英语听说技能的教学.ppt
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1、英语听说技能的教学,北京教育学院 袁昌寰,讲座大纲,1.什么是语言技能?2.什么是真实生活中的听力?3.不同的听力模式4.课堂听力教学“生活化”5.听力教学的原则6.英语课堂听力教学的过程7.英语口语教学,1.什么是语言技能?,语言技能是构成语言交际能力的重要组成部分。语言技能包括听、说、读、写四个方面的技能以及这四种技能的综合运用能力。听和读是理解技能,说和写是表达技能;这四种技能在语言学习和交际中相辅相成、相互促进。学生应通过大量的专项和综合性语言实践活动,形成综合语言运用能力,为真实语言交际打下基础。,1)The requirement of the National Curriculu
2、m 训练语言技能是课程标准的要求 教师要帮助学生掌握一定的英语基础知识和 听、说、读、写技能,形成一定的综合语言 能力。,基础知识,基本技能,综合运用语言能力,2)The features of listening 听的本质特征(1)Listening is an active communicative act.听是一种主动、积极的交际行为(2)Listening is an active psychological processing,sampling,predicting,testing,confirming or revising 听是主动、积极的心理语言活动过程,3)The dif
3、ficulties for teaching English listening 听力教学的困难(1)Since listening is a mental activity carried out in ones head,it is very difficult to know exactly what mental processes are involved as one tries to extract meaning from an aural text.听是一个心理活动,(2)To listen successfully,students should not only unde
4、rstand the language itself but have knowledge of such things as the topic,the context,the speakers and so on.成功的听者不仅需要理解语言,还需要具有有关话题、情境、言者等方面的知识。(3)The listener cant control the level of difficulty of the listening materials.听者无法控制所听内容的难度,(4)The listener cant control the speed of the listening mater
5、ials.听者无法控制所听内容的输入速度(5)The listener cant control the way to present the listening materials.听者无法控制语言材料的呈现的方式,4)The factors that influence the listening comprehension 影响听力理解的因素 Language 语言知识 Background knowledge 背景知识 Cognitive strategy 认知策略 Emotional factor 情感因素,5)What is successful listening?什么是成功的听
6、力?Read the following statements about successful listening.Put a tick in the brackets next to those you agree with and a cross next to those you disagree with.(1)Successful listening requires the listener to understand every word spoken to him.()(2)Listening is successful as long as the listener get
7、s the information he wants.(),(3)A successful listener should be able to demonstrate his success by reproducing the aural message word for word.()(4)To achieve successful listening,the listener not only needs to understand what is directly expressed,but to identify what is indirectly meant such as t
8、he relationship between speakers,the moods or attitudes of the speakers.(),(5)The degree of success of a particular listening performance could be evaluated according to the listeners interpretation of what has been said.(),2.What is real life listening?什么是真实生活中的听力?,1)Why do people listen?人们日常生活中为什么
9、进行听的活动?Look at the real-life listening situation below and then write down why people listen in each situation.(1)A passenger listen to an announcement at the airport.(2)A child watches a cartoon on television.(3)A waiter takes orders in a restaurant.,(4)A housewife listens to her neighbors greeting
10、 in a supermarket.(5)An old lady listens to a radio drama.(6)A man who can judge for himself the weather conditions still listens to a stranger remarking“The weather is fine,isnt it?”,Complete the following table by classifying the listening purposes in the above situation.,2)Features of daily life
