeply.Smoking will _ his health.He was slightly _ in the car accident.He got _ in the fighting.What you said _ my feeling.,have hurt,injure,injured,wounded,hurt,10.injure指损害健康，成就，容貌等，强调功能的损伤 hurt普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤

19、害，也可精神上，感情上的伤害 You hurt me!wound特指战场上受伤,9shock n.U；C打击；震惊；震动；休克vt.使震惊，使惊愕be shocked at/by(doing)sth.被震惊be shocked to do sth.惧怕做某事It shocked sb.to see/hear.看见/听到使某人震惊。(be)a shock to sb.对某人来说是个打击,shock：n.打击；震惊，震动 be a shock to sb对某人是一种打击The news of his wifes death was a terrible shock to him.shocked a

20、dj.惊愕的，感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的shocking:adj.使人震惊的His passing the exam was shocking to his parents.,即学即练4(1)The news of his wifes death was _ him.他妻子去世的消息对他打击太大了。(2)He _ her smoking.看到她在吸烟，他很吃惊。(3)_ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到震惊。,a terrible shock to,was shocked at,

21、It shocked me,提示：shocked adj.感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)shocking adj.令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物),rescue（1）n.C,U 救援，营救；救援行动 eg:The rescue team made ten rescues in a week.（2）vt.救援，拯救，解救 搭配：rescue sb/sth from 把从（地方）解救出来 eg:They rescued the boy from the burning house.,a rescue team 救援队 rescue worker 救援人员trap（1）vt.（trapped）

22、困住，关住，使陷入危险中 搭配：be trapped in 困在中 eg:The car was trapped in the deep snow.（2）n.C陷阱；困境；圈套，诡计 eg:She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.,disaster n.灾难，灾祸Eg:The fire was a great disaster.拓展：a traffic disaster 一起交通事故 natural disaster 自然灾害 a disaster area 灾区dig out(dug)挖出，翻找出Eg:Why

23、 did you dig out those old magazines?,bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏bury oneself in study 埋头研究bury oneself in(doing)sth.专心致力于(做)某事be buried in thoughts 沉思bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隐居,.bury vt.埋葬，掩埋，隐藏eg:她被安葬在她丈夫的坟边。She was buried beside her husbands grave.她双手捂着脸哭了起来。She buried her face

24、in her hands and cried.短语：bury oneself in=be buried in.专心于，埋首于 bend ones mind/efforts/thoughts to devote oneself to=be devoted to 专心于，献身于 be lost in 陷入中,12.frighten vt.使惊吓，吓唬 frightened adj.受惊的，受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的短语：be frightened at 受惊吓，见大吃一惊 be frightened of sb/sth 害怕某人/某物同义词：shock 近义词：surpr

25、ise,congratulation n.祝贺；恭贺；贺词搭配：offer/send ones congratulations to sb on sth 因某事向某人表示祝贺Eg:We offered our congratulations to him on his success.congratulate vt.祝贺搭配：congratulate sb on sth 因某事祝贺某人 congratulate oneself on sth/doing sth/that 暗自庆幸Eg:I heartily congratulate myself on having chosen a good

26、woman to be my wife.,6judge v.断定；判断；判决n.裁判员；法官；评判员judgement n.判断，审判，意见，判断力judging by/from 从上看，根据判断judge sb./sth.from/by.从来判断judge between right and wrong 判断是非as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为in ones judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法,即学即练6(1)Dont _ a book _ its cover.勿以貌取人。(2)_ his accent,he must be a southerner.根

27、据他的口音判断，他一定是个南方人。(3)He _ the best actor of this year.他被评为今年的最佳男演员。,judge,by,Judging from/by,Was judged to be,.单词拼写1_(祝贺)to you on your winning the contest.2Thousands of people died in the _(灾难)3His sudden death was a great _(震惊)to his family.4He was one of the _(裁判员)at the boxing match.5The car was

28、_(陷入)in the mud and couldnt get out.,Congratulations,disaster,shock,judges,trapped,6The firemen r_ three women from the burning house.7They are in desperate need of food,clothing and s_.8Dont leave the lights onit wastes e_9The miners were b_ alive when the tunnel collapsed.10He was too nervous to e_ himself in front of the girl.,rescued,shelter,electricity,buried,express,