英语国家社会与文化入门unit.ppt

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1、英语国家社会与文化入门（上册）,The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking CountriesAn Introduction(Book One),The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUnit 4 Politics,Class and Race,Give the English and a brief explanation for the following:卫报保守党环境保护自由民主党京都议定书,Quiz,The general elections-Import

2、ance of the general elections-Procedure of the general electionsThe political parties and recent political problems and trends-The Labor Party-The Conservative Party-The Liberal Democratic PartyUK policy on environmental protectionSocial Class in British society Ethnic relations in Britain,Focal Poi

3、nts,The Unit is Divided into Five Sections,I.The General Elections in Britain II.The Political Parties and Recent Political problems and TrendsIII.UK Policy on Environmental ProtectionIV.Social Class in British Society V.Ethnic Relations in Britain,The Unit Is Divided into Five Sections,I The Genera

4、l Elections,Importance of the general elections-The citizens right to vote for the candidate of their choice to represent them in parliament-The election seen as an opportunity to influence future government policy Formation of the government-650 MPs representing 650 constituencies-The party with ma

5、jority seats in parliament forming the government-The government standing for no more than 5 years except in exceptional circumstances,I The General Elections,Requirements for being a candidate:-Anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as a MP in principle.-Candidates with political backgrounds tend

6、 to get more votes than an independent candidate.-People who want to make an impact in national politics must usually join one of the big parties and apply to be chosen as their candidate in one of the constituencies.,I The General Elections,Procedure of the general elections:-Every one on the“elect

7、oral register”gets a voting card in mail with details of when and where to vote.-The political parties get their electoral campaigns,including advertising in newspapers,on TV,door-do-door campaigning and postal deliveries of leaflets.-People go to their stations and take a card with the candidates n

8、ames listed on it.Then they put an“X”beside the name of the candidate of their choice and insert it into the sealed box through a slit in the top.,The General Elections,Britains Prime Minister Gordon Brown is joined by his wife Sarah after he gave his final campaign speech to Labour Party supporters

9、 in Dumfries,Scotland May 5,2010.,The General Elections,BritainsConservativePartyleaderDavidCameronaddressedthefinalcampaignrally inBristol,southwestEngland,on May5,2010.,The General Elections,People queued for hours to vote in the 2010 election,The Political Parties and Recent Political Problems an

10、d Trends,The Labor PartyThe Conservative PartyThe Labor PartyThe Liberal Democratic PartyRecent political problems and trends-In the 1970s,bad economy with high inflation and low growth-In the 1980s,the privatization of nationalized industry-In the mid-90s,steady economic growth and reducing unemplo

11、yment figures,The Labor Party,Founded in1900,the Labor Party is a centre-left political party in the UK.Its also the newest party which grew out of the trade union movement and socialist political parties of the 19th century.Its a socialist party,believing that a society should be relatively equal i

12、n economic terms and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor.,The Leader of the Labor Party,Born in London,Ed.Miliband graduated fromCorpus Christi Collegeat the University of Oxford,and theLondon School of Economics.Miliband was promoted to the post ofSecret

13、ary of State for Energy and Climate Change from 2008 to 2010.On September 25,2010,he waselected Leader of the Labor Party.,The Conservative Party,The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 and was one of two dominant parties in the 19th century.Its a centre-right political party that states that it

14、espouses the philosophies of conservatism and British unionism.Its basically the party of the individual,protecting the individuals right to get wealth and spend it as they want.It advocates economic policies which are favorable to businessmen.,The Leader of the Conservative Party,David William Dona

15、ld Cameron(born 9 October 1966)is thePrime Minister of the United Kingdom andLeader of the Conservative Party.Cameron studiedPhilosophy,Politics and economics,at Brasenose College,Oxford in 1988.He won theConservative leadership election in 2005.In the2010 United Kingdom general election,Cameron for

16、med acoalition with the Liberal Democrats.,The Former Leader of the Conservative Party,Margaret Thatcher(19252013):She was the Prime Minister from 1979-1990 and the Leader of the Conservative Party from1975-1990.She was the longest-serving British PM of the 20th century and is the only woman to have

17、 held the office.,The Liberal Democrats,The Liberal Democrats are the third biggest party and may be seen as a party of the“middle”,occupying the ideological ground between the two main parties.Theyare comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance of the individual and the social.They emphas

18、ize the need for change in Britains constitu-tional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.,The Leader of the Liberal Democrats,Nicholas William PeterNickClegg(1967-)is aBritish politician who since 2010 has been Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom at the general

19、 election.Clegg has been theleader of theLiberal Democrats since 2007.,III UK Policy on Environmental Protection,Kyoto Protocol in 1997 Climate Change Program in 2000The Climate Change Act in 2008UK Low Carbon Transition Plan in 2009A High Level Advisory Group on Climate Change Financing in 2010Hous

20、ehold Energy Management Strategy in 2010,Household Energy Management Strategy,By 2015,every household will have installed loft and cavity wall insulation to save energy.By 2020,more than 7 million homes will have received more substantial eco-upgrades.,Environmental Protection,Tough action to protec

21、t Englands beaches and 3.6 bn seaside economy.,Environmental Protection,Environment Agency forces Dudley company to stop operating.,Sea trout return to the River Leven after a century of absence.,Common Agricultural Policy Greening Criteria Have Been Announced.,Under new EU regulations,known as gree

22、ning,farmers must ensure that 5 per cent of their land is set aside as an Ecological Focus Area(EFA),instead of being used for farming.,IV Social Class in British Society,Class divisions in Britain:-Middle class:office or white collar workers-Working class:manual or blue collar workers-Lower-middle

23、class:unskilled office workers and well-paid manual workers-Upper-middle class:doctors,lawyers and so onThe hereditary aristocracyLife peers,Social Class in British Society,The Hereditary Aristocracy:A distinctive characteristics of the British class-system is that it has retained a hereditary arist

24、ocracy.Children from these families are entitled to inherit its title as well as fortune.The senior tier of the aristocracy also inherit the right to sit and vote in the House of Lords.Life peers:Those whore made of recognition for achievement in UK society are lords for their lifetime but their chi

25、ldren cant inherit the title.,Social Class in British Society,Higher education is one of the most distinguishing features of the middle classes.,Social Class in British Society,Oil workers are drilling in the North Sea.,V Ethnic Relations in Britain,About 5%of British citizens from non-European ethn

26、ic groups;Majority of recent immigrants from South Asia and Caribbean countries;British culture such as food,music,writing and religion enriched by immigrants;Immigrants facing higher unemployment than the white;Tense ethnic relations.,Mixed United Kingdom Ethnicity Category,Total population England

27、-1,192,879(2011)White and Black Caribbean-426,715White and Black African-165,974White and Asian-341,727Other Mixed-289,984 Wales-31,521(2011)Scotland-20,000(2011)Northern Ireland-6,014(2011),Ethnic Relations in Britain,A census for the Independent Schools Council shows 74.5%of pupils(280,671)are fro

28、m white British backgrounds and 25.5%(95,904)are from minorities.,Ethnic Relations in Britain,Living in mixed communities makes people feel British.,Ethnic Relations in Britain,Modern British life is becoming more and more multicultural.,Questions for Discussion,A.What are the three major parties in the UK?B.What are some of the recent political trends in the UK?C.What is Britains policy in dealing with climate change?What will the British government do for environmental protection?D.How are people in the UK divided into different classes?,The End,高等教育出版社2015,