11、listening日常生活中的“听”的特点:,Penny Ur 指出,日常生活中的“听”有如下几个特点:Informal 非正式性(随意性)Context 语境Visual 可视性Listeners responding 听者的回应Speakers self adjustment说话者自身的调整,3)How do people listen?人们怎么听?,Read the following statements made by three students about the problems they meet when listening to English.Then think ab
12、out the possible causes of these problems as well as your suggested solutions.,Student A:When I listen to English,what worries me most is my limited vocabulary.If I come across a new word,I stop to think about its meaning and so miss the next part of the speech.,Student B:Sometimes,even though I kno
13、w every word,I can still not get the meaning.It seems that if I want to improve my listening ability,language is not the only enemy I have to fight against.,Student C:Listening causes me a lot of headaches.And it becomes especially difficult when the topics are unfamiliar to me.,3.Different approach
14、es for listening 不同的听力模式,1.Bottom-up approach 自下而上模式2.Top-down approach 自上而下模式3.Interactive approach 互动模式,3.Different approaches for listening 不同的听力模式,1.Bottom-up approach 自下而上模式2.Top-down approach 自上而下模式3.Interactive approach 互动模式,4.Make classroom listening teaching like“real life listening”课堂听力教学“
15、生活化”,要使课堂教学生活化,就要考虑两方面的因素:1)Listening materials 听力材料(1)课堂教学中使用的听力材料应尽量贴近日常生活,营造一种非正式性的语言氛围;(2)听力训练中努力创造说者和听者之间的直接勾通。如教师可即席创造一些听力训练材料供学生练习。如担心语言水平不够,可用录像来弥补。,2)Listening training process 听力训练过程(1)在训练过程中,首先应让学生了解有关听力材料的背景知识,如“You are going to listen to a lady buying a hat in a shop”“You are going to l
16、isten to a recording about Pauls new neighbor.”(2)在听之前提出几个相关问题或布置听力任务,以便学生在听的过程中有的放矢。(3)在听的过程中允许学生及时反馈信息。,5.Principles for teaching listening听力教学的原则,Integrate listening and speaking 听说结合Understanding the meaning first 侧重于意义理解Adjust the level of listening and tasks 正确判断听力材料和任务的难易度Improve students lis
17、tening skills 培养学生的听力技能,1)What are the major listening skills?(1)Predicting for listening 预测(2)Listening for gist 略听(3)Listening for specific information 寻听(4)Listening for detailed information 细听(5)Inferring 推断(6)Note-taking 记笔记,2)Designing effective listening tasks to improve students listening sk
18、ills.学生听力技能的提高是靠教师设计有目的培养学生不同技能的任务实现的,6.Listening teaching procedures 英语课堂听力教学的过程,英语听力课堂教学的三个阶段Pre-listening 听前阶段While-listening 听力阶段Post-listening 听后阶段教师在听力课中扮演着指挥员、学生情况检察员和听力问题的讲解员。,Pre-listening stage听前阶段,在听前阶段,教师应该帮助学生预测所要听的内容的主题、体裁和听力目的,为他们根据不同的听力目的选择适当的听力技能做好准备。教师还应该在这个阶段帮助学生做好语言、词汇和背景知识的准备。教师
19、在这个阶段可以训练学生哪些听力技巧呢?,Pre-listening stage 听前阶段,Prediction 预测在听前阶段,教师经常引导学生做什么活动?,Pre-listening stage tasks and activities听前阶段的任务与活动,听前活动:热身活动,熟悉话题;熟悉相关词语和句 型;接受背景信息;提出需要解决的问 题,明确具体任务。听前老师要为学生的听力活动做好准备和铺垫,让学生想听,会听。,Pre-listening stage tasks and activities听前阶段的任务与活动,1.通过多种形式教一些影响学生听大意的词汇。(Pre-teach new
20、words)2.预测(Predicting)在具体的语境中,良好的预测能力会使听者更有效地接收听的信息,进而提高听的质量。教师可以引导学生根据图片、主题、关键词等引导学生对听力内容进行预测。,示例活动:The Fox and the Crow活动过程:Show the background picture of The Fox and the Crow and have students see it clearly and think about what might be happening in the story.,Ask students to talk about their pr
21、edictions in pairs and then in class.,3.情景锁定(Setting the scene)由于学生在课堂教学中的听力训练时缺乏语境,对于理解听力材料会形成一定障碍。所以教师提供一些背景信息来设置语境是Pre-listening阶段一种良好的方式。,示例活动:Helen Keller教学目标:通过听使学生了解Helen Keller的一生事迹和成长经历。,活动过程:a.Show students pictures of Helen Keller and her famous book The Story of My Life.,b.Have students
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