美术(绘画)作品分类及特点.ppt
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1、,第二章 美术作品的分类及各自的特点,(一)绘画作品的类型,【学习目标】本章主要介绍美术的种类和各自的特点,使同学们初步了解各类美术种类的基本知识.【基本要求】通过本章学习能够识别各种美术作品并分析和阐明各种美术的特点.,至今,绘画的种类多种多样,有着许多不同的分类方法,一般有以下几种:1、根据绘画所表现的对象和内容分类:有宗教画、历史画、风俗画、肖像画、人物画、风景画、山水画、静物画、花鸟画、动物画、建筑画等。2、根据绘画工具和材料分类:有素描、油画、水彩画、水粉画、水墨画、版画、雕塑、壁画等。3、根据绘画形式分类:有装饰画、年画、连环画、宣传画、漫画等。4、根据地域、国别或民族文化传统分类
2、,则有中国画、日本画、西洋画等。,Paintings may be classified from different angles as follows:1.According to the subjects and contents they express:religious painting,historical paintings,genre painting,portrait painting,figure painting,landscape painting,mountain and water painting,still life,flower and bird paint
3、ing,animal painting,building painting.2.According to painting tools and materials:sketch painting,oil paiting,watercolor painting,gouache,wash painting,print paintings,carving,mural paintings.3.According to painting format:decoratoion paintings,New Year pictures,comic strips,picture posters,caricatu
4、re4.According to regional,national culture traditions:Chinese paintings,Japanese paintings,Western paintings,一、绘画作品的类型(一)中国画 中国画是我国传统造型艺术之一也是我国传统民族绘画的统称,在我国中国画简称为“国画”。中国画是以水为调合剂、以墨为主要颜料、以毛笔为主要工具,画在宣纸或绢帛上的种画种。由于墨要在砚盘上研磨,我国传统上就统称这些工具材料笔、墨、纸、砚为“文房四宝”A.Types of Paintings 1、Chinese painting Chinese paint
5、ing is one of the Chinese traditional plastic art,which is also the general designation of Chinese traditional national paintings.Chinese painting is done on Chinese paper or silk by using water as harmonization agent,ink as main color,Chinese brush as main tools.Because the ink is ground on the ink
6、stone with fresh water,traditionally,we call the four items-writing brushes,ink-stick,inkstones and paper-as four treasures of the study.,张仃的焦墨山水画,以线造型、书法入画,讲究笔墨,是中国画的重要特色。The use of line,calligraph in pictures and rich brushwork and ink technique are characteristic of Chinese paintings.中国画的墨色变化和以线条
7、为主的勾、皴、点、染、浓、淡、干、湿、阴阳、向、背、虚、实、疏、密和留白等多种表现手法,具有高度的提炼概括技巧,充分体现了民族的精神,因而成为光辉灿烂的民族绘画艺术。中国画线条的美感是油画所没有的。In addition to the stylized expressions of outlining(goufa),shade and texture(cunfa),the dotting method(dianfa)and the application of color(ranfa),a wide variety of lines-thick,thin,dense,light,long,sh
8、ort,dry,wet,etc.and dry or running ink embody the Chinese spirits,which makes the distinctive difference of Chinese painting from other painting forms.,张仃的焦墨山水画,中国画融诗词、歌赋、书法、绘画、印章于一炉,诗、书、画、印,相映生辉,这也是任何绘画艺术都没有的独特艺术形式。Chinese painting is a combination in the same picture of the arts of poetry,calligra
9、phy,painting,and seal engraving,which gives Chinese painting its unique qualities.中国画中的一个重要品种是水墨画。水墨画特别讲究墨色的变化,有“墨分五色”之说,表明是在单纯的色彩中求丰富性和微妙性。墨因含水分之不同所造成的浓、淡、枯、湿、焦以及通过皴擦点染等手段,在画面上形成造型的和色彩的语汇,予人以美感。One of the important categories of Chinese painting is ink-and-wash.What gives ink-and-wash paintings the
10、ir unique flavour is that they make use of darkness or lightness,density or dilution to present the light and colour possessed by various objects,especially the particular effect formed between water,ink and unprocessed xuan paper.Hence,there is a saying“Chinese Ink Representing Five Colors”.,于希宁“梅”
11、,中国画的类型 中国画从题材、内容上主要可分为人物、山水、花鸟画几个大类。1)人物画:凡以人物为内容的绘画统称人物画2)山水画:是中国画特有的画种之一,是描写山川自然景色为主体的绘画3)花鸟画:是中国绘画门类中特有的一种绘画画种。以描绘花卉、竹石、鸟虫等为作画主体。1)Types of Chinese paintingChinese painting can be classified into three categories mainly,according to different subject matters,namely,figure,flower and bird and lan
12、dscape paintings.a.Figure Painting:Paintings which focus on figures are generally figure paintings.b.Landscape Painting:Landscape paintings mainly depict natural seneries such mountains and waters which is unique in Chinese painting.c.Flower and bird painting:Among the common subjects in this genre
13、are flowers,bamboo,birds,insects,and stones.,方增先“说红书”(人物画),范宽“雪景寒林图”(山水画),陈之佛的花鸟画,2、中国画的技法形式:中国画主要有工笔、写意、勾勒、设色、水墨等技法形式1)Technique of Chinese painting According to the means of expression,Chinese painting can be divided into two categories:the meticulous(gongbi)school which is characterized by close
14、attention to detail and fine brush work and freehand(xieyi)school which is marked by exaggerated forms and freehand brush work.,钟增亚“红果”,特点如下:1)工笔:亦称“细笔”。工笔画用笔工整细致,敷色层层渲染,细节精致入微,以描绘被画对象的准确形象为准则。2)白描:纯以画笔勾勒线条而不设色来描绘景物或形象的一种技法形式。白描是中国画的基础训练形式之一。其画作亦可成为独立的绘画品种。3)写意:俗称“粗笔”,与“工笔”对称。写意画法是指用单纯而概括的笔墨来表现对象的精神
15、意态,是不求形似求神似的画法。4)勾勒:用笔顺势称“勾”,逆势称“勒”,也有以单笔为“勾”,复笔为“勒”(使用于山水画中为“复”),以及称左为“勾”,右为“勒”的。通常指用线条勾描物象轮廓,不分顺、逆。勾勒要求有笔力。5)泼墨法:古时的泼墨法是指将大量的墨泼洒在纸绢上,然后根据泼洒的墨色形状、深浅,再画成种种物象。现在意义的泼墨,则是指大笔饱蘸浓墨,阔笔大写,笔酣墨畅,一气呵成之法。这种泼墨方法气势磅礴,墨彩生动丰富。6)泼彩法:同泼墨法相似,用色量大、泼洒自如,多用石色,画出后厚重而又有变化,常画在墨色上,与墨色相映成趣。7)浅绛:中国山水画中的一种设色技巧。即凡以淡红青色彩渲染为主的山水画
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